Model Question Paper I

FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

Time: 3 Hour [Link]: 75

PART A

I. Answer all questions in one word or one sentence. Each question carries 1 mark
(9*1=9 marks )

1 Name any one dc network theorem M 1.02 R

2 Two branches meeting at a point in a circuit is called……. M 1.01 U

3 Write the format of polar form M 2.01 U

Match the following types of load and their power factors: M 2.01 U

4 Resistive - lagging
Capacitive-in phase
Inductive – leading

5 Write the equation of power in a pure resistive circuit M 2.01 U

6 Any one method of solving parallel circuit is ………….. M3.02 R

7 Power factor in a parallel circuit at resonance is …………….. M 3.04 U

8 Write the relation between line and phase values of voltage in star M 4.02 U
system

9 Equation of three phase ac power is …………… M 4.04 U

 PART B

II. Answer any eight questions from the following, each question carries 3 marks.
(8 * 3=24 marks )

1 State reciprocity theorem. M 1.02 R

2 Write the procedure to Nortonize a given circuit. M 1.03 U

3 Two vectors A=20+j30,B= -[Link] A-B and express the result M2.01 A
in polar form

4 Draw the vector and impedance diagrams of R-L series circuit M 2.02 A

Determine the capacitance of the capacitor of a circuit consisting M 2.03 A

5 of 110V, 40W lamp in series with a capacitor. Supply voltage is
230V,50 Hz.

6 Define the terms in a parallel circuit (1).Resonance (2).Q factor M 3.04 R

Draw the vector diagram of a parallel circuit with one branch M 3.02 A
consisting of a resistor of 14Ω and a reactance of 20Ω. A second
7
branch consists of a resistor of 25Ω.A potential difference of
100V,50Hz is applied across the combination.

8 Write any three advantages of three phase systems M 4.01 R

9 Obtain the relation between line and phase values of voltage in a M 4.02 U
star connected system.

10 Write the equations of various three phase powers . M4.04 U

 PART C
Answer ALL questions. Each question carries 7 marks.

(6*7=42 marks )

By using superposition theorem find the current through 15Ω

15 M 1.04 A
resistor.

III

OR

Obtain Norton’s equivalent circuit of the given circuit. M 1.04 A

IV

V Write the procedure to thevenize a given circuit. M 1.03 U

OR

State and explain the theorems (a)Maximum power transfer M 1.02 U

VI
theorem (b) Superposition theorem.

A circuit consists of 10 Ω resistance and 8Ω inductive reactance M 2.03 A

are in series and takes a current of 6 ampere. Determine ( i)
VII voltage across resistance and inductance (ii) total supply voltage
( iii)power factor of the circuit.

OR
 Perform the following operations and find magnitude and slope in M 2.01 A
VIII each case.(a)A+B(b)A-B (c) AB, where A=20+j15 and
B= 30-j4

IX Derive the equation of active power in an R-L series circuit M 2.02 U

OR

Draw the vector and impedance diagrams of R-C series circuit. M2.03 U
X
Also write the equation of power factor.

Two impedances Z1=(10+j15)ohm and Z2=(6-j8)ohm are M 3.03

connected in parallel. If the total current supplied is 15A,determine
XI A
the current and power taken by each branch. Use admittance
method.

OR

A coil of resistance 14 Ω and reactance 20 Ω is shunted by a non – M 3.03 A

XII resistance of 25 Ω and a p.d of 100V at 50Hz is impressed across
the [Link] (i)the current in each branch(ii)total current

A balanced star connected load of 8+j6 ohm per phase is M 4.02 A

XIII connected to a 3- phase,[Link] ( i)Line current (ii)Power
(iii)Reactive power

OR

XIV With the help of a vector diagram derive the relation between line M 4.02 A
and phase values of current in a delta connected system .

Scoring Indicators

Model Question Paper I

 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

Split Sub Total

Q No Scoring Indicators score Tot Score
al

PART A

Superposition theorem
Maximum power transfer theorem
Thevenin’s theorem
I. 1 Norton’s theorem 1 1

Reciprocity theorem
( Write any one theorem)

I. 2 Junction or Node 1 1

I. 3 A vector, E= E<Ɵ , where E-magnitude and Ɵ-inclination 1 1

Resistance-in phase

I. 4 Capacitive-leading 1 1
Inductance-lagging

I. 5 P=VI watts 1 1

Vector method
Admittance method
I. 6 j-method
1 1

( Write any one method)

unity
I. 7 1 1
( Write any one)

I. 8 VL =√3 Vph 1 1

I. 9 P= √3 VL IL Cosɸ 1 1
 PART-B

Reciprocity theorem states that the current at one point in a

circuit due to a voltage at a second point is the same as the
II. 1 current at the second point due to the same voltage at the 3
first.
3

1. Remove the resistance (if any) across the two given

terminals and put a short-
short circuit across them
2. Compute the short circuit current
3. Remove all voltage and current sources
4. Find Norton’s resistance
5. Join the current source in parallel across the 6
II. 2 *0.5m 3 3
Norton’s resistance
ark
6. Complete the equivalent circuit

A = 20+j30, B= -10-j15,
j15, A-B
A =?
A-B=20
B=20 +j 30 + 10 +j 15= 30 + j45
Magnitude=

√30 45 =54.08
3
II. 3 *1mar 3 3
k

=56.3090
Therefore in polar form ,
A-B=54.08< 56.3090
(Calculation of each quantity carries 1marks)
 2 *1.5
II. 4 marks 3
3

0.5+0.
5+0.5
II. 5 3 3
+1+0.
5

(1)Resonance – When the reactive component of the line

current becomes zero. The frequency at this condition is
called resonance frequency
(2) Q-factor- Current magnification in an RLC parallel
circuit is called its Q-factor
factor
1.5+
II. 6 3 3
1.5
II.7

1+1.5
3 3
+0.5

( Equations- 1 mark, Calculations-

Calculations 1.5 marks ,figure-0.5 mark)

[Link] power delivered is constant

[Link] of 3 phase motor is 1.5 times the output of single
phase motor of same size
[Link] phase motors are self starting
II. 8 1+1+1 3 3
[Link] magnetic field can be setup
[Link] reliable
( Write any three )
II. 9 1+1+1 3 3

Let ER = EY =EB =Eph are the phase values of voltage

Let ERY =EL be the line value of voltage

By parallelogram law method,

ERY = 2
ℎ
2
ℎ 2∗ 2
ℎ ∗ 60

ie , EL = 3 2
ℎ √ *
√3 ℎ

( For each step 1 mark ,diagram-1

,diagram mark )

Active power= √3ELILCosɸ

Reactive power= √3E
ELILSinɸ
Apparent power= √3E
ELIL

II.10 1+1+1 3 3
 PART-C

When 20V source is removed, the circuit becomes as

shown in figure 1
figure 1

III

by current division rule ,

When 40V source is removed, the circuit becomes
as shown in figure 2
Figure 2

by current division rule

therefore ,
current through 15 Ω resistor is
I= I’ + I’’
= 0.24 +0.41
=0.65 A
( Calculations of step -1- and step-2 -2.5 marks each step-3-
0.5 mark, Figures-0.5 marks each )
 To find Isc by short-circuiting
short the
terminals A and B as shown below

IV

7 7 7

To find RN with respect to A and B,short circuit the

 voltage [Link] the circuit becomes

Then RN = 15 + = 15 + 5 = 20 Ω
Hence Norton’s equivalent circuit can be obtained as :

1. Temporarily remove the load resistance

2. Find the open circuit voltage called Thevenin’s
voltage
3. Compute the equivalent resistance(Thevenin’s
resistance) of the whole network as viewed from the
V open load terminals 7 7 7
4. Obtain the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit
5. Re-connect
connect the load resistance
6. Find the load
oad current

(a)Maximum
Maximum power transfer theorem 3.5+
VI 7 7
A resistive load will abstract maximum power from a 3.5
 network when the load resistance is equal to the resistance of
the network as viewed from the output terminals with all
energy sources(emfs) removed with their internal resistances

(b)Superposition
)Superposition theorem-
theor In a network of linear
resistances containing more than one source of emf, the
current which flows at any point is the sum of all the currents
which would flow at that point if each emf where considered
separately and all the other emfs replaced by their
the internal
resistances

Given , R=10Ω , XL = 8 Ω, I=6A

(i) VR =IR=6x10=60V
VL =IXL =6x8 = 48V
(ii) Z =√ =12.8 Ω
VII
Therefore supply voltage, 3+4 7 7

V= IZ =6x12.8 =76.8 V
(iii) p.f = =0.781
( Equations-
Equations 3 marks, Calculations- 4 marks )

(a) A+B = 20+j15+30-j4

20+j15+30
= 50+11j

Magnitude = 502 112 51.2

VIII 3+4 7 7

(b)
 A-B=20+j15
B=20+j15-30+j4
= -10+j19
-

Magnitude = 102 192 21.47

(c)
AB=( 20+j15)*(30-j4)
20+j15)*(30
=600
=600-80j+450j+60
=660+j370

Magnitude = 6602 3702 756.64

( Equations-
Equation 3 marks, Calculations- 4 marks )

Instantaneous power,
P= v * i
= ∗
∗
=
2
IX 1*7 7 7

∗ ∗
= 2
2 2

Since the second term is a double frequency

component and its value becomes zero when
 integrated over a complete cycle.
∗
Total power, P =
2

=
2 2

( Each main steps- 1 mark each =1*7=7marks)

X 3+3+1 7 7

power factor =

( Figures-3 marks each ,equation= 1mark)

For Branch-I

1 102 152 18.03

XI Conductance 3+4 7 7

1
1 2
0.0308 ℧
1
susceptance
1
1 2
0.046 ℧
1

For Branch-II

2 62 82 10
Conductance
2
2 2
0.06 ℧
2

susceptance
2
2 2
0.08 ℧
2

Total conductance, 1 2= 0.0908 ℧

Total susceptance, 1 2

= -0.046 +0.08 = 0.0339 ℧

2 2
Admittance of the circuit Y= 0.0969 ℧
15
Supply Voltage , V = = 154.79
0.0969

1 8.585
1

2 15.479
2

P1
2
1 ∗ 1

737
2
2
2 ∗ 2 1437.6
( Equations- 3 marks, Calculations- 4 marks )
XII 3+4 7 7

(ii) either resolving the branch currents method

or parallelogram law method can be applied.
applied

Here, resolving of branch currents method is used.

components = 4cos00 +4.096cos550 =6.346

Total X-components

components = 4sin00 -4.096sin550 = -3.35

Total Y-components

2 2
Therefore total current,I = =7.176A

( Equations-
Equations 3 marks, Calculations- 4 marks )
 (i)

Eph = = 132.8 V
√

8 6
10 ,
#
13.28 (

Line current,IL 13.28 (

!∅ 0.8 ./0
XIII 3+4 7 7

(ii)
Power = √3 #$ $ !∅ 4232 1

(iii)

Reactive Power =√3 #$ $ 234∅

3174 '()
( Equations-
Equations 3 marks, Calculations- 4 marks )
 Let IR = IY =IB =Iph be the phase values of currents
XIV 3+4 7 7
Let IL1 = IR - IB= IR +(-IB ) be the line value of
current

By parallelogram law method,

IL1 = 2
ℎ
2
ℎ 2∗ 2
ℎ ∗ 60

= 3 2
ℎ √3 * ℎ ,

cos600 =0.5
ie. Line current =√3 phase current
( Diagram-
Diagram 3 marks, Derivation- 4 marks )
Module wise question analysis

Question No Module No of questions

I II III IV

Part A (1 Mark) 2 3 2 2 9

Part B (3 Marks) 2 3 2 3 10

Part C (7 Marks) 4 4 2 2 12

Total questions 8 10 6 7 31

Total (Marks)=123 36 40 22 25

Cognitive level wise question analysis

Question No Cognitive level No of questions

Remember Understanding Apply

Part A (1 Mark) 2 7 0 9

Part B (3 Marks) 3 3 4 10

Part C (7 Marks) 0 4 8 12

Total questions 5 14 12 31

Total (Marks)=123 11 44 68

Prepared By : Scrutinised By :

Jayaram S
Binu B. R
Head Of Department
Head Of department
Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Govt. Polytechnic College Attingal
Govt. Polytechnic College, Pala
 Model Question Paper II

FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

Time: 3 Hour [Link]: 75

PART A

I. Answer all questions in one word or one sentence. Each question carries 1 mark.

1 A circuit with no source of emf is called …… M 1.01 U

2 Write any passive parameters in an electric circuit. M 1.01 R

3 A node in a circuit is the meeting of …… M 1.01 U

4 Write the format of trigonometric form… M 2.01 U

Equation of alternating voltage is …. M 2.02 R

5

Q factor of an RLC parallel circuit is ……………. M 3.04 U

6

7 Resonance in an RLC parallel circuit occurs when …. M 3.04 U

8 Define phase sequence in a three phase system M 4.01 R

Write the relation between line and phase values of current in delta M 4.02 U
9
connected system
PART B

II. Answer any eight questions from the following, each question carries 3 marks.
(8 * 3=24 marks )

1 Define the terms (i) active circuit (ii) loop (iii) linear network M 1.01 R

2 State superposition theorem. M 1.02 R

3 Derive the equation of power in a pure capacitive circuit. M 2.01 U

Draw the vector and impedance diagrams of an R-L-C series M 2.02 U

4
circuit for XL greater than XC

5 Find the magnitude and slope of two vectors for A+B, where M 2.01 A
 A=6+j8, B=3-j4.

Define the terms in a parallel circuit ( a)Admittance M 3.02 R

6
(b)Resonance. M 3.04

7 Write the procedure of vector method in parallel circuits . M 3.02 U

8 Compare the line and phase quantities in a delta system. M 4.02 U

9 How star and delta connections are formed in three phase system M 4.02 U

10 Derive the equation of active power in three phase systems. M 4.04 U

PART C
Answer ALL questions. Each question carries 7 marks.

(6*7=42 marks )

Convert the given circuit to a single voltage source in series with a M 1.04 A
single resistance .

III

OR
 By Norton’s theorem, find the current flowing through 5 ohm
resistor.

IV M 1.04 A

V Write the procedure to Nortanize a given circuit. M 1.03 U

OR

State and explain the theorems (a)Maximum power transfer M 1.02 U

VI theorem
(b) reciprocity theorem

VII Define and derive resonance frequency in an RLC series circuit . M 2.04 U

OR

VIII Derive the equation of active power in an R-C

R series circuit M 2.02 U

A circuit consists of two branches connected in parallel across a M 3.03 A

100V, 50Hz supply. Branch-1-a
Branch resistor of 200 Ω, Branch-2- a 50 Ω
IX
resistor in series with a 30μF
30 capacitor. Calculate the branch
currents and total current.

OR

Draw the vector diagram of the given circuit . M 3.03 A

X
 For the given star system , find the equivalent values in delta system

XI M 4.03 A

OR

With the help of a vector diagram derive the relation between line
XII M 4.02 A
and phase values of voltage in a star connected system.

XIII Explain with a diagram the generation of three phase ac voltages. M 4.01 U

OR

XIV Write any seven comparisons between star and delta systems. M 4.02 U
 Scoring Indicators

Model Question Paper II

FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

Split Sub Tota

Q score Total l
Scoring Indicators
No scor
e

PART A

I. 1 Passive circuits 1

Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor

I. 2 1
(write any one)

I. 3 Two or more branches of elements 1

A vector, E= E(cosƟ
Ɵ + j sinƟ), where E-magnitude
E and Ɵ-
I. 4 inclination 1

I. 5 1

I. 6 1

Q-factor- Current magnification in an RLC parallel circuit is

called its Q-factor

I. 7 the reactive components of the line current becomes zero 1

Phase sequence is the order or sequence in which the current or

I. 8 voltage in different phases attain their maximum values one 1
after the other
I. 9 1

PART B

(i) Active circuit -is

is one which contains one or more than one
1
source of emf along with passive elements

(ii) Loop -is a closed path formed starting from a node passing
II. 1 through a set of nodes and returning to the starting node 1 3
without passing the same node more than once.

(iii) Linear network- is a circuit whose parameters are

constant with time ,also they do not change with voltage or 1
current.

Superposition Theorem
In a network of linear resistances containing more than one
source of emf, the current which flows at any point is the sum
II. 2 3
of all the currents which would flow at that point if each emf
where considered separately and all the other emfs replaced by
their internal
nternal resistances

Pure capacitive circuit.

Instantaneous power

II. 3 3

Since the above equation consists of a double frequency

component, the value will be zero if we integrate the equation
for the whole cycle .
ie; Power =0
(Each main step carries 0.5 mark )
 1.5+
II. 4 3
1.5

A+B = 6 + j8 + 3- j4 = 9 + j4

1+
II. 5 3
1+
1

a) Admittance,, Y is the reciprocal of impedance

1.5

II. 6 a) Resonance – When the reactive component of the line 3

current becomes zero. The frequency at this condition is 1.5
called resonance frequency

Procedure for vector method

[Link] is taken as reference vector

[Link] branch current and its phase angle are determined
II. 7 3 3
separately
[Link] resultant current is obtained by adding the branch
currents vectorially

1.5 +
II. 8 3
1.5

1.5 +
II.9 3
1.5
 this connection is obtained by joining together
Star connection-this
similar ends at common point.

Delta connection- this connection is obtained by joining the

dissimilar [Link] is the starting end of one coil is connected
to the finishing end of the other coil and so on.

Active power in three phase system

II.10 3

(Each main step carries 0.5 mark )

PART C
 Convert the given circuit to a single voltage source in series
with a single resistance .

Step 1 : To find Vth or VAB

With A and B open ,the voltage sources are in

subtractive series because they oppose each other.
III
Net voltage around the circuit

=15-10 = 5V

Total resistance=8+4=12Ω

hence 2.5 7 7

circuit current = 5/12 A

Drop across 4Ω = 4x 5/12

= 5/3 V

Thevenin’s voltage,

VAB =(voltage across 4Ω) +10V

= 5/3+10= 35/3 V
 Step 2: To find Rth or RAB

Replace all voltage sources with ‘ shorts ‘ as shown

2.5

Rth = 8 x 4/ 8 4 = 32/12 = 8/3 Ω

Step 3 : Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit

IV By Norton’s theorem, find the current flowing through 5 ohm 7

resistor

Step 1:

Remove the 5 ohm resistor and put a short circuit

across it . Here the 10 ohm resistor as a result becomes
short circuited

Step 2:

2
Step3 .

To find RN

Voltage source is shorted

2
 Step 4

Obtain Norton’s equivalent circuit by re-connecting

re 5 ohm
resistor across terminals A and B

Step 5

By current division rule , current through 5 ohm resistor , =

1

Procedure to Nortonize a given circuit.

1. Remove the resistance (if any) across the two given
terminals and put a short-
short circuit across them
2. Compute the short circuit current
V 3. Remove all voltage and current sources 7 7 7
4. Find Norton’s resistance
5. Join the current source in parallel across the Norton’s
resistance
6. Complete the equivalent circuit

a)Maximum power transfer theorem

A resistive load will abstract maximum power from a network
when the load resistance is equal to the resistance
resistanc of the
VI network as viewed from the output terminals with all energy 3.5 7 7
sources(emfs) removed with their internal resistances
 b)Reciprocity theorem
In any linear bilateral network, if a source of emf, E in any
branch produces a current I in any other branch, then the same
3.5
emf E acting in the second branch would produce the same
current I in the first branch

circuit is defined as the

Resonance frequency in RLC series circuit-
2
frequency at which electrical resonance happens.

VII 7 7

Derive the equation of active power in an R-C

R series circuit

VIII

7 7 7
 ( Each main step -1 mark each )

A circuit consists of two branches connected in parallel across a

100V, 50Hz supply. Branch-1-a
Branch resistor of 200 Ω, Branch-2- a
50 Ω resistor in series with a 30μF
30 capacitor. Calculate the
branch currents and total current.

IX

2
 1+
1+
1

Draw the vector diagram of the given circuit .

X 7 7
1+
0.5+
1

1+
0.5+
1
 2

For the given star system , find the equivalent values in delta
system

XI
 1+
2+
7 7
2+
2

(Figure -1 mark
Calculations- 2 marks each)

XII Let ER = EY =EB =Eph are the phase values of voltage 7 7 7

Let ERY =EL be the line value of voltage

By parallelogram law method,

ERY =

2
ℎ
2
ℎ 2∗ 2
ℎ ∗ 60

ie , EL = 3 2
ℎ √ *
√3 ℎ

( Diagram-1 mark,
For each main step -1 mark )
 A 2-pole
pole alternator has three distinct windings displaced by 120ᵒ
120
apart from one another. When the N-pole
N of the rotor comes under
the influence of the conductors at 0ᵒ,120ᵒ
0 and 240ᵒ, the emf’s 2.5
induced are maximum. The emf’s are equal in magnitude and of
same frequency

2.5

XIII 7 7

XIV Comparisons between star and delta systems

Star Connection Delta connection

Differences

Open system Closed system

This connection is obtained

This connection is obtained
by joining the dissimilar
by joining together similar
ends.
ends at common points.

Suitable for 3 phase , 4 wire Suitable for 3 phase ,

distribution system transmission system
7*1
7
Neutral point is available Not available mark

Line voltages are displaced Line currents are displaced

30 degrees ahead of phase 30 degrees behind phase
voltages currents

Similarities
Line currents or phase Line voltages or phase
currents are 120 degree apart voltages are 120 degree apart

(Write any 7 comparisons )

Module wise question analysis

Question No Module No of questions

I II III IV

Part A (1 Mark) 3 2 2 2 9

Part B (3 Marks) 2 3 2 3 10

Part C (7 Marks) 4 2 2 4 12

Total questions 9 7 6 9 31

Total (Marks)=123 37 25 22 39

Cognitive level wise question analysis

Question No Cognitive level No of questions

Remember Understand Apply

Part A (1 Mark) 3 6 0 9

Part B (3 Marks) 3 6 1 10

Part C (7 Marks) 0 6 6 12

Total questions 6 18 7 31

Total (Marks)=123 12 66 45 123

Prepared By : Scrutinised By :

Jayaram S
Binu B. R
Head Of Department
Head Of Department
Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Govt. Polytechnic College Pala
Govt. Polytechnic College Attingal