Work, Power & Energy

Module Solutions 2023-24

Concept Builder – 1 Concept Builder - 2

 
1. ˆ
W = F·s= F·[(x2 – x 1 )iˆ + (y2 – y 1 )ˆj + (z2 – z1 )k] 1. Work done by variable force acting along

ˆ x-axis from x = x1 to x = x2
W = (6iˆ – 2ˆj + k)·(iˆ + 2ˆj + 3k)
x2
W = 6 – 4 + 3 = 5 Joule =
W ∫=
Fdx ∫ 2xdx
x1
= x22 – x21

2. ˆ ˆ + 5ˆj – 5k)
W = (3iˆ – 2ˆj + 4k)·(5i ˆ
dx
W = 15 – 10 – 20 = –15 Joule 2. m = 1 kg ; x = 2t3 + 2 ; v =
dt
v = 2(3t2) = 6t2
3. W = Fs cos θ
Initial velocity at t = 0 is v1 = 0
25 = 5 × 10 cos θ
Final velocity at t = 2 is v2 = 6.2 = 24
cos θ = 1/2
1 1
θ = 60° W= mv 22 – mv 21
2 2
1
W=× 1 × [242 – 02] = 288 J
4. Wext = – Wgravity 2
Wext = – (–mgh) = mgh
Wext = 0.5 × 10 × 0.2 = 1 Joule 3. F = (10 + 0.5x)
work done by variable force
3–2 m W = ∫Fdx
5. =a = ·g 2
3+2 sec2 2

3g – T = 3a ∫ (10 + 0.5x)dx =
W=
0
21J

T = 24N
4. Work done by two-dimensional variable
1 2 1 2
=S = at =·2·1 1 meter force
2 2
x2 y2
WTension = TS cos θ
WTension = 24 × 1 × cos 180
=W ∫ F dx + ∫ F dy
x1
x
y1
y

WTension = –24 Joule 2 2

W = ∫ 2xdx + ∫ 3ydy = 10 Joule

0 0

6. W = Fs cos θ
t2 ds t
Wgravity = Mg h cos 0 5. =s = , v = ,v
4 dt 2
Wgravity = mgh
at at
t=0 t=2
7. Work done by constant horizontal
v1 = 0 v2 = 1
Force = horizontal force × horizontal
1 1
displacement W.D = mv 22 – mv 21
2 2
= F.R
1 1
W.D = × 6 × 12 – × 6 × 02 =3 Joule
2 2

Work, Power & Energy 1

 x2 12 32 49
6. =v = v1 = v2 2. K2 = K1 ×
2 2 2 100
v1 = 0.5 v2 = 4.5 p22 p2
= 0.49 × 1
1 1 1 2m 2m
W.D = k2 – k1 = mv 22 – mv 21 – mv 21 = 40 J
2 2 2 p2 = 0.7 p1
p1 – p2
Concept Builder - 3 % decrease in momentum = × 100
p1

1. W = Area under F – x graph = 30 %

1
W = 10 × 4 + × 10 × (5 – 4)
2 50
3. p2 = p1 + p1 = 1.5 p1
1 100
– × 10 × (6 – 5)
2 p2 = 1.5 p1
W = 40 J
2mK2 = 1.5 2mK 1

1 K2 = 2.25 k1
2. W= × 10 × (5 – 0) + 10 × (15 – 5)
2 K2 – K 1
× 100 = 125%
1 K1
+ × (10 + 20) (20 – 15)
2
W = 200 J
4. K = 3p
1 1
3. (a) W = 10 × (5 – 0) + × 10 × (10 – 5) mv2 = 3mv
2 2
W = 75 J v = 6 units
1
(b) W = – × 10 × (15 – 10)
2 5. W = ∆KE
W = – 25 J
1 1
1 F×s= mv 22 – mv 21
(c) W = 10 × (5 – 0) + × 10 × (10 – 5) 2 2
2
1 –1 10
– × 10 × (15 – 10) F × 1= × ((800)2 – (100)2 )
2 2 1000
W = 50 J  640000 – 10000 
F = – 
 200
Concept Builder - 4 6300
=F –= –3150N
2
1. Change in velocity of ball F = 3150 N
  
∆v =v2 – v 1 –ve show resistance

∆v= (4ˆj + 3i)
ˆ – (3iˆ – 4ˆj)

∆v =8ˆj 6. using work energy theorm
Change in kinetic energy of ball Wdrag + Wgravity = K2 – K1
 
v 1 = 3iˆ – 4ˆj ; v 1 = v 1 = 32 + 42 = 5 1 1
Wdrag + mgh = mv 22 – mv 21
  2 2
v 2 = 3iˆ + 4ˆj ; v 2 = v 2 = 32 + 42 = 5
1
1 1 Wdrag + 10 × 10 × 20 = × 10 × 102 – 0
∆K = K2 – K1 = mv 22 – mv 21 = 0 2
2 2
Wdrag = – 1500 J

2 Work, Power & Energy

7. using work energy theorem 4. Apply work energy theorem
Wnormal + Wgravity + Wfriction = K2 – K1 Wgravity + WN + Wfk = K2 – K1
0 + mgR + (–µmgd) = 0 – 0 mg (R – l sin 30) + 0 + (–µmgd) = 0 – 0
mgR R 4 where l is distance travelled by ball on
=
d = = = 13.33 m
µmg µ 0.3 incline
mgR – µmgd = mg l sin 30
8. Wgr + Wairfriction = K2 – K1 R – µd 6 – 0.4 × 10
=l = = 4m
mgH + Wairfriction = m [1.2] gH – 0
2 sin30 1/2
Wairfriction = – 0.28 mgH.
Concept Builder - 6
Concept Builder - 5
1. Loss in PE = Gain in KE
80 1
1. ME2 = ME1 mg (hA – hB) = mv2
100 2
mgH2 = 0.8 mgH1 m
v= 2g (hA – hB ) = 20 × 0.5 = 10
H2 = 0.8 H1 sec
H2 = 0.8 × 10 = 8 m
2. WF + Wspring + WN + Wmg = K2 – K1
 1 2 
2. Potential energy of chain can be calculated Fxmax +  – kxmax  + 0 + 0 = 0 – 0
 2
using concept of centre of mass
2F
L xmax =
U1 = mg k
2
m L 2F F2
U2 = g WF = F·x=
max
F= 2
2 4 k k
3
Loss in PE = U1 – U2 =mgL 3. At equilibrium mg = Kx net force on the
8
Assumption → PE at ground is taken to be block is zero but velocity of block is
zero maximum. Hence extension at equilibrium
is not maximum extension.

3. Applying COME
4. Wgr + Wspring = K2 – K1
K + U = 12
1 2
Kmax + Umin = 12 mg (h + xmax) – – kxmax =0–0
2
KE will be maximum where PE is minimum
1 2
d2U 20 (4 + xmax) = 1960 xmax
U = x3 – 3x2 = (6x – 6) > 0 at x = 2 2
dx2 49xm2
– xm – 4 = 0
dU
= 3x2 – 6x PE is minimum at x = 2
dx
1
3x (x – 2) = 0 Umin = 23 – 3.22 = –4 5. Wext =
2
(
k x22 – x21 )
x=0;x=2
1
1 Wext = k (x + y)2 – x2 
2
mvmax + (–4) =
12 2
2
1
1  1 2 Wext = k  y2 + 2yx 
v = 16 2
2  2  max 1
=
Wext ky (y + 2x)
vmax = 8 m/sec. 2

Work Power & Energy 3

 1 2. P = Fv
6. Wext = × 100 [(.05)2 – 02]
2 5 = (ma) v
= 0.125 J  dv 
5 = (2)   (v)
 dt 
v 5
1 1 5
7. k x2 = k x2 ∫ vdv = ∫ 2dt
2 1 1 2 2 2 0 0
2
x1 k2 v 5 m
= ×5 ; v=
5
= 2 2 sec
x2 k1

F1 k 1x 1 k 1 k2 k1 3. Rate of flow through the

= = =
F2 k2 x2 k2 k 1 k2 dm
pipe = Aρv
dt
To double flow rate v should be increased
1 to 2v
8. Wext = k(x22 – x21 )
2 P = Aρv3 (Power of motor)
1 Force on motor F = Aρv2
W= k (12 – 02 )
2 If v is made 2v
1 New Power of motor is 8 times
W' = k (22 – 12 )
2 New force on motor is 4 times
W' = 3W
Wmotor
mgh
4. Poutput = P0 = =
t t
9. Apply COME (30 × 1000) × 10 × 40
P0 =
K1 + U1 = K2 + U2 15 × 60
2 P
1 2 1  v 1 η= 0 × 100= 30
mv= +0 m   + kx2 PI
2 2  2 2
100 12 × 106 100 120
3mv 2 PI = × P0 = × = × 104 W
K= 30 9 × 100 30 27
4x2
 m 
PI = 44.44 kW  taking g = 10 sec2 
Concept Builder - 7 if we take g = 9.8 m/sec2 then
PI = 43.5 kW
1. P = Fv mgh 100 × 9.8 × 10
5. =
P0 = = 1960
25 = (ma) (v) t 5
P
 dv  η= 0 × 100= 60
25 = 2  v v PI
 dx 
P0 1960
25
3 x
25 =
PI = = 3.26kW
∫0 v dv = ∫0 2 dx
2
v dv =
2
dx ; PI 0.6
2
If we take g = 10 m/sec2
3
 v3  25 x then PI = 3.33 kW
  = [x]0
3
 0 2
dv
6. F = constant ⇒ =
constant
18 dt
x= m
25 v∝t
P=F×v⇒P∝t

4 Work, Power & Energy

 Exercise - 1

Work Done by a Constant Force F sin θ F

6. θ S
  F cos θ
1. ˆ ⋅ (3iˆ + 2ˆj – k)
W = F ⋅ d = (2iˆ – ˆj + 4k) ˆ

W=6–2–4=0 (F sin θ + mg = N) …….(1)

Fk = µkN …….(2)
 WF = – FkS
2. ˆ
S = (xB – X A )iˆ + (yB – y A )ˆj + (zB – zA )k k
 WF = – µk [Mg + F sin θ]S
S =(4 – 3)iˆ + (3 – 1)ˆj + (3 – 2)kˆ =ˆi + 2ˆj + kˆ k

F 3iˆ + 2ˆj – kˆ
=
  7. Wext = mgh = 10 × 9.8 × 1 = 98 J
W = F⋅S = 3 + 4 – 1 = 6 J

3. Displacement of man is horizontal but the 8. W FS cos θ

force of normal reaction on man is vertical. 50 = 10 × 10 cos θ
The angle between force and displacement cos θ = 1/2 ⇒ θ = 60°
is 90°. Thus work of normal reaction on
man is zero. t2 ds
9. m=
= 5 kg S = ; V
4 dt
N
t 0 4
V= ; V=
1
= 0 ; V=
2
= 2
2 2 2
1 1
4. W.D = K2 – K1 = mv 22 – mv 21
A B 2 2
1 2
  W.D = × 5 × 2 = 10 J
2
W = F ⋅ S = FS cos θ
θ = 90° Hence WN = 0 

10. F= 5iˆ + 4ˆj ; S= 2iˆ
 
Hand W = F ⋅ S = (5iˆ + 4ˆj) ⋅ 2iˆ = 10J

Block 11. The string pulls the stone towards the

5.
centre and velocity of stone is tangential.
The work done by tension of string in a
Mg
small displacement is zero.
g
Mg – T = M
4
3
T= Mg T
4
W.D by Tension of string = W
dw = 0
W = Th cos 180°
∫dw = w = 0
3
W = – Mgh.
4

5. Semiconductor and Logic Gates 5

    
12. = = F·(r2 – r1 )
W F·S 17. (I) W.D by force
ˆ ˆ = mass × [Area of a-x graph upto x = 4 m]
W= (4iˆ + ˆj + 3k)·(11i
ˆ + 11jˆ – 3k)
1 
W = 11.4 + 1.11 – 3.3 = 46 J W = 2 ×  × 1 × 6 + 3 × 6 =42 J.
2 
  (II) W = 2 × [Area of a-x graph upto x = 7m]
13. W=
F·S = ˆ
F·[(xB – xA )iˆ + (yB – y A )ˆj + (zB – zA )k]
1 1 1 
W =  × 1 × 6 + 3 × 6 + × 1 × 6 – × 1 × 6 × –1 × 6
20(6iˆ + 8ˆj) ˆ ˆ ˆ 2 2 6 
=W ·(i + 2 j + k)
62 + 82 W = 2 × 15 = 30 J
W = 44 J
18. Work done by force is equal to area of
T force Vs displacement graph. The area
above x axis is taken to be positive and
below x-axis is taken as negative.

14. 2 3 dx
19. x = 3t – 4t + t ; V =
dt
2
V = 3 – 8t + 3t
Mg – T = Ma at t = 0 V1 = 3
g at t = 4
2
V2 = 3 – 8 × 4 + 3 × 4 = 19
Mg – T = M
2
W = K2 – K1
Mg
T= 1 1
2 mv 22 – mv 21
W=
2 2
W.D. by Tension of string
1 30
W = Fs cos θ =W = [192 – 32 ] 5.28 J
2 1000
W = Tx cos 180°
Mg Kinetic Energy, Relation Between Kinetic
W=– ·x
2
Energy and Power

Work Done by Variable Force and Graphical p2

20. K=
Method of Work Calculation 2m
when momentum is increased to n times
2
15. W.D by one dimensional variable force kinetic will become n times.
acting along x axis
x2 5 p2 ∆p
21.
= K = × 100 1.5
∫= ∫ (3x + 2x – 7)dx
2
=
W Fdx 2m p
x1 0
∆k ∆p
W = 115 J 100 × = 2 × 100
k p
3 ∆p
16. Work done by variable force is = × 100 = 1.5 %
2 p
x2

=W ∫ Fdx cos θ
x1 K2 – K 1
22. × 100 =
100
x2 K1
k 3
∫=
2
=W kx dx cos 60 (x – x31 ) K2 – K1 = K1
x1
6 2
K2 = 2K1

6 Work, Power & Energy

 p22 p21 26. K2 = 2K1
=2
2m 2m p22 p21
p2 = 2 p1
=2
2m 2m
p2 – p1 2 p1 – p1 p2 = 2 p1
×=
100 × 100
p1 p1
= ( 2 – 1) × 100 27. Let the two balls be A and B mA = 2 kg
= 41.4% mB = 4 kg
Applying Come :- Gain in KE = Loss in PE
23. Let two particles be A and B GAIN in KE = mgh
mA = 1 kg mB = 5 kg
K A mA g (30feet) mA 2 1
Given pA = pB = = = =
KB mB g (30feet) mB 4 2
PA2
KA 2mA 2mB 5 300
= = = 28. K2 = K1 + K = 4K1
KB PB2
2mA 1 100 1
2mB K2 = 4K1 …(1)
p22 p21
=4
p2 2m 2m
24. K=
2m p2 = 2p1 …(2)
p
K = p2 – p1
2m % change in momentum = × 100
p1
1 1
K = 2p1 – p1
p 2m = × 100
p1
1
K = constant = 100 %
p
1 50
Thus graph between K Vs is rectangular 29. p2 = p1 + p = 1.5 p1
p 100 1
hyperbola p2 = 1.5 p1 …(1)
K2 p22 2
= = (1.5) = 2.25 …(2)
K1 p 2
1

% change in kinetic energy

K2 – K 1
× 100 = (2.25 – 1) × 100 = 125
K1
1 2
25. K= mv
2 Work Kinetic Energy Theorem
2
K∝v
2 dx
Thus graph between KE and velocity is 30. x = 6t – 2t + 2 ; v =
dt
parabola
v = 6 – 4t
K
at t1 = 0 v1 = 6 – 4.0 = 6
at t2 = 2 v2 = 6 – 4 × 2 = –2

v W.D by force = change in kinetic energy

W = K2 – K1

Work Power & Energy 7

 1 1 W.D = K2 – K1
W= mv 22 – mv 21
2 2 1 2
–4 = K2 – ×2×4
1 2
W= × 0.1 [4 – 36] = – 1.6 J
2 K2 = 12 J

1 2 1 2
31. W.D = K2 – K1 = mv – mu Conservative and Nonconservative Forces
2 2
36. Work done by conservative force is equal
32. At t1 = 0 v1 = 20 to negative of change in potential energy.
at t2 = 2 v2 = 0 WC = –∆U
1 1 WC = – (U2 – U1)
W.D = mv 22 – mv 21
2 2
WC = U1 – U2
2 2
W.D = × 2 [0 – 20 ] = – 400J

37. Work done by conservative force does not

33. K = Ct [where c is constant]
depend upon path
1 2
mv = Ct
2
38. WI = WII = WIII
2C 1/2 dv
=v = t ; a
m dt
39. Viscous force is an example of non-
2C 1 –1/2
a= t conservative force
m 2
2C 1 –1/2
F = ma ; F = m t 40. Work of conservative force in a round trip
m 2
is zero

34. m = 0.5 kg u = 14 m/s H = 8.0 m WPQ + WQR + WRP = 0

energy dissipated by air drag 5 + 2 + WRP = 0

= Loss in mechanical energy WRP = –7J
= (K1 + U1) – (K2 + U2) WPR = 7 J
1 
=  mu2 + 0 – (0 + mgh)
2  41. Work done by centripetal force in circular
1 motion is always zero.
= mu2 – mgh
2
1 
= × 0.5 × 142 – 0.5 × 9.8 × 8 42. F 3iˆ + 4ˆj
The force acting on the particle =
2
is constant.
= 9.8 Joule
A constant force is always conservative
Hence W1 = W2 as conservative force is
35. Area of F – x graph
1 1 path Independent.
= × (1) (4) – × (1) (4) – 4 × 1
2 2
= –4 43. W.D by conservative force in a round trip is
Area of F-x graph is Work done by the force zero.

8 Work, Power & Energy

44. W.D by non conservative force depends 4 – 16x = 0
upon path and in a round trip work of non 1
x= = 0.25 m
conservative force is non-zero. 4

45. W = ∫ F ds cos θ A B
50. U= –
W = ∫ (µN) (ds) cos π r 12 r6
W = – µN ∫ ds dU
At equilibrium F = – =0
W = – µN 2πr dr
dU 12A 6B
1 = – 13 + 7= 0
W = – 0.5 × 5 × 2π × dr r r
π
W = –5J 2A
r6 =
B
Potential energy at equilibrium
46. W.D by conservative force in a round trip is
A B
always zero. U= –
( 2 A / B) (2A / B)
2

WAB + WBC + WCA = 0

3 + 4 + WCA = 0 B2 B2
U= –
4A 2A
WCA = –7J
B2
WAC = 7J U=–
4A

Potential Energy, Change in potential Conservation of Mechanical Energy

Energy, Potential Energy curve and
51. Loss in potential energy = mgh
Equilibrium
= 2 × 10 × 2
47. W.D in drawing the bucket out of well = = 400 J
Increase in potential energy of water
Wext = U2 – U1 52. Work of external force in stretching a
Suppose PE is assumed to be zero at the spring from x1 to x2
base of well 1 2 1 2
Wext = kx – kx
U1 = 0 2 2 2 1
 15  1 2 2
U2 = (9 kg) (g) (15 m) + (6 kg) (g)  m 4J = k[(10 cm) – O ] …(1)
2  2
Let external work be W'
15
U2 = 9 × 10 × 15 + 6 × 10 × 1 2 2
2 W' = k [(20 cm) – (10 cm) ] …(2)
2
U2 = 1800 J
4J 100
= = ; W ' 12J
W ' 300
48. At stable equilibrium potential energy is
minimum and slope of u – x graph is zero. 53. loss in PE = Gain in KE
1 2
2 U= mv
49. U = (8x – 4x + 400) J 2
dU 2U
At equilibrium F = – =0 m=
dx v2

Work Power & Energy 9

54. Total mechanical energy of ball is mgh and
is conserved because ball is thrown in the
gravitational field to earth.
57. h1 = 10 m
4h h2 = ?
K + mg = mgh
5
mgh
K= 40% of energy is lost on collision means
5
Ratio of kinetic to potential energy is 60% of the energy remains with the ball
mgh 60
mgh2 = × mgh1
K 5 1 100
= =
U 4h 4 h2 = 0.6 h1
mg
5 h2 = 0.6 × 10 = 6 m

L/3
58. KA + UA = KC + UC
0 + mghA = KC + mghC
KC = mg (hA – hC)
55.
KC = 2 × 10 (14 – 7)
KC = 140 J
Suppose PE is zero at the table PE of
hanging part of chain is at its centre of 59. Using work energy theorem we have
mass
Wgravity = change in KE of ball
Initial Potential energy
Wgravity = K2 – K1
2m
U1 = – g hcm At maximum height kinetic energy K2 = 0
3
2m 1  2L  1
=U1 – g×   Wgravity = 0 – mv 21
3 2 3  2
2mgL 1
U1 = – = – × 0.1 × 52
g 2
Final PE of chain U2 = 0 = –1.25 J

Spring Potential Energy and Spring Block

System

Wext = Increase in PE of chain 1

60. Wexternal = k(x22 – x21 )
Wext = U2 – U1 2
 2MgL  2MgL 1
Wext = 0 –  – = Wexternal == × 800 (0.15)2 – (0.5)2 
 g  9 2
Wexternal = 8J

56. In projectile motion the speed of projectile

just before hitting the ground is same as 61. T = kx ...(1)
the speed with which the projectile is T
x=
thrown from the ground. k
So, ∆KE = 0 PE stored in the spring

10 Work, Power & Energy

 1 2 1
U=
2
kx 66. Wext =
2
(
k x22 – x21 )
1 T2 1 2 2
U= k Wext = × 100 × [(0.15) – (0.1) ]
2 k2 2
T2 Wext = 0.625 J
U=
2k
1
67. Wext =
2
(
k x22 – x21 )
1 2
62. U= kx 1
2 Wext =
3 2 2
× 5 × 10 × [(0.1) – (0.5) ]
2
U2 x22
= Wext = 18.75 J
U1 x21

102 Power
U2 = U ×
22 
68. P = F·V
U2 = 25 U
P = FV cos θ ; θ = 0°
P = 4500 × 2
63. Applying COME we have loss in KE of block
P = 9000 W = 9 kW
= Gain in PE of spring
1 1 
mv 2 = kx2 69. P = F·V
2 2 
Where F is forward force on the car due
m 
x= v to engine. The force F is parallel to
k
velocity
16 P = FV cos θ
=
x ×=
4 1.6 m
100
5
100 × 746 = F 72 × ×1
18
3
m F = 3730 N = 3.73 × 10 N
64. x= v
k
0.5 W mgh
x= × 1.5= 0.15 m 70. =
Pavg =
50 t t
300 × 9.8 × 2
=Pavg = 1960 W
3

W1
P1 t1 t2 W1
71. = =
65. P2 W2 t 1 W2
t2
P1 9 m1gh 9 5 15
Loss in gravitational potential energy = = × =
P2 11 m2 gh 11 3 11
= Gain in potential energy of spring
1 2 
mg xmax = kx 72. Let F be forward force on tyres due to
2 max
engine
2mg 
xmax = P = F·V
k

Work Power & Energy 11

 7 × 1000 = FV v x
P
∫ v dv = ∫
2
dx
5 0 0
m
7 × 1000 = F × 40 ×
18
v3 P
F = 630 N = x
3 m
Since velocity of car is constant hence
m 3
x= v
resistance force on car should be 630 N 3P
opposite to the direction of forward force 3
x∝v

75. Rate of flow of water

73. Let forward force by motor on water

 molecules = F

F=AρV
2

T – 10 g = 10 a
To obtain 3 times water speed should be
g
T – 10 g = 10 2
2 increased 3 times and because F ρ V ,
T = 150 N Force should be increased to 9 times.
Displacement of Block
1 2
S = ut + at
2
1 10 2 76.
S=0×2+ 2
2 2
S = 10 m. θ
Work done by Tension of string Inclined plane rising I in 40 means. height
W = TS = 150 × 10 = 1500 Joule
of incline is I and length of incline is 40
Average power delivered by Tension of
1
string in the first two seconds sin θ =
40
W 1500
=
Pavg = = 750 watt since block moves with constant velocity
t 2
hence F = 4g sin θ

74. P = FV 1
F = 4 × 9.8 ×
40
(Given Power P is constant)
F = 0.98 N.
P = (ma) (v)
Point put = FV = 0.98 × 40 = 39.2
dv
P = mv v
dx P0 P0
η= × 100 ; 50= × 100
2dv P PI P3
v =
dx m PI = 78.4 watt
P
v 2 dv = dx
m

12 Work, Power & Energy

 
Wmotor mgh 81. P = F·V
77. =
Pmotor =
t t P = FV cos θ
2238 × 10 × 30
746 =    
t W F·S F·(d2 – d1 )
t = 900 seconds = 15 minutes 82. = = =
Pavg
t t t
(3iˆ + 4ˆj)·(8iˆ + 6ˆj)
= Pavg = 8 Watt
78. Power transferred to turbine 6
= Loss in potential energy of water per unit

time 83. P = F·V
mgh  m Note that power P is constant
=P =   gh
t  t P = (ma) (v)
kg m dv
P = 100 × 10 × 100m P = mv
sec sec2 dt
P = 100 kW P
vdv = dt
m
1 P
W Fs
f at2 ∫ vdv = ∫ m dt
79. = = =
Pavg 2
t t t V2 P
= t
at 2 m
Pavg = F [u sin g v = u + at v = 0 + at]
2 2P 1/2
at = v V= t
m
Fv ds 2P 1/2
Pavg = = t
2 dt m
2P 1/2
80. = =
Pavg
W mgh 80 × 9.8 × 6
=
∫ ds = ∫ m
t dt
t t 10
2P t3/2
Pavg = 470.4 Watt = 0.63 hp S=
m 3/2

Work Power & Energy 13

 Exercise - 2

1. =F 3x2ˆi + 4ˆj W.D = K2 – K2
2
Fx = 3x , Fy = 4 1 2
W.D = mv
x2 y2
2
=W ∫ F dx + ∫ F dy
x y W.D =
1 v2
m 21 t2
x1 y1
2 t1
3 0

∫ 3x dx + ∫ 4dy
2
=W
2 3
xy
3 0 4. U = 20
W x  + 4  y 3
= 3 z
2
–1
3 3 U = 20 xyz
W = 3 – 2 + 4 [0 – 3] = 7 Joule
∂U –1
Work energy theorem says that work done Fx = – – 20 yz
∂x
by the force is equal to change in its kinetic
∂U –1
energy. Fy = – = – 20 xz
∂y
∂U –2
2. Since body accelerates at a uniform rate Fz = – = – 20 xy (–1)z
∂z
therefore a constant force (say F) must be xy
Fz = 20
acting on the particle. z2

using v = u + at F = Fxˆi + Fyˆj + Fzkˆ
v1 = 0 + at1
 y x xy
=F –20 ˆi – 20 ˆj + 20 2 kˆ
v1 z z z
a= …(1)
t1 Note- The equation is based on the
The velocity of particle after 't' time is concept of relation between force and
v1 potential energy.
v = u + at ; v= 0 + t …(2)
t1

P = F·v v0 v'
fk = µkmg
P = Fv cos θ ; θ = 0° 5.
A
P = (ma) v
th
3
v v  of kinetic energy is lost means final
P = m 1   1 t 4
 t1   t1  th
1
v 21 kinetic energy is of initial value
P=m t 4
2
t 1 1 1 1
mv '2= × mv 20
2 4 2
v1 v0
3. a= v' = …(1)
t1 2
velocity after t time fk
Retardation of block a =
m
v = at
µkmg
v1 a=
v= t m
t1
a = µg

14 Work, Power & Energy

 using v = u – at 1 1 1
=
Umin =– –
v0 4 2 4
= v 0 – µg · t 0
2 Given TME = 2 J
v0 K + U = 2J
µ=
2gt0 Kmax + Umin = 2

1 2  1
mvmax + –  =
2
6. x1 and x3 are not equilibrium positions 2  4
because slope of u-x graph is non-zero at 1 2 9
mvmax =
these positions. 2 4
x2 is equilibrium position but it is unstable 3
vmax = m / sec
2
equilibrium position as potential energy is
maximum there
N
Woutput h = 10m
7. × 100 =
75
Winput
9.
mgh 75 mg
= Wfk
12J 100
mgh = 9J …(1) Applying work energy theorem, we have
When block is allowed to fall from 'h' Wext + Wf + WN + Wgr = K2 – K1
k
height we can use COME
300 + Wf + 0 + [–mgh] = 0 – 0
k
1 2
mv = mgh …(2) 300 + Wf – 2 × 10 × 10 = 0 – 0
2 k

1 Wf = – 100 J
× 1 × v2 =9 k
2
–ve sigh shows work is done against the
v= 18 m / sec
friction

x 4 x2 1 3
8. U= – 10. S= t
4 2 3
dU
PE will be minimum when =0 dS 2
dx = v= t
dt 3
1 3 1
4x – 2x = 0 2
4 2 v1 = ×0= 0
3
3
x –x=0 2 4
2 v2 = ×2 =
x (x – 1) = 0 3 3
i.e., x = 0 and x = ± 1 W.D = K2 – K1
d2U 1 1
= 3x2 – 1 W.D = mv 22 – mv 21
dx 2 2 2
d2U 1 16 8
at x = + 1 or x = –1 >0 W.D = ×3× =J
dx2 2 9 3
hence PE in minimum

Work Power & Energy 15

11. Loss is gravitational potential dm
we know = Aρv
energy = Gain in PE of spring dt
1 2 dK 1
mg xmax = kx = [Aρv]v 2 [Aρ = m]
2 max dt 2
2mg dK 1
xmax = = mv 3
k dt 2

13. energy lost due to air friction

12. V = ME1 – ME2
1
density of fluid = ρ = mv 2 – mgh
2
Area of cross-section = A
1
speed of fluid = v = × 1 × 202 – 1 × 10 × 18
2
mass per unit length of water = m = Aρ = 20 J
Rate at which kinetic energy is imparted to
water
dK 1 dm 2
= v
dt 2 dt

16 Work, Power & Energy

 Exercise - 3

A B
V 5. U= –
1. r2 r
dU
The motor pump exerts thrust force (F) on =
At equilibrium F –= 0
dr
water molecules that causes them to
2A B
come out of pipe with speed v – =0
r 3 r2
2
F = Aρv …(1) 2A
r=
P = Fv = Aρv
3
…(2) B

Aρ = ml = mass per unit length of water

6. P0 = Fv
3 3
P = mlv = 100 × 2 = 800 W
P0 = (ma) (v)
 dv 
2. ∆U = WC P0 = m (v)  
 dt 
Potential energy will increase when work v t
P0
of conservative force is negative i.e., work ∫ vdv =
0
∫ m dt
0

is done against the conservative force v P2

= 0 ·t
2 m
3. power delivered by gravitational force will 2P0
=v t ⇒ v ∝ t 1/2
be maximum when both gravitation force m
and velocity is maximum and parallel to

each other, gravitational force decreases 7. F= 3iˆ + ˆj, m =2kg
 ˆ 
as we go up speed of body decreases r1 =2iˆ + k, 4iˆ + 3ˆj – kˆ
r2 =
during upward journey and increases   
displacement S = r2 – r1
during return journey 
S 2iˆ + 3ˆj – 2kˆ
=

=
W F·s = 9J
F(N)

2 8. Retarding force F = 0.1 x

F = –0.1 x

4. minus sign says that force is opposite to

velocity i.e retarding in nature
d(m)
3 7 12 W = k2 – k1
W.D by the force = Area of Force Vs 1
∫ Fdx
= k2 –
2
× 10 × 102
displacement graph
30

= 2 × (7 – 3) +
1
× (12 – 7) × 2 ∫ –0.1xdx = K 2
– 500 J
2 20
30
=8+5  x2 
−0.1   = K2 − 500
= 13 J  2  20
K2 – 500 = – 25
K2 = 475 J

Work Power & Energy 17

9. P = Fv 13. Wgravity = mgh
Given that power is constant  1 
Wgr =  × 10 × 1000
k = (ma) v  1000 
k dv Wgr = 10 J
=v
m dt Let work of resistive forces of air be Wf
v t
k Kinetic energy of drop before hitting the
∫ vdv = ∫ m dt …(2)
00 0 1 1 1
ground = mv 2 = × × 50 × 50
v 2 kt 2 2 1000
=
2 m 25 5
Kf = = = 1.25
2kt 20 4
v= Ki = 0
m
Wgr + Wf = Kf – Ki
k k m
=
F = 10 J + Wf = 1.25
v 2kt
Wf = 1.25 – 10 = –8.75 J
mk –1/2
F= t
2 y2 1

14. W=∫ Fdy =∫ (20 + 10y)dy =25J

y1 0
v2
10. h= L
2g  10y2 
= 20y + 
 2 0
v2
0.8 =
2 × 10  10 
= 20 + 
v= 20 × 0.8 = 16 = 4  2
p = mv = 50 × 4 = 25 J
p = 200 kg m/sec
F(N)
 20
11. F (2tiˆ + 3t2ˆj)N
=
 A1
dv A5
m = 2tiˆ + 3t2ˆj A2
dt X(m)
 5 8 12
v
 t t
A3
15.
∫ (I)dv = ∫ 2tiˆ + dt + ∫ 3t ˆjdt
2

0 0 0 –20 A4
 –25
v t2ˆi + t3ˆj
=
 Let velocity at x = 8 be V8
P = F·v
3 5 Let velocity at x = 12 be V12
P = 2t + 3t
1
Area A1 + Area A2 = mv 28 – 0
 2
12. =
r1 –2iˆ + 5ˆj
Area A1 + Area A2 – Area A3
 ˆ
r=
2
4ˆj + 3k 1
– Area A4 + Area A5 = mv 212 – 0
   2
r= r2= r= 1
2iˆ – ˆj + 3kˆ
 (concept used is : Area of F-x graph gives
=
F 4iˆ + 3ˆj work done by the force. Area above x axis

= 8–3 +=
W = F·s 0 5J gives positive work and Area below x axis
gives negative work)

18 Work, Power & Energy

 A 17. Pinput = mgh
= 15 × 10 × 60
Pinput = 9000 W
S B
16. h Poutput = 90% Pinput
P0 = 0.9 × Pin
C
P0 = 0.9 × 9 kW
KB = 3UB …(1)
P0 = 8.1 kW
Applying COME we have
KA + UA = KB + UB F
0 + mgS = 3UB + UB
mgS = 4 mgh v = 1.5
18.
S 3000 N
h=
4
KB = 3UB
20,000 N
1 S P=F·v
mvB2 = 3mg
2 4
P = 23000 × 1.5
3gS P = 34500 W
vB =
2

Work Power & Energy 19