SREE GOKULAM PUBLIC SCHOOL, CHENGALPATTU
CLASS XII
TOPIC: PROBABILITY
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1. If A and B are events such that 𝑃(𝐴) = 2 , 𝑃(𝐵) = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 4, then find:
i) P(A/B) ii) 𝑃(𝐴′ /𝐵) iii) 𝑃(𝐴′ /𝐵′)
2. 10% of the bulbs produced in a factory are of red colour and 2% are red and defective, if one
bulb is picked up at random, determine the probability of its being defective if it is red.
3. Ten cards numbered 1 to 10 are placed in a box, and one card is drawn randomly. If it is
known that the number on the card drawn is more than 3, what is the probability that it is an even
number?
4. A card is randomly drawn from a well-shuffled pack of 52 playing cards. Events A and B are
defined as under :
A : Getting a card of diamond
B : Getting a queen
Determine whether the events A and B are independent or not.
5. Find the probability distribution of the number of doublets in three throws of a pair of dice.
6. E and F are two independent events such that P(𝐸) = 0·6 and
P(E ∪ F) = 0·6. Find P(F) and P(𝐸 ∪ 𝐹).
7. The chances of P, Q and R getting selected as CEO of a company are in the ratio 4 : 1 : 2
respectively. The probabilities for the company to increase its profits from the previous year
under the new CEO, P, Q or R are 0·3, 0·8 and 0·5 respectively. If the company increased the
profits from the previous year, find the probability that it is due to the appointment of R as CEO.
8. It is known that 20% of the students in a school have above 90% attendance and 80% of the
students are irregular. Past year results show that 80% of students who have above 90%
attendance and 20% of irregular students get ‘A’ grade in their annual examination. At the end of
a year, a student is chosen at random from the school and is found to have an ‘A’ grade. What is
the probability that the student is irregular ?
9. A biased die is twice as likely to show an even number as an odd number. If such a die is
thrown twice, find the probability distribution of the number of sixes. Also; find the mean of the
distribution.
10. A card from a well shuffled deck of 52 playing cards is lost. From the remaining cards of the
pack, a card is drawn at random and is found to be a King. Find the probability of the lost card
being a King.
11. Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls, Bag II contains 5 red and 2 black balls. Two balls are
transferred at random from Bag I to Bag II and then a ball is drawn at random from Bag II. Find
the probability that the drawn ball is red in colour.
12. Bag I contains 3 black and 2 white balls, bag II contains 2 black and 4 white balls. One bag is chosen
at random and a ball is drawn from it. Determine the probability of drawing a black ball.
13. Two-thirds of the students of a class are boys and the rest are girls. It is known that the probability of
a girl getting a first class marks in Board’s Exam is 0.4 and a boy getting first class marks is 0.35. Find
the probability that a student chosen at random will get first class marks in exam.
14. Three machines 𝐸1 , 𝐸2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸3 in a certain factory producing electric bulbs, produce 50%, 25% and
25% respectively, of the total output of electric bulbs. It is known that 4% of the bulbs produced by each
machines 𝐸1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸2 are defective and that 5% of those produced y machine 𝐸3 are defective. If one bulb
is picked up at a random from a day’s production, calculate the probability that it is defective.
15. An urn contains 3 red and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random, its colour is noted and returned to
the urn. Moreover, 2 additional balls of the colour noted down, are put into the urn and then two balls are
drawn at random (without replacement) from the urn. Find the probability that both the balls drawn are of
red colour.
16. A purse contains 4 silver and 5 copper coins. A second purse contains 3 silver and 7 copper coins. If a
coin is taken out at random from one of the purses, what is the probability that it is a copper coin?
17. For A, B and C the chances of being selected as the manager of a firm are 4 : 1 : 2 respectively. The
respective probabilities for them to introduce a radical change in marketing strategy are 0.3, 0.8 and 0.5
respectively. If the change does takes place, find the probability that it is due to the appointment of B.
18. In a test, an examinee either guess or copies or knows the answer to a multiple choice question with
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four choices and only one correct option. the probability that he makes a guess is 6. The probability that
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he copies the answer is 9. The probability that the answer is correct, given that he copied it, is 8. find the
probability that he knew the answer to the question, given that he correctly answered it.
19. According to recent research, air turbulence has increased in various regions around the
world due to climate change. Turbulence makes flights bumpy and often delays the flights.
Assume that, an airplane observes severe turbulence, moderate turbulence or light turbulence
with equal probabilities. Further, the chance of an airplane reaching late to the destination are
55%, 37% and 17% due to severe, moderate and light turbulence respectively.
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Find the probability that an airplane reached its destination late.
(ii) If the airplane reached its destination late, find the probability that it was due to moderate
turbulence.
20. Airplanes are by far the safest mode of transportation when the number of transported
passengers are measured against personal injuries and fatality totals.
Previous records state that the probability of an airplane crash is 0·00001%. Further, there are
95% chances that there will be survivors after a plane crash. Assume that in case of no crash, all
travellers survive.
Let E1 be the event that there is a plane crash and E2 be the event that there is no crash. Let A be
the event that passengers survive after the journey.
On the basis of the above information, answer the following questions :
(i) Find the probability that the airplane will not crash.
(ii) Find P(A | E1) + P(A | E2).
(iii) Find P(A).
(iv) Find P(E2 | A).