United Nations Security Council
Adopted on: 26.01.2025
Committee: Security Council
Subject: The Situation in Syria
Sponsors: Italian Republic, State of Qatar, Republic of
Türkiye, The United Kingdom, United States of America
Signatories: Lebanese Republic, United Arab Emirates, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia, Federal Republic of Germany, Kingdom of
Belgium, French Republic, Syrian Arab Republic, Japan, Russian
Federation, Islamic Republic of Iran, the State of Israel.
The Security Council,
Recognizing the ongoing humanitarian crisis in Syria,
which has resulted in the displacement of over 12 million
people and the loss of more than 500,000 lives since the
beginning of the conflict in 2011, as well as the
widespread destruction of infrastructure and essential
services,
Emphasizing the importance of maintaining Syria’s
territorial integrity and sovereignty while addressing
ethnic and sectarian tensions,
Concerned by the presence of multiple foreign powers,
armed groups, and non-state actors within Syria, which
have complicated the prospects for a peaceful resolution
to the conflict and led to further destabilization in the
region,
Commending the efforts of the United Nations,
particularly the Office of the Special Envoy for Syria,
the Syrian Constitutional Committee, and the various
humanitarian organizations, in their continued work to
alleviate the suffering of Syrian civilians and bring
about a peaceful resolution to the conflict,
Reaffirming the commitment to upholding the rights of
refugees and internally displaced persons, particularly
in neighboring countries such as Turkey, Lebanon, and
Jordan, who have borne a disproportionate burden in
hosting millions of refugees,
Acknowledging the importance of international cooperation
in facilitating the provision of humanitarian aid and
support for Syria’s post-conflict recovery and
reconstruction,
Expressing the need for continued support for regional
stability and counterterrorism efforts to address the
continued threat of ISIS and other extremist groups
operating within Syrian borders,
Determined to promote a comprehensive, long-term peace
process that addresses the underlying causes of the
conflict, ensures the protection of civilians, and lays
the foundation for Syria’s eventual political transition
and reconstruction.
1. Endorses the Humanitarian Assistance to be delivered to
Syria, alongside emergency relief.
a. Calls for international collaboration to provide
urgent humanitarian aid to Syria.
i. Calls upon regional powers and other UN states,
to collaborate in delivering immediate
humanitarian assistance, including food
packages, shelter, and medical supplies to
displaced populations in Syria;
ii. Encourages the establishment of a multinational
task force, under the coordination of OCHA, to
oversee the deployment of mobile clinics, field
hospitals, and vaccination programs, utilizing
resources from Turkey, Qatar, Japan, European
Union members, and other willing contributors;
iii. Requests member states to contribute to funding
for cross-border humanitarian operations to
ensure the uninterrupted flow of aid into
Syria’s most affected regions;
b. Encourages expanding healthcare support initiatives
in Syria to ensure access to life-saving treatment
and reduce the burden on local health systems.
i. Recommends capable nations provide expertise,
equipment, and personnel for the restoration
and operation of healthcare facilities in
conflict-affected areas;
ii. Calls for international support for mental
health initiatives targeting trauma survivors,
leveraging Turkish NGOs’ expertise and
partnerships with international organizations;
iii. Requests joint funding efforts to rebuild
Syria’s healthcare infrastructure and ensure
the availability of essential medicines and
services;
c. Encouraging Temporary Schools, Educational
Resources, and Teacher Training Initiatives to
Rebuild Syria’s Education System
i. Encourages member states to establish temporary
schools and provide educational resources for
children in war-affected regions;
ii. Requests international support for teacher
training programs aimed at rebuilding the
education system;
d. Advocating for Coordinated International Efforts to
Rebuild Essential Services in Syria, Including
Water, Sanitation, Energy, Housing, and Education,
Supported by UNDP, EU, and Regional Powers
i. Advocates for a coordinated international
effort, led by UNDP and supported by the EU and
regional powers to rebuild water purification
systems, sanitation facilities, electrical
grids and provide housing;
ii. Requests the establishment of a special fund to
finance the rehabilitation of schools,
hospitals, and housing projects in Syria;
iii. Encourages member states1 to contribute
technical expertise and resources to restore
basic services across Syria.
iv. Calls for a phased and conditional lifting of
economic sanctions on the Syrian Arab Republic,
prioritizing the removal of sanctions that
impede humanitarian aid, reconstruction
efforts, and the restoration of essential
services, while maintaining targeted sanctions
against individuals and entities involved in
war crimes or violations of international law.
e. Developing a UN-led Framework for the Safe,
Voluntary Return of Syrian Refugees, Coordinated by
Regional Powers, and Supporting Legal, Social, and
Logistical Assistance for Successful Reintegration
i. Calls for the development of a UN-led
framework to facilitate the safe, voluntary,
and dignified return of Syrian refugees, with
Turkey, Qatar, Jordan, and Lebanon coordinating
logistical support;
ii. Requests member states to assist in resolving
property disputes and providing legal
documentation for returnees;
iii. Encourages programs to foster social cohesion
between returnees and host communities,
supported by local councils and international
NGOs.
f. Urges the strengthening of coordination and
monitoring to ensure the timely and effective
execution of initiatives.
i. Requests the UN Secretary-General to submit
regular reports on the progress of humanitarian
efforts, political transitions, and
reconstruction in Syria;
ii. Encourages the creation of an oversight
committee, composed of representatives from
regional states, and international
organizations, to monitor the implementation of
this resolution;
iii. Supports ongoing multilateral collaboration to
ensure a unified approach to rebuilding Syria
and fostering long-term stability.
2. Considers establishing a neutral political platform for
dialogue. The proposed political platform aims to provide
a neutral, inclusive, and sustainable framework for all
Syrian factions, civil society groups, and international
mediators to engage in dialogue. This platform promotes
consensus-building, resolves grievances and fosters a
shared vision for Syria’s future.
a. Confirms that the venue will be hosted in a neutral
country and managed by The United Nations, ensuring
a secure, accessible, and impartial environment.
b. Calls for the dialogue to be divided into three
phases.
i. Considers immediate priorities such as
ceasefire agreements, humanitarian access,
prisoner exchanges, and the establishment of
safe zones;
ii. Draws the attention to discussions on
transitional governance structures,
constitutional reform, and electoral processes;
iii. Endorses plan for reconstruction,
reconciliation, and the development of
democratic institutes;
3. Approves creating the Syrian International Justice and
Accountability Mechanism (SIJAM) as a hybrid tribunal to
prosecute all individuals responsible for war crimes,
crimes against humanity, genocide, and the crime of
aggression committed on the UN-recognized Syrian Arab
Republic’s territory since 1 March 2011;
a. Calls for The structure to be composed of six judges
(three international, three Syrian), appointed by
the UN Secretary-General following consultations
with Syrian civil society and legal experts.
b. Draws the Attention that The Appeal Chambers must
consist of five judges (three international and two
Syrian), ensuring equitable geographic and gender
representation.
c. Mandates that the Independent Prosecutor's Office be
led by an international prosecutor, who will be
selected by the Secretary-General and supported by
Syrian legal advisors.
d. Deplores the Victims and Witnesses Unit to ensure
protection, psychological support, and meaningful
participation of victims in proceedings.
e. Requests the application of international law,
including the Geneva Conventions (1949), the Rome
Statute of the International Criminal Court, and
customary international law.
f. Demands all UN member States, including the Syrian
Arab Republic, to cooperate with SIJAM, including:
i. Arrest and surrender of suspects.
ii. Provision of evidence and access to
territory.
iii. Freezing of assets linked to accused
individuals.
g. Mandates SIJAM to:
i. Facilitate representation for victims through a
Trust Fund financed by voluntary contributions
and assets confiscated from convicted persons.
ii. Integrate gender-sensitive procedures,
including specialized units for crimes of
sexual and gender-based violence.
h. Encourages SIJAM to collaborate with Syrian civil
society and transitional institutions to promote
accountability as a foundation for a future
democratic Syria.
i. Urges states to condition reconstruction aid and
diplomatic normalization on Syria’s cooperation with
SIJAM
j. Affirms that SIJAM’s mandate shall expire 12 years
after its establishment, subject to extension by the
Security Council.
k. Requests the UN Secretary-General to report annually
to the Security Council on SIJAM’s progress and
challenges.
l. Clarifies that neither President Bashar al-Assad nor
his immediate family members shall be eligible to
request tribunal proceedings.
4. Considers the critical role of free and independent media
in promoting transparency, rebuilding trust, and
fostering reconciliation in post-conflict Syria. This
framework aims to protect journalists, ensure press
freedom, and rebuild a responsible media landscape.
a. Establish a United Nations-supervised Media
Oversight Body to monitor and support the
development of free media in Syria, ensuring
impartiality and adherence to international
standards of journalism. The body can draw on the
expertise of countries like Japan, which has
experience supporting media development in post-
conflict regions such as Afghanistan, Cambodia,
Myanmar, and Iraq. These efforts included
establishing independent media, providing technical
assistance, and promoting ethical journalism. Launch
media training programs for Syrian journalists and
media outlets, focusing on ethical journalism,
conflict-sensitive reporting, and combating
misinformation.
b. Enact legal protections for journalists and media
professionals to ensure their safety and freedom to
report without fear of retaliation and Provide
emergency funding to restore and rebuild media
infrastructure in Syria, such as broadcasting
stations and online platforms;
c. Establish independent media outlets that represent
diverse perspectives, fostering a pluralistic and
balanced information environment and creating
partnerships between international media
organizations and Syrian outlets to promote
knowledge sharing and technical support.
d. Ensuring long-term stability, media literacy
programs will be introduced in schools and
communities, in collaboration with UNESCO and NGOs
like Reporters Without Borders. These efforts,
inspired by successful models in Finland and Japan,
aim to educate the public on identifying credible
news sources and combating misinformation;
i. Declares that a self-sustaining media sector
will be developed through international funding
from the EU and UNDP, local investments, and
grants from organizations like the Open Society
Foundations. This approach will foster
independent journalism and support Syria's
democratic future.
5. Calls upon the United Nations to lead efforts in
rebuilding Syria’s critical institutions, such as
schools, hospitals, and government agencies, ensuring
that they are accessible to all citizens, particularly
those affected by the conflict.
a. Encourages sponsor countries to create a dedicated
fund to support the rebuilding of Syria’s
institutions, with a focus on restoring essential
services and infrastructure, ensuring sustainability
and long-term development;
b. Requests the UNDP to collaborate with the Syrian
government and local authorities in reforming and
rebuilding institutions, ensuring that they are
capable of promoting stability, transparency, and
effective governance;
c. Urges the establishment of long-term programs to
enhance the capacity of local authorities,
particularly in education, healthcare, and
governance, to ensure the rebuilt institutions can
effectively serve Syria’s citizens and contribute to
the country’s recovery;
i. The East-Med pipeline will be rerouted through
Syria.
ii. The Qatar–Turkey pipeline shall be re-routed
through Syria.
6. Requests UN Peacekeeping Forces to be stationed on the
current border between the SDF and the HTS on the river
Euphrates.
a. Approves setting up a demarcation zone spanning 2km
from each bank of the river Euphrates
i. The designated area along the Euphrates River
shall be established as a no-fly zone,
monitored by an international coalition under
UN oversight. Any unauthorized military
incursions or aerial operations within this
zone will be met with coordinated diplomatic
and, if necessary, defensive measures as
determined by the Security Council to ensure
compliance and maintain stability.
ii. If HTS Forces continue to conduct military
operations within the demarcation zone,
Humanitarian Aid and International Recognition
from the UN will be revoked.
b. Authorizes the Department of Peacekeeping Operations
to deploy and station troops inside the demarcation
zone to pressure HTS to sit at the negotiation
tables.
i. If any nation conducts any time of military
operation during this period, it will be
retaliated by the United Coalitions of Major
Global Powers to start air and drone strikes.
ii. DPO will be deployed until negotiations end
between HTS and SDF
c. Calls upon the negotiations between the HTS and SDF,
which will be mediated by the UN:
i. The UN will facilitate discussions between
Syrian armed groups, civil society, and
political actors to explore pathways for
political participation and integration into
the national framework.
ii. Calls for dedicated effort for rebuilding
Syrian Institutes based on the meritocratic
principles
iii. Draws attention to the human and minority
rights within Syria
iv. The United States of America commits to the
complete withdrawal of its forces from Syria by
January 1, 2026. Additionally, it will
discontinue all funding to the SDF and FSA and
will respect Syria’s sovereignty by refraining
from involvement in its internal affairs.
v. Russian military bases will continue to operate
in Syria in accordance with existing agreements
between both nations.
vi. Pan-Arabian Countries will balance the power
vacuum
d. Calls for enhanced international cooperation to
eliminate terrorist organizations operating within
Syria, particularly those threatening the security
of neighboring states, including Turkey; Turkey will
reduce supporting SNA by 30%.
7. Requests UN Peacekeeping Forces to be stationed inside
the Golan Heights
a. Demands Israel to slowly withdraw its forces from
Golan Heights.
b. Authorizes the Department of Peacekeeping Operations
to station proportionally large troops in Golan
Heights to counter any attempt of offensive from the
Syrian or Israeli side.
c. Urges creation of Golan Heights Administration by UN
(GHA), which will be the governing body of Golan
Heights until Syria has free and democratic
elections, which will be observed and administered
by OSCE
d. Affirms that if elections are recognized by the
OSCE/ODIHR, GHA will be disbanded and it will become
a demilitarized zone under Syrian civilian
government control. DPO’s Forces will remain at the
purple line and in Golan Heights until further
solutions can be presented.