Muscle Unit Review
1. Use the graph to help answer these questions
A) What happens to muscle tension when a nervous
Stimulus acts on the muscle?
B) What happens to a contracting muscle if the
Nervous stimuluses acting on the muscle are too far
apart?
C) What happens to a contracting muscle if the next
If the next stimulus arrives before the muscle is allowed
To relax
2. Define these terms
A) Muscle twitch –
B) Summation –
C) Physiological Tetanus –
3. What are neurotransmitters? What type of
neurotransmitter is used in the neuromuscular junction?
4. Label these parts on the diagram to the left
- Synaptic cleft - Vesicle - Ach
- Muscle - Sarcomere - Synaptic Terminal
- Sarcolemma - Motor End Plate - T-tubules
5. Complete the paragraph using words from the word bank.
When the action potential arrives at the ________ terminal it causes vesicles to release ACh
into the synaptic ______. ACh binds to ________ on the motor end plate causing _______ to
rush across the sarcolemma into the muscle fiber. The _________ of Sodium into the muscle
fiber causes an _________ to spread down the T-Tubules. This action potential causes the
sarcoplasmic reticulum to _______ Calcium into the sarcomere where it ______to Troponin.
Paragraph 1 words: - Synaptic, - Cleft, - Receptors, - Sodium, - Movement, - Action Potential, - Release, - Binds
After Calcium binds to Troponin the myosin head __________ site on the thin filament is
concealed by the strand of ___________. When ___________ binds to _____________
tropomyosin will twist revealing these binding sites. The ________ of the cross-bridge will
_______ to the binding sites. When ______ is released from the head of the cross-bridge it
will _______ pulling the actin thing filament. This is referred to as the _______________. To
detach from the binding site the head will bind another molecule of______. This molecule of
ATP will then be _________ reactivating the head into its ________ position. This cycle will
continue as along as ___________ is present in the ________. Calcium will remain present as
along as the __________ stimulus is acting on the muscle.
Paragraph 2 words: - Head, - ATP, - Troponin, - Attach, - Nervous, - Calcium, - Binding,
- Split, - Tropomyosin, - Pivot, ATP, - Primed, - Calcium, - Sarcomere, - Power Stroke
Overall Review:
A) Mivacurium is a medication that blocks ACh from bonding to the receptors on the motor end plate. Explain what the
effects of this medication would be on the patient?
B) Explain why a loss of electrolytes through sweating could lead to cramps or an increase in random muscle twitches?
C) Explain why slow twitch muscle fibers take longer to fatigue than fast twitch muscle fibers? (compare and contrast)
D) Explain why oxygen is needed to live. (what is it used for and what is the process called?)
F) Describe how deltoid causes the abduction of the arm.
(origin – top spine of scapula, Insertion – lateral side of humerus)
G) What 3 roles does ATP play during the contractile cycle
H) How much ATP is made from the process of cellular respiration?
I) Describe the 6 levels of organization of muscle tissue. (1st layer muscle organ, 6th layer myofilaments)
J) What important electrolyte is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum? What is this electrolyte used for?