Department of Mechanical Engineering
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND E-WASTE MANAGEMENT
BCS508
Module 2- Natural Resources & Energy
1. Which of the following is a disadvantage of renewable energy?
a) High pollution
b) Available only in few places
c) High running cost
d) Unreliable supply
2. A solar cell converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the
a) Photovoltaic effect
b) Chemical effect
c) Atmospheric effect
d) Physical effect
3. In hydroelectric power, what is necessary for the production of power throughout the
year?
a) Dams filled with water
b) High amount of air
c) High intense sunlight
d) Nuclear power
4. The main composition of biogas is
a) Methane
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
5. Which Ministry is mainly responsible for renewable energy sources like wind, solar,
biogas and small hydro?
a) HRD
b) Agriculture
c) Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
d) Health
6. Which among the following has the largest installed grid-interactive renewable
capacity in India?
a) Wind power
b) Solar power
c) Biomass power
d) Small hydro power
7. The world’s first 100% solar-powered airport is located at
a) Cochin, Kerala
b) Bengaluru
c) Chennai
d) Mumbai
8. Which of the following is not under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy?
a) Wind energy
b) Solar energy
c) Tidal energy
d) Large hydro
9. Where is the largest wind farm located in India?
a) Jaisalmer, Rajasthan
b) Muppandal, Tamil Nadu
c) Vaspet, Maharashtra
d) Chakala, Maharashtra
10. Solar radiation flux is usually measured with the help of a
a) Pyranometer
b) Anemometer
c) Sunshine recorder
d) Lux meter
11. What does hydrogen fuel cell emit?
a) Water
b) Steam
c) Greenhouse gas
d) Methane
12. The most common nuclear fuel used in power reactors is
a) Thorium-232
b) Plutonium-239
c) Uranium-235
d) Uranium-238
13. In hydroelectric power,
a) Kinetic → Potential
b) Potential → Kinetic
c) Solar → Wind
d) Wind → Solar
14. OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion) converts
a) Energy in tides to electricity
b) Energy in ocean waves to electricity
c) Thermal gradient in oceans to electricity
d) Energy in ocean currents
15. In solar systems, the energy is stored in batteries made of
a) Nickel-Sulfur
b) Zinc-Cadmium
c) Nickel-Cadmium
d) Nickel-Zinc
16. Energy in the form of heat and light is directly obtained from
a) Biomass
b) Fossil fuels
c) Sun
d) Wind
17. SI unit for energy is
a) Watt
b) Kilogram
c) Newton
d) Joule
18. Trapped heat inside the earth is known as
a) Heat energy
b) Kinetic energy
c) Geothermal energy
d) Thermal energy
19. Hydrogen energy can be tapped through
a) Heat pumps
b) Fuel cells
c) Photovoltaic cells
d) Gasifiers
20. Most widely used solar material is
a) Arsenic
b) Silicon
c) Cadmium
d) Steel
21. From the list pick the item that is not a natural resource:
a) Soil
b) Water
c) Electricity
d) Air
22. Which environmental problem is associated with construction of high dams?
a) Submergence of settlements
b) Deforestation & biodiversity loss
c) Huge cost
d) All these factors
23. The basic element of fossil fuels is
a) Sulphur
b) Phosphorous
c) Carbon
d) Oxygen
24. The energy released by the decay of one U-235 atom is about
a) 100 MeV
b) 10 MeV
c) 200 MeV
d) 1000 MeV
25. Which renewable energy source is site-specific and reservoir-based?
a) Solar
b) Wind
c) Hydropower
d) Biomass
26. Safe dissolved oxygen required for aquatic life is
a) 7 mg/L
b) 5.2 mg/L
c) 6.5 mg/L
d) 4 mg/L
27. Excess fluoride in drinking water causes
a) Goitre
b) Dental & skeletal fluorosis
c) Cholera
d) Anaemia
28. Which of the following is a waterborne disease?
a) Tuberculosis
b) Cholera
c) Diabetes
d) Asthma
29. Which of the following is a water-induced (vector-borne) disease?
a) Fluorosis
b) Goitre
c) Cancer
d) Malaria
30. Largest renewable energy potential in India is
a) Wind
b) Solar
c) Hydro
d) Biomass
31. Which of the following is a conventional energy source?
a) Biogas
b) Solar
c) Coal
d) Wind
32. Biogas production occurs by
a) Anaerobic digestion
b) Aerobic oxidation
c) Fermentation
d) Photosynthesis
33. The main component of biogas is
a) Methane
b) Hydrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Carbon dioxide
34. The world’s first 100% solar-powered airport is at
a) Cochin, Kerala
b) Jaipur
c) Delhi
d) Hyderabad
35. Largest wind farm in India is at
a) Kutch, Gujarat
b) Muppandal, Tamil Nadu
c) Jaisalmer, Rajasthan
d) Satara, Maharashtra
36. Photovoltaic (PV) cells primarily convert
a) Chemical → Electrical
b) Solar → Electrical
c) Solar → Thermal
d) Mechanical → Electrical
37. The principal drawback of solar PV power is
a) High pollution
b) Large land use
c) High operational cost
d) Intermittent supply
38. Which nuclear fuel is most commonly used in power reactors?
a) Thorium-232
b) Plutonium-239
c) Uranium-235
d) Uranium-238
39. OTEC plants exploit
a) Salinity gradients
b) Temperature difference between surface and deep ocean waters
c) Tidal heights
d) Wave action
40. A useful byproduct of OTEC systems is
a) Electricity only
b) Freshwater
c) Biofuel
d) Coal
41. A commonly used turbine for medium-head hydropower is
a) Pelton wheel
b) Francis turbine
c) Kaplan turbine
d) Gorlov turbine
42. Hydrogen fuel cells emit primarily
a) Water
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Methane
d) Nitrogen oxides
43. A major technical challenge for hydrogen as a transport fuel is
a) High toxicity
b) Storage & distribution
c) Lack of energy
d) High sulfur content
44. Tidal energy is produced due to
a) Rotation of Earth
b) Gravitational pull of moon and sun
c) Rainfall & river discharge
d) Ocean temperature gradient
45. Fossil fuels are primarily composed of
a) Hydrocarbons
b) Carbohydrates
c) Minerals
d) Metal oxides
46. Solar radiation is commonly measured by a
a) Pyranometer
b) Anemometer
c) Lux meter
d) Psychrometer
47. A key limitation for large-scale tidal energy deployment in India is
a) High emissions
b) Limited suitable coastal sites
c) Lack of tidal cycles
d) Excessive freshwater
48. Approximate current share of fossil fuels in India’s primary energy mix is
a) 40%
b) 50%
c) 60%
d) ~80%
49. Geothermal energy is obtained from
a) Ocean currents
b) Earth’s internal heat
c) Atmospheric pressure
d) Solar radiation
50. Hydrogen energy can play a key role in transport through
a) Internal combustion engines
b) Fuel cells for electric vehicles
c) Gasifiers
d) Refrigeration
51. The largest share of energy consumption in global transportation is
a) 42%
b) 24%
c) 4%
d) 34%
52. Annual oil consumption in India is about
a) 3.25 million tons
b) 325 million tons
c) 32.5 million tons
d) 0.325 million tons
53. Fossil fuels largely consist of
a) Hydrocarbons
b) Hydrogen sulphide
c) Hydrochloric acid
d) Carbon dioxide
54. Wind farms are generally located in
a) River basin
b) Plain area
c) Hilly area
d) Valley area
55. OTEC is caused by
a) Wind energy
b) Geothermal energy
c) Solar energy
d) Gravitational force
56. OTEC stands for
a) Ocean thermal energy cultivation
b) Ocean thermal energy conversion
c) Ocean techno energy conservation
d) Ocean thermal energy consumption
57. Which type of turbine is commonly used in tidal energy?
a) Francis turbine
b) Kaplan turbine
c) Pelton wheel
d) Gorlov turbine
58. What type of tide is it if the difference between high and low tide is greatest?
a) Diurnal tide
b) Neap tide
c) Spring tide
d) Ebb tide
59. How do fuel cells generate electricity?
a) Combustion
b) Fusion
c) Electrochemical reaction
d) Condensation
60. The primary principle behind Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) is
a) Wind energy conversion
b) Temperature difference between surface & deep ocean waters
c) Tidal energy generation
d) Solar absorption
61. In which regions is OTEC most efficient?
a) Polar regions
b) Temperate zones
c) Tropical regions
d) Desert areas
62. What is the minimum temperature difference required for OTEC to function
effectively?
a) 10°F
b) 20°F
c) 30°F
d) 77°F
63. One useful byproduct of OTEC systems is
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Freshwater through desalination
c) Methane gas
d) Sulfur dioxide
64. What is the primary purpose of carbon trading?
a) Increase carbon emissions
b) Limit greenhouse gas emissions
c) Promote fossil fuels
d) Eliminate renewable energy
65. Which international agreement established carbon markets?
a) Kyoto Protocol
b) Paris Agreement
c) Montreal Protocol
d) Rio Declaration
66. What is the primary goal of sustainable mining?
a) Maximize profit
b) Minimize environmental impact while supporting local communities
c) Increase extraction rates
d) Reduce costs only
67. Which place in India experimented tidal energy?
a) Goa
b) Karnataka
c) Kerala
d) Tamil Nadu
68. The good example of renewable energy resource is
a) Hydropower
b) Coal
c) Oil
d) Gas
69. The primary drawback of hydrogen fuel cells is
a) Creates pollution
b) Storage and distribution
c) High emissions
d) Non-availability
70. The largest nuclear power plant in Karnataka is located at
a) Bhadravathi
b) Sandur
c) Raichur
d) Kaiga
71. A major environmental issue involved in mining is
a) Air pollution
b) Water pollution
c) Soil degradation
d) All of the above
72. The process by which mined land is returned to its original state is called
a) Refurbishing
b) Reclamation
c) Renovation
d) Revolution
73. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is
a) Study of feasibility
b) Study of environmental impacts of projects
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None
74. The primary use of hydrogen in transportation is
a) Refrigerant
b) Internal combustion
c) Fuel cells for vehicles
d) Heating
75. A storage method commonly used for hydrogen is
a) Low-pressure liquid storage
b) High-pressure gas cylinders
c) Solid-state storage only
d) Underground caverns only
76. One challenge associated with hydrogen as a fuel is
a) Too inexpensive
b) Low energy density by volume
c) Non-flammable
d) Easy liquid storage
77. Which radiation is most dangerous?
a) Alpha
b) Beta
c) Gamma
d) None
78. The largest share of coal deposits in India is found in
a) Karnataka
b) Tamil Nadu
c) Kashmir
d) Bihar & Orissa (Jharkhand–Odisha belt)
79. Smelting of metallic minerals like copper, lead and zinc releases large amounts of
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Nitrogen oxides
c) Sulphur dioxide
d) Hydrogen sulphide
80. The quantity of solar energy received by the earth is about
a) 5%
b) 15%
c) 99%
d) 45%
81. Which of the following is considered as an alternate fuel?
a) CNG
b) Kerosene
c) Coal
d) Petrol
82. The basic working element of photovoltaic cells is
a) Arsenic
b) Silicon
c) Cadmium
d) Steel
83. Which energy resource is not a fossil fuel?
a) Coal
b) Petroleum
c) Natural gas
d) Hydropower
84. Which renewable energy has the highest potential in tropical countries like India?
a) Wind
b) Solar
c) Geothermal
d) Tidal
85. The term "energy audit" refers to
a) Systematic analysis of energy flows to reduce consumption
b) Measuring coal reserves
c) Cost calculation of energy
d) Checking only electricity bills
86. Which sector in India consumes maximum commercial energy?
a) Transport
b) Domestic
c) Industrial
d) Agriculture
87. Fuel cells produce electricity through
a) Combustion
b) Electrochemical reaction
c) Nuclear fission
d) Solar radiation
88. Which country is the global leader in installed wind power capacity?
a) USA
b) China
c) India
d) Germany
89. Which of the following is a clean development mechanism under Kyoto Protocol?
a) Carbon trading
b) Fossil fuel subsidy
c) Nuclear weapon treaty
d) Industrial relocation
90. Which metal is most widely used in nuclear reactors in India?
a) Thorium
b) Uranium
c) Plutonium
d) Lead
91. The maximum efficiency of a solar cell under ideal conditions is about
a) 10%
b) 15%
c) 25%
d) 33%
92. India’s first tidal energy project was planned in
a) Kerala
b) Gujarat
c) Tamil Nadu
d) Goa
93. Which state in India leads in solar power generation?
a) Maharashtra
b) Karnataka
c) Rajasthan
d) Tamil Nadu
94. Hydrogen is considered a clean fuel because
a) It is non-flammable
b) It is expensive
c) It produces only water on combustion
d) It emits CO₂
95. Which international treaty replaced Kyoto Protocol in 2015?
a) Paris Agreement
b) Rio Declaration
c) Montreal Protocol
d) Doha Summit
96. In a biogas plant, slurry is used as
a) Fertilizer
b) Animal feed
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) Fuel
97. The Gorlov turbine is associated with
a) Wind power
b) Tidal power
c) Solar PV
d) Geothermal
98. Which type of energy is most suitable for remote villages in India?
a) Nuclear
b) Biogas
c) Coal
d) Oil
99. A significant limitation of geothermal energy is
a) High CO₂ emissions
b) Site-specific availability
c) High cost only
d) Non-renewable
100. India’s National Solar Mission aims to achieve
a) 20 GW by 2020
b) 50 GW by 2025
c) 100 GW by 2022
d) 200 GW by 2030