Human Body and Organ System

EXERCISE [PAGE 82]

Exercise | Q 1 | Page 82
Find out my partner.
Group 'A' Group 'B'

1. Heart beats a. 350 ml

2. RBC b. 7.4

3 WBC c. 37∘C

4 Blood donation d. 72

5 Normal body Temperature e. 50-60 lakh/mm3

6 pH of oxygenated blood f. 5000-6000 per mm3

Solution:

Group 'A' Answer

1. Heart beats d. 72

2. RBC e. 50-60 lakh/mm3

3 WBC f. 5000-6000 per mm3

4 Blood donation a. 350 ml

5 Normal body Temperature c. 37∘C

6 pH of oxygenated blood b. 7.4

Exercise | Q 2 | Page 82
Complete the following table.
Organ system Organs Functions
1. Respiratory
2. Circulatory system
Solution:
Organs Functions

Organ system

1. Respiratory Traps dust particles and microbes and prevents

Nose
their entry in the respiratory system.

Acts as a passage for the entry of air into the

Pharynx
wind pipe.

Acts as a passage through which air passes into

Wind pipe
the lungs.

Lungs Exchange of gases occurs in lungs.

2. Heart The main organ from where circulation of blood
Circulatory system to different body parts occurs.

Blood Closed system of vessels which help in

vessels circulation of blood.

Exercise | Q 3.1 | Page 82

Draw neat and labeled diagram.
Respiratory system

Solution:

Exercise | Q 3.2 | Page 82

Draw neat and labeled diagram.
Internal structure of heart.

Solution:

Exercise | Q 4.1 | Page 82

Explain with reasons.
Human blood is red colured.

Solution: Human blood is red in colour due to the presence of the respiratory pigment
haemoglobin. Haemoglobin is a pigment which is red in colour and thus imparts red
colour to the blood.
Exercise | Q 4.2 | Page 82
Explain with reasons.
Upward and downward movement of diaphragm occurs consecutively.

Solution: Diaphragm is a muscular partition which is present between the thoracic

cavity and abdominal cavity. During the process of breathing, the upward and
downward movement of diaphragm occurs simultaneuosly. When we inhale, the ribs
rise up while the diaphragm lowers down simulatenously causing a decrease in
pressure on lungs. This results in the moving of air into lungs through nose. As the ribs
return to their original position, diaphragm rises up leading to the increase in pressure
inside the lungs. This results in moving of the air outside the nose.
Exercise | Q 4.3 | Page 82
Explain with reasons.
Blood donation is considered to be superior of all donations.

Solution: Blood donation is considered superior of all donations because it can save
someome's life. Most of the lives are lost due to blood loss during surgeries, accidents
or cases where regular blood transfusion is required. These lives can be saved, if
adequate amount of blood is available.
Exercise | Q 4.4 | Page 82
Explain with reasons.
person with 'O' blood group is considered as 'universal donor'

Solution: Person with 'O' blood group is considered as 'universal donor' because such
an indivisual can donate blood to a person having any other blood group.
Exercise | Q 4.5 | Page 82
Explain with reasons
Food must have limited amount of salts.

Solution: Food must have limited amount of salts as we require limited amounts of
these in our body. Excessive salts in food can lead to accumulation of water in different
parts of the body such as arms, legs etc. and lead to edema. Too much salt leads to
increase in the blood pressure as well.
Exercise | Q 5.1 | Page 82
Answer the follwing question in your own words.
Explain the functional correlation of circulatory system with respiratory, digestive and
excretory system.
Solution: The functional corelation between circulatory system with respiratory,
digestive and excretory system is as follows:
We already know that during respiration exchange of gases occurs in the lungs. The
respiratory system causes the diffusion of oxygen into the blood and the diffusion of
CO2 out of the blood. The oxygen is then transported to cells of the body via the
circulatory system.
The digestive system is responsible for producing nutrients by breaking complex
molecules into simpler ones. The circulatory system then tranports these nutrients to
different cells and tissues.
The excretory system is responsible for the elmination of waste products from the body.
These waste products are transported by blood to the excretory system.

Exercise | Q 5.2 | Page 82

Answer the follwing question in your own words.
Explain the structure and function of human blood.
Solution: Blood is a fluid connective tissue that flows in blood vessels. It is composed
of two components- plasma and blood cells.

Plasma is a yellowish colour fluid, made up of water (~90%) and some dissolved
nutrients, proteins, hormones and waste products.
Blood consists of three types of blood cells. These are
i. Red Blood Cells: They contain a red pigment called haemoglobin, which transports
oxygen to all body cells.
ii. White Blood Cells: They fight against germs that enter the body. Thus, they protect
the body from diseases.
iii. Platelets: When we get injured, bleeding stops after some time. This happens
because of the activity of platelets, which help in the clotting of blood.

Functions of blood:
• It transports nutrients and oxygen to the different parts of the body.
• It also carries waste materials (from the different parts of the body) to be
removed by the excretory organs.
• Chemical messengers like hormones are transported by the blood.
• Protects the body from disease carrying germs.
• Helps to maintain a constant body temperature.

Exercise | Q 5.3 | Page 82

Answer the follwing question in your own words.
Explain the importance and need of blood donation.

Solution: Blood donation is one of the biggest donations of an inidivisual towards their
society. Blood loss can occur under circumstances of accidents, during surgeries or in
case of diseases which require blood transfusion. Adequate amount of available blood
can save many lives. It does not harm or effect the body of the donor and the amount of
blood which is donated is recovered within 24 hrs.
This donated blood can be stored and used as and when the requirement arises.
Exercise | Q 6.1 | Page 82
Explain the differences.
Arteries and veins.

Solution:
Veins
Arteries

1. Carries blood towards organs and away Carries blood towards heart and away
from heart. from organs.
2. Carries fully oxygenated blood Carries deoxygenated and CO2 enriched
blood.
3. Blood flows with high pressure and Blood flows with low pressure and
jerks,. smoothly.
4. Have no valves Have valves to prevent backflow of blood.
5. Walls are elastic. Walls are non-elastic.
6. Are Deeply placed. Are superficial.
7 Branched and decreases in size. Unites and increases in size
8. Can constrict and dilate Cannot constrict.
9. Have thick and muscular walls Have thin and less muscular walls.
10. Smallest artery is called arteriole Smallest vein is called Venules.
Exercise | Q 6.2 | Page 82
Explain the differences.
External and internal respiration

Solution:

External respiration Internal respiration

1. It occurs between the body and external It occurs at the cellular level.
environment.
 2. It is a mechanical process. It is a chemical process.

3. It can be both- voluntary and involuntary It is only an involuntary action.

action.

Exercise | Q 7 | Page 82
Which health parameters of blood donor should be checked?
Solution: The following parameters of blood donors have to be checked prior blood
donation:

1. Age – There is a set age before which and after which blood donation can be done or
not respectively.

2. Weight – Weight of individuals is also an important factor as underweight indivisuals

are not allowed to donate blood. In underweight indivisuals, the likelihood of having a
reaction such as dizziness and fainting following donation are higher.

3. Heart, lung, and blood disease – Donors are enquired about any prior history of
heart, lung, or blood diseases. People with heart disease, heart valve conditions,
irregular heartbeat, disease of the blood vessels in the brain, heart failure, and certain
lung conditions may be excluded from blood donation. Certain blood diseases such as
iron deficiency anemia or chronic leukemia may also lead to exclusion.

4. Other medical conditions – Any other medical condition such as diabetes,

hypertension, hypotension, fever etc. are also checked before blood donation.

5. Recent surgery – People with recent surgery are not allowed for donating blood.
However, after an year of surgery they can donate blood but only if healing is complete
and they have resumed full activity.

6. Pregnancy – Women who are pregnant are not permitted to donate blood during
pregnancy and for six weeks after the pregnancy ends.

Exercise | Q 8.1 | Page 82

Fill in the blanks using appropriant words given in the bracket.
RBCs of the blood conatin __________, an iron compound.

Solution: RBCs of the blood conatin hemoglobin, an iron compound.

Exercise | Q 8.2 | Page 82
Fill in the blanks using appropriant words.
__________ is present between thoracic and abdominal cavity.

Solution: Diaphragm is present between thoracic and abdominal cavity.

Exercise | Q 8.3 | Page 82
Fill in the blanks using appropriant words.
Cardiac muscles are ____________

Solution: Cardiac muscles are involuntary.

Exercise | Q 8.4 | Page 82
Fill in the blanks using appropriant words
pH of oxygenated blood is _________.

Solution: pH of oxygenated blood is alkaline.

Exercise | Q 8.5 | Page 82
Fill in the blanks using appropriant words.
Production of RBCs occurs in__________

Solution: Production of RBCs occurs in red bone marrow.

Exercise | Q 9.1 | Page 82
Find odd one out.
A, O, K, AB, B.

Solution: K is the odd one out because it is an inorganic ion while rest of the four are
types of blood groups.
Exercise | Q 9.2 | Page 82
Find odd one out.
Blood plasma, platelets, blood transfusion, blood corpuscles.

Solution: Blood transfusion is the odd one out because it is a techniques for transfer
ing of blood from donor to repeient. Rest of the three are components of blood.
Exercise | Q 9.3 | Page 82
Find odd one out.
Trachea, alveoli, diaphragam, capillaries.
Solution: Capillaries are the odd one out because they are a part of the circulatory
system while rest of the three are parts of the respiratory system.
Exercise | Q 9.4 | Page 82
Find odd one out.
Neutrophils, globulins, albumins, prothrombin.

Solution: Neutrophils are the odd one out because they are a type of blood cell. Rest
of the three are components of the plasma.
Exercise | Q 10 | Page 82
Read the following paragraph and identify the disease.
Today, her child became one and half year old. However, that child does not seem to be
healthy and happy. It was continuously crying and gradually becoming weak. It has
shortness of breath. Its nails have become blue.

Solution: From the above mentioned symptoms, it seams like the child is suffering from
some kind of respiratory disorder/circulatory disorder. He has problem in breathing and
his nails have become blue which means there is low level or lack of oxygen circulating
in the red blood cells. It is known as cyanosis.
It occurs when enough oxygen is not present in blood, thus making the skin or
membrane below the skin turn purplish-blue.
Exercise | Q 11 | Page 82
Your neighboring uncle has been diagnosed with hypertension. what should he do to
keep hsi blood pressure within normal range?
Solution: The following methods can be adopted to keep the blood pressure within
normal range:
• loose the extra weight
• exercise or do yoga regularly
• eat a healthy balanced diet containing fruits and vegetables
• reduce the amount or salt in food
• avoid alcohol and smoking
• reduce the amount of stress by indulging in your favourite activities
• regular monitoring of blood pressure