🩺 General Medicine Notes
1. Vital Signs
• Normal Temperature: 36.5–37.5 °C
• Pulse Rate: 60–100 bpm
• Respiratory Rate: 12–20/min
• Blood Pressure: 120/80 mmHg (normal)
• Oxygen Saturation (SpO₂): >95%
2. Common Symptoms & Causes
• Fever → Infection, inflammation, autoimmune disorders
• Cough → Respiratory infection, asthma, COPD, TB
• Chest Pain → Angina, MI, GERD, musculoskeletal pain
• Shortness of Breath → Asthma, pneumonia, heart failure, anemia
3. Important Medical Conditions
• Diabetes Mellitus
o Type 1: Insulin deficiency
o Type 2: Insulin resistance
o Complications: Neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy
• Hypertension
o BP >140/90 mmHg
o Risk factors: Obesity, smoking, high salt intake, genetics
• Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
o Symptoms: Severe chest pain, sweating, nausea, radiation to left arm/jaw
o Diagnosis: ECG changes, ↑ Troponin levels
• Asthma
o Reversible airway obstruction
o Symptoms: Wheeze, cough, breathlessness
4. Common Drugs & Uses
• Paracetamol → Fever, mild pain
• Aspirin → Antiplatelet, analgesic
• Metformin → Diabetes (Type 2)
• Lisinopril (ACE inhibitor) → Hypertension, heart failure
• Salbutamol (Inhaler) → Asthma, COPD
5. First Aid Basics
• CPR: 30 chest compressions + 2 breaths (repeat)
• Bleeding: Apply direct pressure
• Fracture: Immobilize with splint
• Burns: Cool with running water (not ice)