IDENTIFICATION
1. A patient is infected with a bacterium that has a thick peptidoglycan wall but no outer
membrane. Which type of bacterium is most likely the pathogen?
- Gram-positive bacteria
2. The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment despite
external fluctuations.
- Homeostasis.
3. A surgeon describes a tumor as located in the ventral cavity, inferior to the diaphragm,
but not within the pelvic cavity. Identify the specific cavity involved.
- Abdominal cavity.
4. A hiker has swelling due to lack of essential building blocks for enzymes and muscles.
What macromolecule is deficient?
- Proteins.
5. During childbirth, oxytocin release intensifies uterine contractions until delivery is
complete. Identify the type of feedback mechanism illustrated.
- Positive feedback
6. A person sweats, and the evaporation of water from the skin absorbs body heat, cooling
them down. What property of water enables this cooling mechanism?
- Heat of vaporization
7. A researcher studies how oxygen diffuses from alveoli into pulmonary capillaries. Identify
the level of structural organization being investigated.
- Organ system level.
8. A patient complains of severe pain in the left lower quadrant (LLQ) of the abdomen.
Identify the most likely organ affected.
- Large intestine (specifically, the descending colon or sigmoid colon) or
parts of the small intestine.
9. A patient develops meningitis, which inflames the protective covering around the brain
and spinal cord. Identify the membrane that is inflamed.
- Meninges.
10.A surgeon makes a cut that divides the body into unequal right and left parts. Identify the
name of this specific plane.
- Parasagittal plane.
11.A patient's X-ray shows multiple fractured ribs. The technician explains that X-rays are
ideal for visualizing this tissue type. Identify the type of tissue best visualized by X-ray.
- Bone.
12.A biologist notices that small insects can "walk" on a pond's surface due to hydrogen
bonds between molecules. What property of water explains this?
- Surface tension.
13.A laboratory identifies a molecule with C, H, O, and twice as many hydrogens as oxygen.
What macromolecule is this?
- Carbohydrate.
14.A stroke patient's neurons swell because sodium-potassium ATPase fails due to ATP
depletion. Identify the eukaryotic organelle primarily involved.
- Mitochondrion
15.A nurse explains to students that white blood cells destroy bacteria by fusing
phagosomes with digestive vesicles. Identify the vesicle that contains hydrolytic
enzymes.
- Lysosome.
16.A nurse explains that in mitosis, spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart. Identify the
cytoskeletal structure forming the spindle.
- Microtubules.
17.A nurse reports swelling in the inguinal region. Identify the common layman's term for
this body.
- Groin.
18.A pathologist explains that in sickle cell anemia, changes at the molecular level alter the
shape of red blood cells, affecting tissue oxygen delivery. Identify the level of structural
organization where the disease begins.
- Chemical level.
19.A desert plant survives extreme drought because it stores a substance that resists
temperature changes due to hydrogen bonding. What property of water is this?
- High specific heat capacity
20.The structure that monitors changes in the environment and sends input to the control
center.
- Receptor
21.An imaging study shows a horizontal slice of the brain dividing it into superior and inferior
portions. Identify the anatomical plane used.
- Transverse plane