Chapter 6 Study Guide
Objectives Information
Explain and use the term
Enthalpy change is the heat energy transferred during a
enthalpy change (Delta H)
chemical reaction (delta H)
and apply it to exothermic
Exothermic reaction: heat energy released, delta H negative
(Delta H negative) and
Endothermic reaction: heat energy absorbed, delta H
endothermic (Delta H
positive
positive) chemical reactions
Construct and interpret
reaction pathway diagrams
in terms of enthalpy IN NOTEBOOK
changes and activation
energy
Define and use the term Standard conditions are a pressure of 101kPa and a
standard conditions temperature of 298 K (shown by circle with line)
Enthalpy Change of Reaction: the enthalpy change when the
amounts of reactants shown in the stoichiometric equation
react to give products under standard conditions
Define and use the term Enthalpy Change of Formation: the enthalpy change when
enthalpy change with one molecule of a compound is formed from its element
reference to enthalpy under standard conditions
changes of reaction, Enthalpy Change of Combustion: the enthalpy change when
formation, combustion, and one mole of a substance is burnt in excess oxygen under
neutralization standard conditions
Enthalpy Change of Neutralization: the enthalpy change
when one mole of water if formed by the reaction of an acid
with an alkali under standard conditions
Explain energy transfers Bond breaking is endothermic and bond forming is
during chemical reactions in exothermic, when energy to break bonds is less than energy
terms of breaking and released the reaction is exothermic, vise versa, reaction
making chemical bonds pathways represent the changes, exact bond energy: the
energy needed to break a specific covalent bond in a named
Chapter 6 Study Guide 1
molecule in the gaseous state, symbol is E, E(C—H) refers to
bond energy of a mole of a single bond between carbon and
hydrogen atoms, amount of energy released will equal
amount of energy absorbed, average bond energy: the
average energy needed to break a specific covalent bond
averaged from a variety of molecules in the gaseous state
Use bond energies to
calculate enthalpy change IN NOTEBOOK
of reaction
Understand that some bond
energies are exact, and
SEE ABOVE
some bond energies are
averaes
Calculate enthalpy changes
q=mcDeltaT (q=heat transferred in J, m= mass of water in
from experimental results,
grams, c = specific heat capacity in J g-1 C-1, T =
including the use of
temperature change in C)
relationships: q=mc Delta T
and Delta H = -mc Delta T
Hess’s law: the total enthalpy change in a chemical reaction
Use Hess’s law to construct is independent of the route by which the chemical reaction
simple energy cycles takes places as long as the initial and final conditions are the
same
Carry out calculations using
energy cycles to determine
enthalpy changes that
cannot be found by direct
experiment
Carry out calculations using
bond energy data
Chapter 6 Study Guide 2