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Intake and Exhaust System Overview

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7 views16 pages

Intake and Exhaust System Overview

Uploaded by

aw0440716
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

090233 RESOURCE Intake & Exhaust O/V MT 1/16

RESOURCE
Intake and Exhaust System Overview

Table of Contents

„ Intake System Overview

„ Major Components of Intake System

„ Intake Control Systems

„ Exhaust System Overview

„ Exhaust System Major Components

„ Emission Control System


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„ Intake System Overview

The intake system supplies each cylinder with the air that is required for combustion.
Outside air initially enters a port that is located in or near the engine compartment. From
there, it passes through a duct to the air cleaner, which removes dust and other foreign
matter.

With a carbureted engine, air emerging from the air cleaner passes to the carburetor, which
mixes it with fuel and supplies the resulting air/fuel mixture to the cylinders via the intake
manifold.

With a fuel-injected engine (except dual point injection engines), air emerging from the air
cleaner passes through the throttle body, intake manifold chamber, and intake manifold
before reaching the intake ports of the cylinders, where it flows into the cylinders together
with injected fuel.

1
3

6
5 4

1 Intake port
2 Fuel injector
3 Air cleaner
4 Throttle body
5 Intake manifold
chamber
6 Intake manilfold
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(Cont’d.)

The most important components of the intake system are the air cleaner and intake manifold
and the duct arrangement that connects them together. With a carbureted engine, the
carburetor is connected between the air cleaner and intake manifold. With a fuel-injected
engine, the throttle body and intake manifold chamber are connected instead of a carburetor
and fuel injectors are located near the intake manifold outlets.

In addition, the intake system is fitted with a variety of auxiliary devices that ensure optimum
air intake under all operating conditions.

NOTE:
For details of carburetors and fuel injection systems, you will study in the relevant modules.

Intake manifold

Air cleaner (ACL)

Resonator
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„ Major Components of Intake System

Air Cleaner

The air cleaner (ACL) consists of a housing and an element. As intake air passes through
the air cleaner, the element removes dirt and other foreign matter from it. Honda utilizes wet-
type paper filter elements. This type of element consists of filter paper that is slightly
impregnated with oil. The oil enhances the paper’s ability to attract and hold dirt. The
element becomes clogged during use, so it must be replaced periodically.

ACL housing cover

ACL housing
ACL element
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Intake Manifold

The intake manifold is a pipe arrangement that connects the carburetor (or throttle body) with
the intake ports of the cylinder head. It divides the flow of air and directs it toward each
intake port.

With a fuel-injected engine, the intake manifold chamber is fitted just before the point where
the pipes diverge. This arrangement ensures that an equal amount of air is supplied to each
cylinder. Also, injectors are fitted near the manifold outlets. These inject fuel toward the
intake ports such that the fuel is drawn into the cylinders together with the intake air.

Intake manifold for carbureted engine

Carburetor insulator
Gasket

Intake
manifold
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(Cont’d.)
Intake manifold for fuel-injection engine

Intake manifold chamber

Throttle body

Intake manifold

Cylinder head

Injector

Intake manifold
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Resonator

The resonator is fitted in the air pipe before the air cleaner. It reduces intake noise using a
resonance effect.

Air cleaner

Air intake duct

Resonator
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„ Intake Control Systems

Intake Air Temperature Control System

With a carbureted engine, the intake air temperature control system optimizes the
temperature of air entering the cylinders.

When the engine is started in cold condition, the check valve is opened by the manifold
vacuum. The vacuum is then applied to the air control diaphragm and it pulls the control
door. This opens the hot air intake duct, and the air warmed by the heat of the exhaust
manifold is introduced into the air cleaner housing.

As the temperature in the air cleaner housing rises, the air bleed valve operated by a bimetal
is warmed and it starts to open at around 28 deg.C. When the air bleed valve opens, the
vacuum from the intake manifold escapes through this valve and it is no longer applied to the
diaphragm. The hot air intake duct is closed and the air from the inlet of the air cleaner
housing is now supplied to the housing.

A fixed orifice is provided before the check valve. This prevents rapid pressure changes and
allows smooth operation of the control door.

Air temperature in air cleaner below approx 28°C Air temperature in air cleaner above approx 28°C

Exhaust manifold

Fixed
orifice
Check
valve
Air bleed
valve

Air control
diaphragm
Hot air
intake duct

Air control diaphram Air bleed valve

Hot air To intake


intake duct manifold
Fixed
Check valve orifice
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Intake Control System

The intake control system reduces intake noise and enhances engine performance. The air
intake duct consists of primary and secondary passages, and the secondary passage is
opened and closed as required. This system is used in the 1997 Prelude. It operates as
follows:
• At low engine speeds, the secondary passage closed to reduce intake noise.
• At high engine speeds, the secondary passage is opened to boost the intake air rate and
thereby enhance the engine’s output.

Intake control
diaphragm

Secondary
Intake manifold Primary
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Intake Air Bypass Control System

The intake air bypass (IAB) control system enhances output in all engine speed ranges. The
intake manifold consists of primary and secondary passages, which have different lengths
and diameters, and the secondary passage is opened and closed as required. This system
is used in the 1997 Prelude. It operates as follows:

• At low engine speeds, only the primary passage, which is long and has a small diameter,
is used. Thus, the intake air flow velocity is increased and intake inertia is utilized to
enhance torque.

• At high engine speeds, the primary passage is supplemented by the secondary passage,
which is short and has a large diameter. Thus, the intake air volume is boosted, resulting
in greater power.

Bypass control diaphragm

Bypass valve
Intake manifold

IAB valve

IAB control diaphragm


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Chamber Volume Control System

The chamber volume control system enhances power in all engine speed ranges. In this
system, the intake manifold chamber contains three valves (two bypass-Lo control valves
and one bypass-Hi control valve). These valves are opened and closed electronically in
three patterns to optimize air intake conditions at low, mid-range, and high engine speeds.
This operation increases the cylinder charging efficiency and thus enhances engine
performance. This system is used in the Legend.

Bypass Lo control diaphragm

Bypass Lo control valve


Bypass Hi control
diaphragm

Bypass Hi control valve


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(Cont’d.)

The system operates as follows:

• At low engine speeds: Both types of valve are closed.

• At mid-range engine speeds: The bypass-Lo control valves are opened, reducing the
length of the intake passage.

• At high engine speeds: The bypass-Hi control valve is additionally opened, causing the
manifold chamber arrangement to function as a single, large chamber.

At low speeds

2 2
3

1 4

2 5
1 Intake air
5
2 Bypass Lo control valve
3 Bypass Hi control diaphragm
4 Bypass Lo control diaphragm
5 Bypass Lo control valve

At mid speeds At high speeds


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Manifold Absolute Pressure Sensor

The Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor is connected to the intake manifold and
enables detection of the intake air volume. Signals from the MAP sensor are fed to the
electronic control unit for use in a variety of control functions.

Manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor


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„ Exhaust System Overview

An engine’s exhaust system collects burned gases from the cylinders and smoothly
discharges them outside the vehicle. Gases from the cylinders are directed toward the
exhaust pipe by the exhaust manifold. Before being released to the atmosphere, they pass
through a muffler, which serves to reduce exhaust noise. To cleanse the exhaust gases, the
exhaust pipe may incorporate a three-way catalytic converter. It may also incorporate an
exhaust temperature sensor, oxygen sensor, and other devices.

3
4

7 5

1 Exhaust manifold
2 HO2S
3 TWC
6 4 Muffler
5 Exhaust pipe tip
6 Exhaust pipe B
7 Exhaust pipe A
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„ Exhaust System Major Components

Exhaust Manifold

The exhaust manifold connects the exhaust ports in the cylinder head and directs exhaust
gases from the cylinders toward the exhaust pipe. (Some engines have two exhaust pipes.)
The lengths and connection arrangements of the pipes in the exhaust manifold are devised
to enable a smooth, efficient flow of gases without interference between exhaust pulses from
different cylinders.

Most exhaust manifolds are made of cast iron. However, stainless steel is used for the
exhaust manifolds of certain vehicle models. A stainless steel exhaust manifold is relatively
light. Also, it has a smoother inside surface, which reduces exhaust resistance and enables
a smoother flow of gases.

Cover
Exhaust manifold

Stainless steel exhaust


manifold
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Exhaust Pipe

The exhaust pipe carries exhaust gases from the exhaust manifold to the exhaust muffler,
which is fitted at the rear of the vehicle. It may incorporate emission control system
components (see the relevant modules for details).

Exhaust Muffler

The exhaust muffler reduces exhaust noise. Gases from the exhaust pipe flow into
expansion chambers in the muffler, where their pressure is reduced. Sound-absorbing
materials in the muffler further reduce the noise level before the gases are released to the
atmosphere.

„ Emission Control System

Intake and exhaust systems can be connected to the following emission control systems:
• Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system
• Purge control system
• Positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) system
• Three-way catalytic (TWC) converter

For details of these systems, you will study in “Emission Control System Overview” (11243x).

Common questions

Powered by AI

In a carbureted intake system, air from the air cleaner is mixed with fuel in a carburetor before reaching the engine's cylinders via the intake manifold. Conversely, in a fuel-injected system, air flows through a throttle body and an intake manifold chamber before mixing with fuel injected directly near the intake manifold outlets. This design allows for more precise fuel delivery and mixture control in fuel-injected systems, resulting in improved fuel efficiency, reduced emissions, and enhanced overall performance compared to carbureted systems .

The Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor is critical for detecting the intake air volume. It is connected to the intake manifold and provides necessary signaling to the vehicle's electronic control unit. This data is instrumental for implementing precise air-fuel mixture adjustments and enhancing engine performance through a variety of control functions, ensuring efficient combustion and responsiveness across different engine operating conditions .

A three-way catalytic converter in the exhaust system significantly reduces the emission of harmful gases. It converts carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides into less harmful substances like carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor. This improves environmental air quality by controlling and reducing the vehicle's overall emission footprint .

The resonator, located in the air pipe before the air cleaner, reduces intake noise by using a resonance effect. This component ensures a quieter operation by dampening the sound of air rushing into the engine during operation. Its placement and design help in balancing the performance characteristics of the engine with the comfort of a quieter drive .

Exhaust manifolds made of cast iron are typically heavier and more robust in construction, suited for general applications. Stainless steel exhaust manifolds are relatively lighter and have a smoother interior surface, which reduces exhaust resistance and facilitates a more efficient flow of gases. This material choice enhances performance by decreasing back pressure and improving the thermal efficiency of the exhaust system .

The intake air temperature control system in a carbureted engine optimizes the temperature of the air entering the cylinders. When the engine is cold, the check valve is opened by the manifold vacuum, allowing warmed air from the exhaust manifold to be introduced into the air cleaner housing. As the air cleaner housing warms up to approximately 28°C, an air bleed valve opens, causing the vacuum to dissipate and close the hot air intake duct. This transition ensures the engine operates efficiently by adjusting the air temperature for optimal combustion, improving performance and fuel economy under various temperature conditions .

The exhaust manifold collects exhaust gases from the engine's cylinders and directs them toward the exhaust pipe, minimizing interference between exhaust pulses from different cylinders. Its design, including the length and arrangement of its pipes, facilitates a smooth, efficient flow of gases. A smooth internal surface, particularly in stainless steel variants, further reduces resistance, enhancing the expulsion efficiency of exhaust gases and thereby improving overall engine performance and reducing back pressure .

The chamber volume control system optimizes air intake conditions by adjusting the intake manifold chamber's configuration via electronically controlled valves. At low engine speeds, both bypass-Lo and bypass-Hi control valves are closed, maximizing the length of the intake passage. As engine speed increases to mid-range, the bypass-Lo control valves open, reducing the passage length, which, in turn, enhances engine efficiency. At high speeds, the bypass-Hi control valve opens additional paths, effectively converting the manifold into a single, large chamber. This operation, as seen in vehicles like the Legend, increases cylinder charging efficiency and boosts overall engine performance .

The primary and secondary passages in the intake manifold play crucial roles in enhancing engine performance at different speed ranges. At low engine speeds, only the primary passage, which is longer and has a smaller diameter, is used. This configuration increases the intake air flow velocity, utilizing intake inertia to enhance torque. At high engine speeds, the secondary passage, which is shorter and has a larger diameter, opens to boost the intake air volume, resulting in greater power output .

Air cleaners enhance the performance of an intake system by removing dust and foreign particles from the intake air before it enters the engine. Honda utilizes wet-type paper filter elements that are impregnated with oil, which improves dirt attraction and retention. This filtration ensures cleaner air enters the combustion chamber, consequently improving combustion efficiency, enhancing performance, and protecting engine components from wear .

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