Artificial Intelligence Class 10

Class 10
Artificial Intelligence
Answer Key
Part B
Unit 1 – Revisiting AI Project Cycle & Ethical Frameworks of AI
Section A(Objective Type Questions)
1. Which of the following is not a typical stage in the AI Project Cycle?
d. Data generation

2. What is the main focus of the first stage of AI project cycle?

b. Problem scoping and developing a vision

3. Which W in 4W canvas explores the reason behind solving the problem?

b. Why

4. Which fields does NLP combine to achieve its goals?

c. Linguistics and computer science

5. How does Google Translate utilise NLP?

a. By analysing sentence structure and context to translate text

6. How do ethical frameworks ensure fairness in AI systems?

b. By eliminating biases in training data and ensuring equal treatment

7. Which ethical framework is based on respecting and upholding individual rights?

a. Rights-based ethical framework

8. What does beneficence in bioethics involve?

d. Promoting the welfare and well-being of others

9. What is the primary domain of application for Bioethics?

b. Healthcare and life sciences

10. What is the purpose of defining the problem statement during the Problem Scoping stage in an AI
project cycle?
b. To understand the aim and objective of the project

(Fill in the blanks)

1. NLP helps machines understand and interact with humans through text and speech.
2. One of the applications of statistical data is the recommendation system, which recommends
products, movies, or music to users.
3. The principle of non-maleficence is summarized as "do no harm" and emphasizes avoiding harm to
individuals or communities.
4. Bioethics combines ideas from medicine, law, and philosophy to ensure healthcare decisions are fair,
respectful, and protect everyone's rights.
5. Data acquisition stage involves gathering raw data, which is essential for referencing or performing
analyses that will guide the project.

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6. Problem scoping is a crucial step where the focus is on thoroughly understanding the problem,
considering the various factors that influence it, and determining an appropriate solution using AI
technology.
7. Voice assistants are software applications that use NLP to communicate with humans using text to
speech.
8. In computer vision, AI systems are designed to interpret and analyze visual data, such as images or
videos.

(State whether these statements are true or false)

1. Ethical frameworks help minimise bias and ensure fair treatment for all. True
2. AI systems are capable of inheriting intelligence from training data, leading to discrimination or unfair
treatment. True
3. AI often relies on lots of personal data, maintaining its privacy and protection. False
4. With the emergence of AI and automation, there will be technology-driven societal changes. True
5. In retail store, checkout systems use NLP to recognise products and streamline the payment process by
automating transaction. False

(Match the following)

1. Language Translation → b. NLP
2. Google Lens → a. Computer Vision
3. Autonomous Weapons → e. Killer Robots
4. Alexa → c. Chatbot
5. Self-driving cars → d. Object Classification

SECTION B (Short answer type questions)

1. List down the steps of the AI project cycle.
The primary stages of the AI Project Cycle are:
1. Problem Scoping: Identifying and defining the problem to be solved.
2. Data Acquisition: Collecting and gathering the necessary data.
3. Data Exploration: Cleaning, analyzing, and understanding the collected data.
4. Modelling: Building and training the AI model.
5. Evaluation: Testing the model's performance to ensure it meets the project goals.
6. Deployment: Implementing the model in a real-world application.

2. What do you understand by statistical data?

Statistical data refers to information that has been collected, analyzed, and interpreted to reveal
patterns, trends, and relationships. In AI, statistical data is used to train machine learning
models, allowing them to make predictions and decisions by identifying these underlying
patterns in the data.

3. The Face Lock feature in smartphones is an application of Artificial Intelligence. Explain how this
feature works and identify the AI domain it belongs to.
The Face Lock feature uses Computer Vision. It works by first capturing an image or video of
the user's face. This faceprint is stored securely on the device. When the user tries to unlock the
phone again, the camera captures their face, creates a new faceprint, and compares it to the
stored one. If the two faceprints match with a high degree of similarity, the phone unlocks.

4. Explain the Evaluation stage of the AI project cycle.

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The Evaluation stage is where the performance and reliability of the trained AI model are
assessed. Using a separate, unseen dataset called the testing dataset, the model's predictions are
compared with the actual outcomes. This helps determine how well the model works on new data
and whether it meets the success metrics defined during the problem scoping stage.

5. Explain value-based ethical frameworks.

Value-based ethical frameworks focus on core moral principles or values rather than on strict
rules or outcomes. They guide AI development by emphasizing values like fairness, honesty,
responsibility, and respect. For an AI system to be considered ethical under this framework, it
must embody and promote these values in its design, data usage, and decisions.

(Long answer type questions)

1. Explain any three applications of computer vision.
 Facial Recognition: Used for security systems, unlocking smartphones, and identifying
individuals in photos or videos. For example, a phone's face unlock feature.
 Object Detection and Tracking: Used in self-driving cars to identify pedestrians, other
vehicles, and traffic lights. It is also used in surveillance systems to track specific objects or
people.
 Medical Imaging Analysis: AI-powered computer vision can analyze medical scans like X-
rays or MRIs to help doctors detect diseases like tumors or other abnormalities more quickly
and accurately.

2. List down the types of Ethical Frameworks.

The main types of ethical frameworks are:
 Value-based Framework
 Rights-based Framework
 Bioethics Framework
 Consequence-based Framework
 Virtue-based Framework
 Sector-based Framework

3. List down the major issues and concerns related to AI.

Major issues and concerns related to AI include:
 Algorithmic Bias: AI systems can inherit and amplify biases present in their training data,
leading to discriminatory outcomes.
 Privacy and Security: AI requires vast amounts of data, raising concerns about data privacy,
security breaches, and surveillance.
 Job Displacement: The increasing automation driven by AI could lead to the loss of jobs in
various sectors.
 Lack of Transparency: Many AI models are "black boxes," making it difficult to understand
how they arrive at a decision, which is a problem for accountability.
 Ethical Misuse: AI can be used for malicious purposes, such as autonomous weapons, fake
news generation, and deepfakes.

4. Why the ethical framework is necessary for AI?

Ethical frameworks are essential for AI because they provide guidelines to ensure AI systems are
developed and used responsibly. They help mitigate risks like algorithmic bias, privacy
violations, and job displacement. By providing principles of fairness, transparency, and
accountability, these frameworks ensure that AI technology benefits society as a whole and aligns
with fundamental human values, preventing potential harm and misuse.

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5. Differentiate between data acquisition and data exploration in AI project cycle.

 Data Acquisition: This is the initial stage of gathering raw data from various sources (e.g.,
databases, sensors, web scraping). The primary goal is to collect a sufficient and relevant
dataset to train the AI model. It is a process of getting the data.
 Data Exploration: This stage follows data acquisition. It involves cleaning the raw data,
identifying patterns, and understanding its characteristics. This step helps in identifying
missing values, errors, or biases in the data before using it for model training. It is a process
of understanding and preparing the data.

6. What is Natural Language Processing? Explain any two real-life applications of NLP.
Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a field of AI that enables computers to understand,
interpret, and generate human language. It combines principles from linguistics and computer
science to allow machines to process spoken and written language.
Two real-life applications of NLP are:
 Sentiment Analysis: Businesses use NLP to analyze customer reviews or social media
comments to determine the sentiment (positive, negative, or neutral) towards their products
or services.
 Machine Translation: Services like Google Translate use NLP to automatically translate text
from one language to another while preserving the meaning and context.

7. What is the necessity for Ethical Frameworks in AI development?

Ethical frameworks are necessary for AI development to ensure the technology is built and used
responsibly. They are crucial for:
 Mitigating Bias
 Ensuring Accountability
 Protecting Privacy
 Promoting Transparency

8. Mention the key characteristics of sector-based frameworks.

Sector-based frameworks are ethical guidelines specifically designed for a particular industry,
Their key characteristics include:
 Materiality: They focus on ethical issues that are most relevant and significant to a specific
sector.
 Customization: The principles are tailored to address the unique challenges and risks of a
particular industry, such as data privacy in healthcare or algorithmic fairness in finance.
 Compliance: They often align with and help organizations meet specific regulatory and legal
requirements of their sector.
 Stakeholder Focus: They consider the specific interests and concerns of stakeholders within
that sector, such as patients in healthcare or clients in banking.

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Unit 2 – Advanced concepts of modelling in AI

SECTION A (Objective Type Questions)
1. What does Reinforcement Learning aim to maximise?
c. Cumulative rewards

2. Which algorithm is primarily used in image-related tasks like facial recognition?

c. CNN

3. Artificial neural networks are inspired by the structure and function of:
a. The human brain

4. Training a neural network often requires:

b. A significant amount of data and computational resources

5. What does unsupervised learning primarily aim to achieve?

b. Identify hidden patterns or clusters in the data

6. Which of the following is NOT a sub-category of supervised learning?

c. Clustering

7. Which of the following is an example of reinforcement learning?

c. A robot learning to pick objects through trial and error

8. Which of these is an example of a classification problem?

c. Determining if an email is spam

(Fill in the blanks)

1. The learning-based approach is typically used when the dataset is large and too random.
2. The goal of unsupervised learning is to find hidden patterns or clusters in the data.
3. Supervised learning models use a labeled dataset to train the machine.
4. Classification models work with discrete datasets, whereas regression models predict continuous
values.
5. Neural Networks are able to extract data patterns automatically without needing the input of the
programmer.
6. Neural Networks are made up of layers of neurons, just like the human brain that consists of millions
of neurons.
7. An AI model in its training phase is capable of learning by recognizing patterns in data which is later
used to generate the desired output.
8. The layer present in-between input and output layers is called the hidden layer, which perform most
of the computations required by our network.

(State whether these statements are true or false)

1. A clustering algorithm is applied to group customers based on their purchase behavior. True
2. With AI, it's not possible for machines to learn from the experience. False
3. ANN is made up of two basic layers – Input and Output. False
4. A labelled dataset is the information which is tagged with identifiers of data. True
5. The data that is used to predict the model is called testing data. False
6. Association rule is used in supervised learning to label datasets. False
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Section B:(Short answer type questions)

1. Why is the rule-based approach considered static?
The rule-based approach is considered static because it relies on a set of pre-defined, human-
made rules that do not change or adapt on their own.

2. What is a major advantage of the learning-based approach over the rule-based approach?
The major advantage of the learning-based approach is its ability to adapt and improve over
time. Instead of relying on static rules, it learns patterns from data.

3. What is the primary difference between Clustering and Classification?

 Classification is a supervised learning task that assigns a data point to a pre-defined
category or label.
 Clustering is an unsupervised learning task that groups similar data points together into
clusters based on their inherent properties. It works with unlabelled data and the algorithm
discovers the groupings on its own.

4. Explain the term Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN).

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are a type of artificial neural network specifically
designed to analyze visual data like images and videos. They are named for their convolutional
layers, which act like a filter to automatically detect and extract features (e.g., edges, textures,
shapes) from the input data.

5. What do you mean by a Testing Dataset?

A testing dataset is a separate, independent set of data used to evaluate the final performance of
a trained AI model. The purpose is to provide an unbiased assessment of how well the model will
perform on new, real-world data, ensuring its predictions are reliable and accurate.

6. Name any four real-world applications of Neural Network.

o Image Recognition: Used in facial recognition, medical image analysis, and self-driving cars.
o Natural Language Processing (NLP): Powers chatbots, language translation, and sentiment
analysis.
o Financial Forecasting: Used to predict stock prices and detect fraudulent transactions.
o Medical Diagnosis: Helps in diagnosing diseases like cancer or diabetes by analyzing medical
data.

(Long answer type questions)

1. Explain the three basic layers of Artificial Neural Network.
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are structured in layers of interconnected "neurons." The
three basic types of layers are:
o Input Layer: This is the first layer of the network. It receives the raw data (features) from
the outside world.
o Hidden Layers: These are the layers between the input and output layers. They perform the
bulk of the computations. A network can have one or multiple hidden layers, which is why
it's called a deep neural network.
o Output Layer: This is the final layer of the network. It receives the processed information
from the last hidden layer and produces the final output.

2. Explain any four applications of machine learning in our daily lives.

o Recommendation Systems: Platforms like Netflix, Amazon, and Spotify use machine
learning to analyze your past behavior and recommend new content or products you might
like.
o Spam Filtering: Email services use machine learning algorithms to classify incoming emails
as either "spam" or "not spam" by learning from a vast number of examples.

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o Voice Assistants: Technologies like Siri, Alexa, and Google Assistant use machine learning,
specifically Natural Language Processing (NLP), to understand your voice commands and
respond appropriately.
o Fraud Detection: Financial institutions use machine learning to analyze transaction data in
real time. The models learn to identify unusual patterns that may indicate fraudulent
activity and flag them for review.

3. Differentiate between supervised and unsupervised learning models.

S. No Supervised Learning Unsupervised Learning
1. Uses labeled data (input and Uses unlabeled data (only input).
corresponding output).
2. To learn a mapping from input to To find hidden patterns, structures,
output to make predictions on new or groupings within the data.
data.
3. Classification and Regression. Clustering and Association.
4. The model is "supervised" by the The model operates independently to
labeled data to learn the correct discover information without a target
answer. variable.
5. Predicting house prices based on Grouping similar customers for
historical data with prices. marketing campaigns.

4. Explain the term association rule with the help of an example.

An association rule is a method used in unsupervised learning to discover interesting
relationships between variables in a large dataset. It's often used in Market Basket Analysis to
find which items are frequently bought together.
Example: A classic example is the "Diapers and Beer" rule. A retail store might analyze its
transaction data and find a strong association rule: "If a customer buys diapers, they are also
likely to buy beer." The store can then use this insight to place diapers and beer closer together
on the shelves to increase sales.

5. What is regression? Give an example.

Regression is a supervised learning task used to predict a continuous numerical value based on
input data. It aims to find a function that best describes the relationship between the input
variables and the output variable.
Example: Predicting house prices. A regression model could be trained on a dataset of houses
that includes features like size (square feet), number of bedrooms, and location. The model
would learn the relationship between these features and the final selling price. Once trained, it
can be given the features of a new house and predict its continuous selling price, such as
$350,000.

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Unit 3 - Evaluating Models

Section A (Objective Type Questions)
1. What is the primary purpose of model evaluation in machine learning?
b. To measure the model's performance and ensure it generalizes well to unseen data

2. Which evaluation technique involves dividing the dataset into training and testing subsets?
c. Train-test split

3. In which scenario is a model said to be "underfitting"?

a. The model performs poorly on both training and test sets

4. What is True Positive (TP) in the confusion matrix?

d. When the model predicts a positive value correctly

5. In a confusion matrix, the rows represent the _______________ values of the target variable.
c. Predicted

6. Which metric is most suitable when you want to minimize false positives?
b. Precision

7. Which of the following statements is true about F1 Score?

d. F1 score is the harmonic mean of precision and recall.

8. What does the recall metric measure in a classification problem?

b. The proportion of actual positive instances that were correctly identified

9. Which of the following is true about a confusion matrix?

a. The confusion matrix shows only the correct predictions of a model.

10. Which of this is a classification use case example?

b. Credit card fraud

11. A teacher's marks prediction system predicts the marks of a student as 75, but the actual marks
obtained by the student are 80. What is the absolute error in the prediction?
a. 5

12. How is the relationship between model performance and accuracy described?
d. Randomly fluctuating

(Fill in the blanks)

1. Overfitting occurs when a model performs well on the training data but poorly on test data because it
memorizes the training data instead of generalizing.
2. Precision is prioritized over recall when false negatives are more costly than false positives.
3. A Confusion Matrix is a tabular structure that helps in measuring the performance of an AI model
using the test data.
4. The target variable in a confusion matrix has two values: Positive and Negative.
5. The rows (x-axis) in the confusion matrix represent the predicted values of the target variable.
6. The F1 score is a number between 0 and 1 and is the harmonic mean of precision and recall.

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7. The ideal scenario is called optimal fit, where the model strikes the right balance between complexity
and simplicity, performing well on both training and test data.
8. The train test split technique is used to evaluate the performance of the model by dividing the dataset
into two subsets: a training subset and a testing subset.
9. Low error signifies precise and accurate prediction.
10. The model must achieve a balance of simplicity and complexity to perform optimally in real world
scenarios.

(Match the following)

1. Training Set → b. Used to train the model
2. Testing Set → a. Used to evaluate model performance
3. Overfitting → c. Model generalizes poorly to new data
4. Underfitting → d. Model fails to capture underlying patterns

(State whether these statements are true or false)

1. Accuracy is always the best metric to evaluate a classification model. False
2. A high recall means the model correctly identifies most of the actual positive cases. True
3. The training set is used to evaluate the model's performance on unseen data. False
4. The F1 Score is the harmonic mean of Precision and Recall. True
5. Overfitting occurs when a model performs well on the training data but poorly on new data. True

Section B (Short answer type questions)

1. What does classification refer to in machine learning?
Classification is a supervised learning task where an algorithm learns to categorize new data into
a pre-defined set of discrete categories or classes. For example, classifying an email as spam or
not spam, or categorizing an image as a "dog" or a "cat."

2. Can we use Accuracy all the time?

No, we cannot use accuracy all the time. While accuracy is a simple and intuitive metric, it can
be very misleading, especially when dealing with imbalanced datasets. In such cases, a model can
achieve high accuracy by simply predicting the majority class, but it would be useless for
identifying the minority class.

3. What is Precision in model evaluation, and why is it important in spam detection?

Precision measures the proportion of positive predictions that were correct. It answers the
question, "Of all the emails I classified as 'spam,' how many were actually spam?"
In spam detection, precision is very important because a false positive is highly undesirable.

4. How does the F1 Score help in evaluating a classification model?

The F1 Score is the harmonic mean of precision and recall. It's a single metric that provides a
balanced measure of a model's performance, especially when precision and recall are in conflict
or when dealing with imbalanced datasets.

5. Why is it important to split the dataset into training and testing sets?
Splitting the dataset is crucial method to ensure that the AI model can generalize well to new,
unseen data. The training set is used for the model to learn from, while the testing set provides
an unbiased evaluation of how the model performs.

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(Long answer type questions.)

1. Explain Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1 Score with examples. When should each metric be used?
 Accuracy: The proportion of total predictions that were correct.
o Formula: (TP+TN) / (TP+FP+FN+TN)
o Use Case: Best used for balanced datasets where all classes are equally important.
 Precision: The proportion of positive predictions that were actually correct.
o Formula: TP / (TP+FP)
o Use Case: Best used when the cost of a false positive is high, like in spam detection or
medical diagnoses, where you want to be highly confident in your positive predictions.
 Recall: The proportion of actual positive cases that were correctly identified.
o Formula: TP / (TP+FN)
o Use Case: Best used when the cost of a false negative is high, like in medical diagnosis
(missing a disease) or fraud detection (missing a fraudulent transaction).
 F1 Score: The harmonic mean of precision and recall.
o Formula: 2 * ((Precision * Recall) / (Precision + Recall))
o Use Case: Best used for imbalanced datasets or when you need a single metric that
balances both precision and recall.

2. Which metric is more important—Recall or Precision? Explain in detail.

The importance of recall versus precision depends entirely on the specific problem and the cost
associated with different types of errors. There is no single "more important" metric.
 Precision is more important when a false positive is more costly than a false negative.
 Recall is more important when a false negative is more costly than a false positive.

3. Describe the concept of overfitting and underfitting. How can they impact model evaluation, and how
can we prevent them?
 Overfitting: Occurs when a model is too complex and learns the noise and details of the
training data too well. It's like a student who memorizes test answers but doesn't understand
the concepts. Impact on Evaluation: Overfitting will be revealed by a large gap between the
model's high performance on the training set and its low performance on the test set.
 Underfitting: Occurs when a model is too simple and fails to capture the underlying patterns
of the data. It's like a student who doesn't study enough and fails the test. Impact on
Evaluation: Underfitting will be evident when the model's performance metrics are low on
both the training and test sets.

4. Why is model evaluation important in machine learning? Discuss different techniques used to evaluate
classification models.
Necessity of Evaluation: Model evaluation is crucial because it provides an objective measure of
how well a model is performing. It helps us:
 Assess Performance
 Compare Models
 Diagnose Problems
 Build Trust
Evaluation Techniques for Classification Models:
 Confusion Matrix: A table that summarizes the performance of a classification model.
 Train-Test Split: A fundamental technique where the dataset is split into a training set and a
testing set. This ensures the evaluation is unbiased.
 Metrics (Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 Score): These are numerical metrics derived from
the confusion matrix that provide specific insights into different aspects of the model's
performance.

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Unit 4 – Statistical Data

Section A: (Objective Type Questions)
1. Which of the following is one of the main domains of AI?
b. Data Science

2. What is the main purpose of Data Science?

b. To extract meaningful insights from data

3. What is the main thing that drives Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology?
d. Data

4. Which of the following is the main advantage of the Low/No-Code AI approach?

b. It allows people with limited technical skills to build AI models

5. What is an "event" in Probability?

a. The outcome of an experiment

6. What is the large area in the center where you create workflows by connecting different widgets
called?
b. Canvas

7. Which widget displays a table that compares predicted and actual class labels?
b. Confusion Matrix Widget

8. Which widget is used to reduce dimensionality and visualize high-dimensional data in 2D or 3D?
b. t-SNE Widget

9. Which of the following describes the process of replacing missing values with some form of estimate?
c. Imputation

10. Which of the following is a popular type of machine learning model used for making predictions?
d. Random Forest

(Short Answer Type Questions)

1. Name any three applications of data science.
 Predictive Analytics: Forecasting future trends or outcomes, such as sales predictions or
stock market analysis.
 Recommendation Systems: Used by platforms like Netflix and Amazon to suggest products
or content based on user behavior.
 Fraud Detection: Identifying and flagging fraudulent transactions in financial services.

2. Write a short note on Genetics and Genomics.

Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms. It focuses on
the function and effects of single genes. Genomics, on the other hand, is a broader field that
studies the entire set of genes (the genome) of an organism.

3. What do you understand by the term Data Widgets?

Data widgets are small, reusable components in a data analysis platform or a visual
programming environment (like Orange Data Mining). They perform specific functions like data
input, processing, visualization, or modeling. They are the building blocks used to create a
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workflow, allowing users to connect them to build and execute data analysis pipelines without
writing code.

4. What is an outlier in a dataset?

An outlier is a data point that is significantly different from other data points in a dataset. It is
an observation that lies an abnormal distance from other values in a random sample from a
population. Outliers can be caused by measurement errors, data entry mistakes, or they might
represent a true, but rare, variation in the data.

5. How does probability help us understand events?

Probability is a branch of mathematics that quantifies the likelihood of an event occurring. It
helps us understand events by providing a numerical measure (between 0 and 1) of their chance
of happening.

6. What is Lobe AI?

Lobe AI is a visual tool created by Microsoft that simplifies the process of building and training
custom machine learning models. It uses a no-code interface where users can train a model by
simply dragging and dropping images. Lobe automatically selects the right machine learning
architecture and starts training, making it easy for non-programmers to create models for tasks
like image classification.

7. What are some uses of Azure ML?

Azure Machine Learning (Azure ML) is a cloud-based service from Microsoft that helps data
scientists and developers build, train, deploy, and manage machine learning models. Its uses
include:
 Automated Machine Learning (AutoML): Automatically building and tuning models.
 Model Deployment: Deploying trained models as web services.
 MLOps: Managing the end-to-end machine learning lifecycle.
 Experimentation: Tracking and managing ML experiments.

8. Write any three features of Orange Data Mining.

 Visual Programming Interface: It uses a visual, drag-and-drop workflow system where users
connect widgets to create data analysis pipelines.
 Extensive Widget Library: It includes a wide range of widgets for data import,
preprocessing, visualization, modeling, and evaluation.
 Interactive Visualization: It offers powerful tools for visualizing data, such as scatter plots,
heatmaps, and tree views, that allow for interactive exploration.

9. Define Model Widgets.

Model widgets are a specific type of widget within visual data mining tools like Orange. They are
components that are used to build, train, and evaluate machine learning models. Examples
include widgets for Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, or Support Vector Machines. They take
preprocessed data as input and produce a trained model as output, which can then be used for
making predictions or for further analysis.

10. What is Google Cloud AutoML?

Google Cloud AutoML is a suite of machine learning products that enables developers with
limited ML expertise to train high-quality models specific to their business needs. It's a no-code
platform that automates the process of building, training, and deploying machine learning
models for tasks like image classification, object detection, and natural language processing. It is
designed to make powerful AI tools accessible to a broader audience.

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11. Write any three benefits of no-code tools.

 Accessibility: They make technology accessible to people without programming skills,
enabling a wider range of individuals to build applications and models.
 Speed: They significantly reduce development time, allowing users to create and deploy
solutions much faster than with traditional coding methods.
 Cost-Effectiveness: They can reduce the need for specialized developers, lowering the overall
cost of development and maintenance.

12. Write any two applications of data science.

 Healthcare: Data science is used to analyze patient data to predict disease outbreaks,
personalize treatment plans, and improve medical diagnoses.
 Marketing: It is used to analyze customer behavior and preferences to create targeted ad
campaigns, optimize pricing, and predict customer churn.

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Unit 7 – Advanced Python

Section A: (Objective Type Questions)
1. Which of the following is not a module of SciPy?
d. [Link]

2. What does the [Link] module primarily focus on?

c. Signal processing tasks such as filtering and spectral analysis

3. Which of the following is used to plot a line graph in Matplotlib?

c. [Link]()

4. Which function in Matplotlib is used to create a histogram?

a. [Link]()

5. In Matplotlib, which function would you use to add a title to your plot?
a. [Link]()

6. What does the Pandas function [Link] return?

d. The size of the DataFrame

7. What does the function [Link](10, 101, 10) do in NumPy?

b. Creates an array with values from 10 to 100 with a step of 10

8. Which of the following operator is used for floor division?

b. //

9. Which data type is used to store mobile number?

a. int

10. What is the output for the following code?

if True:
print(1001)
else:
print(2002)
a. 1001

11. Choose the correct option with respect to Python.

a. Both tuples and lists are mutable

12. A powerful tool for interactively developing and presenting Machine Learning projects with the help
of Python.
d. Jupyter (Specifically, Jupyter Notebooks.)

(Fill in the Blanks)

1. The sep parameter with print() gives a separator between the objects.
2. The reserved words in Python are called keywords.
3. The else statement is optional and if required can be only one in one if block.
4. Input() is used to take input from the user.
5. A variable is a name given to a memory location to hold a specific value.

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6. Arithmetic operators which take the value of the operand on the right side, perform an operation and
assign a new value to the operand on the left side. (This is a description of assignment operators, but
based on the provided options, it seems to be related to arithmetic operations.)
7. The floor division and modulo are used for division in Arithmetic operators.
8. Python got its name from Monty Python.
9. The linalg module in SciPy focuses on operations related to linear algebra, such as matrix factorization
and eigenvalue problems.
10. To install SciPy in Python, you need to use the command pip install scipy.
11. To create a vertical bar chart, you can use the function [Link]() in Matplotlib.
12. The function [Link]() is used to specify the values of the y-axis in Matplotlib.
13. To create a Series using a Python list, the code will be [Link]([list]).
14. Missing data, represented as NaN is easily and efficiently handled, regardless of data type.
A NumPy array can have multiple dimensions, where a two-dimensional array is called a matrix.

(State whether these statements are true or false)

1. Python is free and open source. True
2. Datatype of '12' is integer. False
3. Dictionary is a combination of key: value. True
4. String can be enclosed in single or double quotes. True
5. Set is an immutable, ordered collection of values. False
6. Boolean is a data type with two built-in values. True
7. The [Link] module is used for fast Fourier transforms and related operations for spectral
analysis. True
8. SciPy is built on the NumPy extension of Python, which provides support for multi-dimensional arrays
and matrices. True
9. In Matplotlib, the scatter function plots data using a line graph. False
10. The marker parameter in Matplotlib's plot function allows you to change the shape of the data. True
11. The count() function in Pandas Series returns the total number of elements including the missing ones.
False
12. In Pandas, rows can be deleted using the drop() method. True
13. The [Link](10, size=(3,4)) function generates a 3x4 matrix filled with random integers.
False
14. In NumPy, the function [Link]() can be used to sort a 1D array or multi-dimensional array. True

Section B: (Short Answer Type Questions)

1. Find out the errors in the given code.
a. "abc"=name
Error: You cannot assign a value to a string literal. It should be name = "abc".
b. print("hello class)
Error: The closing quote is missing. It should be print("hello class").
c. n=input(enter a number)
Error: The prompt string for input() needs to be in quotes. It should be n = input("enter a
number").
d. n1=10,n2=20
No Error: This is a valid way to assign multiple variables.
e. 20/10=a
Error: You cannot assign a value to an expression. It should be a = 20 / 10.
f. a+b=c
Error: You cannot assign a value to an expression. It should be c = a + b.
g. num=int(input(enter your name))
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 Artificial Intelligence Class 10

Error: The prompt string needs to be in quotes. It should be num = int(input("enter your
name")).

2. Give the output of the given statements.

a. print(12> 9 and 10 >= 20) print(True and False) -> False
b. print(int(False)+10) print(0+10) -> 10
c. print(12/2+2) print(6.0+2) -> 8.0
d. print('5'+'10') 510 (String concatenation)
e. print(12*3*((10*2)-8)/5) print(36 * ((20)-8)/5) -> print(36 * 12/5) -> print(432/5) -> 86.4
f. print(-12//3) -5

3. Which of the following identifiers are invalid? Give reasons.

a. else: Invalid. else is a reserved keyword in Python.
d. class1: Valid.
b. My house: Invalid. Identifiers cannot contain spaces.
e. firstname: Valid.
c. #number: Invalid. The # symbol is used for comments and is not allowed in identifiers.
f. Full Name: Invalid. Identifiers cannot contain spaces.
g. Rollno: Valid.

4. What is the purpose of the [Link] module in SciPy, and name one function it provides?
The [Link] module provides algorithms for minimizing or maximizing objective
functions, and for solving optimization problems. One function it provides is minimize(), which
finds the minimum of a scalar function of one or more variables.

5. What is the purpose of the [Link]() function in Matplotlib?

The purpose of the [Link]() function is to get or set the current tick locations and labels of the
x-axis. You can use it to customize the values displayed along the x-axis, such as changing their
frequency, location, or formatting the labels to be more readable.

6. What is the difference between a NumPy array and a Python list in terms of memory efficiency and
mathematical operations?
 Memory Efficiency: NumPy arrays are significantly more memory-efficient than Python
lists. They store data of a single, uniform type in a contiguous block of memory, which
reduces overhead. Python lists, on the other hand, store pointers to objects, which can be
scattered across memory, making them less efficient for large datasets.
 Mathematical Operations: NumPy arrays are designed for fast vectorized mathematical
operations. They allow you to perform element-wise operations on entire arrays without
needing explicit loops, which is much faster. Python lists do not have built-in support for
these operations, so performing math on all elements requires an explicit loop, which is a
slower process.

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Part A
Unit 1 – Communication Skills - II
Section A: (Objective Type Questions)
1. Which of these is not a common communication barrier?
d. Organisational barrier

2. Which of these are ways to overcome communication barriers?

a. Respecting cultural differences

3. In which communication, exact words and facts are used?

b. Concise

4. Physical barriers are due to...

d. Both a and b

5. ______ is a word that joins words, phrases, clauses or sentences together.

b. Conjunction

6. The difference in message can lead to...

d. both a and b (negativity and confusion)

7. ______ is important to understand the language well to help you construct good sentences for effective
communication.
b. Principle of Clarity in Ideas

8. Sometimes different time zones will create problems in connectivity. Which type of communication
barrier is this?
a. Physical Barrier

9. Which of the following is an important step that helps in collection of information from the receiver?
c. Feedback

10. The message intended to be delivered through communication should be clear and in understandable
format. Which of the following is related to this statement?
c. 7Cs in effective communication

11. Which of these is an imperative sentence?

b. Sheila has gone to the market.

12. Which of the following statement is true about communication?

a. 50% of our communication is non-verbal

(Fill in the Blanks)

1. Active listening is the act of sharing or exchanging information, ideas or feelings.
2. Verbal communication gets the message and interprets it into meaningful information.
3. Written communication happens in the absence of written or spoken words.
4. Effective communication plays a very important role in the personal and professional development of
a person.

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 Artificial Intelligence Class 10

5. Decoding is the interpretation of the message delivered by the sender.

6. Feedback works as an indicator to ensure a successful transmission of the message.
7. Feedback completes the whole process of communication.
8. Feedback is a very powerful tool for students in achieving successful learning.
9. Negative feedback does not contain detailed analysis and description.
10. The inability to communicate using a language is known as a linguistic barrier.

(State True or False)

1. We should use Acronyms and Jargons for verbal communication. False
2. Feedback makes communication a two-way process. True
3. Facial Expression is not important for effective communication. False
4. Be a good listener and nod in between while listening. True
5. Offended language and tone should be used in feedback. False
6. Feedback gives way to new ideas to improve the process of communication. True
7. Body language is a very important part of non-verbal communication. True
8. Feedback has to be instant for an effective communication. True
9. Visual Communication is time consuming process. False
10. Formal feedback is a very fast process. True

Section B: (Short Answer Type Questions)

1. What do you understand by verbal communication? Give examples where it is more effective.
Verbal communication is the use of spoken words to share information. It includes face-to-face
conversations, speeches, and phone calls.

2. Explain any three skills for mastering verbal communication.

 Clear Speech: Speak clearly and at a moderate pace. Avoid mumbling.
 Active Listening: Pay full attention to the speaker, understand their message, and provide
appropriate feedback.
 Use of Appropriate Language: Tailor your words to your audience. Avoid jargon with people
who may not understand it.

3. What is feedback? Give proper examples.

Feedback is the response or reaction from the receiver to the sender, confirming that the message
was received and understood. It's what makes communication a two-way street.
Example 1: A teacher says, "Great work on your essay, your argument was very strong!"
(Positive feedback).
Example 2: A customer says, "The food was a bit too salty." (Corrective feedback).

4. Differentiate between negative and positive feedback.

Positive feedback is encouraging and focuses on what was done well. It motivates the person to
continue with good performance. (Example: "You explained the concept perfectly.")
Negative feedback, also known as constructive or corrective feedback, focuses on what can be
improved. It points out mistakes to help the person learn. (Example: "Your presentation had too
many slides; try to summarize your points next time.")

5. What is a Cultural barrier?

A cultural barrier is a communication problem that arises due to differences in cultural norms,
values, beliefs, and communication styles. For example, a gesture that is polite in one culture
might be offensive in another, leading to a misunderstanding.

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 Artificial Intelligence Class 10

6. What is the purpose of an active sentence?

The purpose of an active sentence is to make writing clear and direct. In an active sentence, the
subject performs the action. This structure is easy to understand and makes the communication
more powerful. (Example: "The dog chased the ball" is active and clearer than "The ball was
chased by the dog.")

7. What is the use of articles in a sentence?

Articles (a, an, the) are words used before a noun to define whether it's specific or general.
'A' and 'An' are indefinite articles used for a non-specific or general item. ("I want a
sandwich.")
'The' is a definite article used for a specific or already-mentioned item. ("Please pass me the
book on the table.")

8. What is the difference between direct and indirect objects?

The direct object is the person or thing that receives the action of the verb.
The indirect object is the person or thing for whom or to whom the action is done.
Example: "She gave him (indirect object) the book (direct object)."

9. Why Parts of speech play an important role in English language?

Parts of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.) are the fundamental building blocks of a
sentence. They provide structure and meaning, helping us understand how words relate to each
other. Without them, sentences would be jumbled and incomprehensible.

10. Differentiate between a noun and a pronoun.

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. (Example: "Rohan," "school,"
"table.")
A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun to avoid repetition. (Example: "he," "she,"
"it.")

(Long answer type questions)

1. Communication skills are very important for any business. Explain any two elements of a
communication process.
Communication skills are crucial in business for building relationships, resolving conflicts, and
ensuring everyone works towards a common goal. Two key elements of the communication
process are the Sender and the Receiver.
 Sender: This is the person who originates the message. They decide what information to
share and how to encode it. For effective communication, the sender must be clear about
their purpose and choose the right channel to send the message.
 Receiver: This is the person who gets the message. Their role is to decode the message and
provide feedback. For communication to be successful, the receiver must actively listen and
understand the message as intended by the sender.

2. Write down the common communication barriers you may come across when you move to a new
school in a new country.
Moving to a new school in a new country can involve several communication barriers. These
include:
 Linguistic Barriers: You may struggle to understand the local language or have a different
accent, making it hard to express yourself or understand others. People speaking different
languages

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 Artificial Intelligence Class 10

 Cultural Barriers: Gestures, social norms, and even the way people express emotions can be
different. A gesture that is polite in your culture might be seen as rude in the new one.
 Physical Barriers: Differences in time zones may affect communication with family and
friends back home. The noise or physical environment in a new classroom might also make it
difficult to focus and listen.
 Emotional Barriers: Feeling nervous, anxious, or lonely in a new place can make you less
willing to engage in conversations and build new relationships.

3. Explain any three principles of effective communication.

 Clarity: The message should be clear and easy to understand. Avoid jargon, complicated
sentences, and vague language.
 Conciseness: Get straight to the point without unnecessary words. A concise message saves
time and avoids confusion.
 Correctness: The information in the message should be accurate and free of grammatical or
spelling errors. Errors can make you seem unprofessional and can confuse the receiver.

4. Explain the steps followed in the process of giving feedback.

Giving effective feedback involves a clear process to ensure it is helpful and well-received. The
steps are:
 Be Specific: Instead of saying, "Good job," say, "Your presentation was very clear, and the
data you used was well-researched."
 Be Timely: Give feedback soon after the event, while the details are still fresh in everyone's
mind.
 Focus on Behavior, Not Personality: Talk about the action or behavior that needs to be
changed, not the person's character. Instead of saying, "You are lazy," say, "I noticed you
didn't meet the deadline for this task."
 Offer Solutions: Don't just point out a problem; provide suggestions on how to improve. For
example, "Next time, try to create a timeline to manage your work better."

5. What are organisational barriers? Give two examples.

Organisational barriers are problems in communication that arise from the way an organization
is structured or managed. These barriers often lead to misunderstandings, delays, and a lack of
coordination.
Example 1: In a large company with many layers of management, a message may have to pass
through several people before reaching its destination.
Example 2: When the rules and roles within a company are not clearly defined, employees may
not know who to communicate with or how to get information, leading to confusion and
frustration.

6. You want to appear confident and enthusiastic about your topic. Describe how you would use three
different types of non-verbal communication to achieve this goal.
Non-verbal communication is key to conveying confidence and enthusiasm.
 Body Language: Stand up straight with your shoulders back. Use open hand gestures to
show you are relaxed and confident. Avoid fidgeting or crossing your arms, which can make
you look nervous or defensive.
 Facial Expressions: Smile and maintain eye contact with your audience. A friendly,
enthusiastic expression shows you are passionate about the topic. Avoid a blank stare or
frowning.
 Vocal Tone: Speak with a confident, strong voice. Vary your pitch and speed to make your
speech more engaging. A monotonous tone can make you sound bored, while a higher pitch
can convey excitement.

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 Artificial Intelligence Class 10

7. Draw and write in short about any five common signs used for Visual Communication. *
1. Traffic Signals: These are a universal form of visual communication. A green light means
"go," a yellow light means "slow down," and a red light means "stop." They help regulate
traffic flow and ensure safety.
2. No Smoking Sign: This sign, a crossed-out cigarette, is understood globally to mean that
smoking is not allowed in a certain area.
3. Crosswalk Sign: This sign shows a person walking and tells drivers to watch for pedestrians
crossing the street.
4. Recycling Symbol: The three chasing arrows form a loop, indicating that a product or
material can be recycled.
5. Warning Signs: A triangle with an exclamation mark or a specific symbol (e.g., a skull for
poison) visually alerts people to potential danger.

8. Differentiate between (Give examples also):

a. Encoding and Decoding a message
 Encoding: The process of turning thoughts and ideas into a message. It involves choosing
the right words, images, or gestures to convey the information.
Example: A manager wants to praise an employee. They encode the message by writing an
email that says, "Your work on the latest project was excellent."
 Decoding: The process of interpreting the message and understanding its meaning. The
receiver uses their knowledge and context to make sense of the message.
Example: The employee receives the email and decodes it, understanding that their
manager is happy with their work.
b. Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication
 Verbal Communication: The use of spoken or written words to share information.
Example: A phone call, a text message, or a conversation with a friend.
 Non-Verbal Communication: The use of body language, facial expressions, gestures, and
tone of voice to share information. It often conveys more meaning than words alone.
Example: Waving to say hello, smiling to show happiness, or crossing your arms to show
you are upset.
c. Visual communication
 Visual Communication: The use of images, signs, and graphics to convey a message. It's an
efficient way to communicate complex information quickly.
Example: A road sign, an infographic showing data, or a logo for a company.

9. Give two advantages and disadvantages of:

a. Verbal communication
 Advantages: It's fast and allows for immediate feedback. You can quickly clarify
misunderstandings and adapt your message on the spot.
 Disadvantages: It can be misinterpreted due to tone or accent, and there is no permanent
record of what was said.
b. Non-verbal communication
 Advantages: It can convey emotions and feelings more effectively than words. It also helps
to reinforce verbal messages.
 Disadvantages: It is often unconscious, and the meaning can vary greatly between cultures,
leading to misunderstandings.
c. Visual communication
 Advantages: It crosses language barriers and can communicate complex information
quickly and efficiently.
 Disadvantages: It can be misinterpreted if the symbols are not universally understood, and
it lacks the detail that can be provided through verbal or written communication.

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 Artificial Intelligence Class 10

10. What are the three parts of the sentence? Explain with examples.
The three main parts of a simple sentence are the Subject, Verb, and Object.
 Subject: The person, place, or thing that is performing the action.
Example: The boy kicked the ball.
 Verb: The action being performed by the subject.
Example: The boy kicked the ball.
 Object: The person, place, or thing that receives the action of the verb.
Example: The boy kicked the ball.

11. What is a paragraph? What are the rules for writing a paragraph?
A paragraph is a group of sentences that are all related to a single, main idea. It is a fundamental
unit of writing that helps to organize thoughts.
Rules for writing a paragraph:
 Topic Sentence: Start with a topic sentence that clearly states the main idea of the
paragraph.
 Cohesion: All sentences in the paragraph must support the main idea presented in the topic
sentence.
 Unity: The paragraph should focus on one central theme. Avoid introducing new or
unrelated ideas.
 Proper Flow: Use transition words (e.g., "first," "then," "finally") to connect sentences
and make the paragraph easy to read.
 Concluding Sentence: End with a sentence that summarizes the main idea or provides a
smooth transition to the next paragraph.

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 Artificial Intelligence Class 10

Unit 3 ICT Skills - II

Section A: (Objective Type Questions)
1. Which of the following refers to an unwanted and unsolicited message?
a. Spam
2. What is the term used when you press and hold the left mouse button and move the mouse around?
b. Dragging
3. To open temp folder, type _________ in Run dialog box.
b. %temp%
4. A firewall can be _______
d. All of these (Software only, Hardware only, Electronic devices)
5. Which of the following is an antivirus?
d. All of these (Norton Antivirus, Quick Heal, McAfee Virus Scan)
6. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Virus is a part of software.

(Fill in the blanks)

1. Any data in the computer is stored in the form of a file.
2. File is made up of two parts filename and extension.
3. Shortcut allows quick access to a file.
4. Similar types of files can be placed into a folder.
5. A computer virus replicates on its own and can easily spread to other computers through the network.
6. Regular maintenance is a practice and the procedures to be followed that helps in keeping the
computer software and hardware updated and in a good state of working.
7. Backup is the process of creating a copy of the data somewhere.
8. Disk cleanup utility programs remove all unnecessary files and information that slows down the
computer.

(State whether these statements are true or false)

1. Windows 11 is an operating system developed by Microsoft. True
2. A virus can increase the performance of your computer. False
3. Data backup is not a necessary part of maintenance. False
4. SPAM may bring malicious code. True
5. Computer is just a machine that needs regular updates and maintenance to perform at its best. False
6. Data protection is safeguarding your data from data damage. True

Section B: (Short answer type questions)

1. What is mobile operating system?
A mobile operating system is the software that allows smartphones, tablets, and other mobile
devices to run applications and functions. Examples include Android and iOS.

2. What is the difference between a file and a folder?

A file is a single unit of data, like a document, picture, or song. A folder is a container used to
store and organize multiple files. Think of a file as a single paper and a folder as a physical folder
you use to keep those papers organized.

3. What is utility software?

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 Artificial Intelligence Class 10

Utility software is a type of system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize, or
maintain a computer. Examples include antivirus programs, disk cleanup tools, and file
compression software.

4. Give the steps to delete the temporary files in your computer.

To delete temporary files, you can use the Disk Cleanup utility.
1. Open the Run dialog box by pressing the Windows key + R.
2. Type clean and press Enter.
3. Select the drive you want to clean (usually C:) and click OK.
4. In the new window, check the box for "Temporary files" and any other files you want to
delete.
5. Click OK and then "Delete Files" to confirm.

5. Give three different ways to keep the hardware components clean.

 Use a microfiber cloth: Gently wipe down the monitor, keyboard, and mouse to remove dust
and fingerprints.
 Use compressed air: Blow dust out of the vents and fans of your computer tower or laptop.
This prevents overheating.
 Clean the keyboard with a soft brush: Use a small, soft brush to sweep away crumbs and
dust from between the keys.

6. Why is data backup important?

Data backup is important because it protects your information from being lost due to hardware
failure, accidental deletion, cyber-attacks, or natural disasters. By having a copy of your data,
you can restore it if the original is lost or corrupted.

(Long answer type questions)

1. What is a computer virus? Explain its types.
A computer virus is a malicious software program that can attach itself to other programs and
replicate. It spreads from one computer to another, disrupting the normal operation of a
computer system without the user's knowledge.
Types of viruses:
 Boot Sector Virus: This virus infects the boot sector of a hard drive or removable storage
device.
 Macro Virus: These viruses infect programs that use macros, like Microsoft Word and Excel.
 File Virus: This is the most common type. It infects executable files (like .exe, .com) and
spreads when the user runs the infected program.
 Worms: Unlike other viruses, worms can replicate themselves without attaching to another
program.
 Trojan Horse: This is a harmful program disguised as a useful application.

2. Mention any four steps to avoid spam emails.

Spam emails are unsolicited messages, often for advertising or scams. To avoid them, you can:
 Use a spam filter: Most email services have built-in spam filters. Make sure they are turned
on and functioning.
 Be careful with your email address: Avoid posting your email address in public forums or
websites.
 Do not open or respond to spam: Opening a spam email confirms to the sender that your
address is active.

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 Artificial Intelligence Class 10

 Use a temporary email address: For online forms or services you don't fully trust, use a
disposable or temporary email address to protect your main inbox.

3. What are the different reasons for security break in a computer system?
A security breach in a computer system happens when unauthorized people gain access to data
or systems. Common reasons for this include:
 Malware and Viruses: Malicious software like viruses, Trojans, and spyware can be used by
hackers to steal information or take control of a computer.
 Weak Passwords: Using simple, predictable passwords makes it easy for hackers to guess
and gain access to your accounts.
 Phishing: This is a type of social engineering where attackers trick you into revealing
personal information. They often send emails that look like they're from a trusted company
to get you to click on a malicious link or enter your login details.
 Outdated Software: Software that isn't regularly updated can have security vulnerabilities
that hackers can exploit. Manufacturers release updates to patch these weaknesses, so it's
important to keep your system and applications current.

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 Artificial Intelligence Class 10

Unit 5 – Green Skills- II

(Section A: Objective Type Questions)
1. In which year SDGs were launched at the United Nations General Assembly?
c. 2015

2. Which of the following activities help to conserve the environment?

d. All of these (Organic farming, Rainwater harvesting, Vermi-composting)

3. Which of the following is not included in sustainable development?

a. Green grassy patches and trees to be interspersed between concrete buildings

4. Major problems related to sustainable development is/are.

d. All of these (Food, Fuel, Water)

(Fill in the blanks)

1. Sustainable development is the development that satisfies the needs of the present without
compromising the capacity of future generations.
2. Solar energy is an example of affordable and clean energy.
3. The UNDP was given the task of coordinating SDGs in India.
4. The Namami Gange Mission—a policy towards achieving the SDG 6.
5. Organic farming is encouraged by the government of India.

(Match the following)

1. No poverty a. Goal 1
2. Life on land e. Goal 15
3. Gender equality c. Goal 5
4. Decent work & economic growth b. Goal 8
5. Sustainable cities d. Goal 11

(State whether these statements are true or false)

1. SDGs are facing challenges all over the world. True
2. Protecting labour rights, end to slavery and child labour is also a big concern of SDG. True
3. Illiteracy is not a problem to be considered in SDG. False
4. World peace is not a global challenge. False
5. The Sustainable Development Goals are also known as the Global Targets. True

(Section B: Short answer type questions)

1. Name any five SDGs.
SDG 1: No Poverty
SDG 2: Zero Hunger
SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being
SDG 4: Quality Education
SDG 13: Climate Action

2. List any two challenges to fulfil SDGs.

1. Lack of Funding: Many developing countries do not have enough money to implement the
large-scale projects needed to meet the SDGs.
2. Social and Political Instability: Conflicts, wars, and weak governments can disrupt
development efforts and make it impossible to work on goals like education or poverty
reduction.
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 Artificial Intelligence Class 10

3. List down three importance of sustainable development.

1. Environmental Protection: It helps protect natural resources, ecosystems, and the
environment for future generations.
2. Economic Growth: It promotes economic growth that is inclusive and provides opportunities
for everyone, not just a few.
3. Social Equality: It aims to reduce inequality and ensure that all people have access to basic
needs like clean water, education, and healthcare.

4. What is the aim of the member countries of the United Nations in implementing sustainable goals?
The aim of the United Nations' member countries in implementing sustainable goals is to achieve
a better and more sustainable future for everyone. This includes ending poverty, protecting the
planet, and ensuring that all people enjoy peace and prosperity by 2030.

5. What does sustainable development teach us about the use of resources?

Sustainable development teaches us to use resources wisely and responsibly. It highlights the
importance of using resources in a way that meets our needs today without taking away the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This means using renewable resources
instead of non-renewable ones and reducing waste.

(Long answer type questions)

1. What are the initiatives of India in sustainable development?
India has taken several important initiatives for sustainable development.
 The Swachh Bharat Mission (Clean India Mission): This program aims to improve
sanitation and cleanliness across the country by building toilets and promoting waste
management.
 The Namami Gange Programme: This is an effort to clean and protect the River Ganga.
 Smart Cities Mission: This initiative focuses on developing cities that are environmentally
friendly, economically viable, and have a high quality of life.
 National Solar Mission: India has been promoting the use of solar energy to reduce its
reliance on fossil fuels.

2. What are the problems related to sustainable development?

Sustainable development faces several challenges.
 Population Growth: The rapid increase in population puts a strain on resources like food
and water.
 Poverty: People living in poverty often cannot afford to use environmentally friendly
methods and may have to rely on unsustainable practices to survive.
 Climate Change: Global warming is a huge threat to sustainable development. It leads to
natural disasters, loss of biodiversity, and a decrease in agricultural productivity.
 Lack of awareness: Many people are not aware of the importance of sustainable practices,
which makes it hard to change behavior on a large scale.

3. Explain the aim of SDG 14 and SDG 15.

 SDG 14: Life Below Water: The aim of this goal is to conserve and sustainably use the
oceans, seas, and marine resources. This includes reducing marine pollution, protecting
marine and coastal ecosystems, and ending overfishing to ensure that marine life can thrive.
 SDG 15: Life on Land: The aim is to protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of land
ecosystems. This involves managing forests sustainably, fighting desertification, and stopping
biodiversity loss. The goal is to ensure that the earth's natural habitats are preserved for
future generations.

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 Artificial Intelligence Class 10

4. How has unrestrained development in the last two decades affected the environment?
Unrestrained development in the last two decades has had a major negative impact on the
environment.
 Increased Pollution: Industrialization and the use of fossil fuels have led to higher levels of
air and water pollution. This causes health problems and damages ecosystems.
 Climate Change: The burning of fossil fuels for energy has released large amounts of
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, leading to global warming and extreme weather
events.
 Loss of Biodiversity: As cities expand and forests are cut down for development, many
animal and plant species lose their habitats and face extinction.
 Depletion of Resources: The rapid use of non-renewable resources like coal and oil has led to
their depletion.

5. Name any three sustainable goals which you think are relevant to your country. What should the
country do in order to implement these?
This answer is based on the general context of India as the user is from India, based on the
context provided. The user can adapt this for their own country.
1. SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation: This goal is highly relevant to India, as many people
still lack access to clean drinking water and proper sanitation facilities.
2. What India should do: The government should invest more in building water treatment
plants, a better sanitation infrastructure, and educate people on hygiene.
3. SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy: India has a growing energy demand and a lot of
sunlight. This makes solar power a very relevant goal.
4. What India should do: The government should provide incentives for solar power, invest in
solar research, and make it easier for people to install solar panels at home.
5. SDG 13: Climate Action: India is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, such as
floods and droughts.
6. What India should do: The country should promote renewable energy sources, discourage
the use of fossil fuels, and build infrastructure that is resilient to extreme weather.

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