METRIC AND ISO SCREWS

Metric or ISO screws can be visually distinguished because when observing the
on the head, there are some numbers in high relief (4.8 / 5.8 / 8.8 / 12.9).

The dimensions of metric screws and ISO are specified in mm.

Example complete notation of a screw

Bolt. Cab. Hex. M20 x 2 x 60 DIN 960 6g 8.8 (1)

Denomination or name: Hexagonal screw (nut or screw and shape of the)

head)
Thread Size M20 (M for millimetric and 20 nominal diameter in mm)
Thread pitch 2 mm (see tables)
Length of the stem 60 mm
Standard that specifies the form and characteristics of the screw: DIN 960 (not always is
possible to meet her)
6g Execution and accuracy of measurements (adjustment between nut
and screw)
8.8 Resistance class or mechanical properties.
This number is taken, multiplied by 100, and this gives the value of the
tensile strength of the material in MPa.
The last term is taken, divided by 10, and this result is
multiply by the tensile strength and this is the value of the resistance to
the fluidity of the material with which the screw was made.

The length that is involved in the designation is as follows:

1. In general, the indicated length corresponds to the total length of the
stem.
2. For screws with a contetón end (pinadero), the indicated length includes the
length of the detonate.
3. For countersunk screws, the indicated length is the total length of the
screw

d d
d

Figure 4. Different lengths of the screws

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For the length of the Bristol (Allen) headless screws, the length is specified.
total of the element.

If it were a nut, in notation (1) what concerns the ...

length.

AMERICAN SCREWS SAE

American screws (according to SAE standard) are visually distinguishable,

because when observing the head there appear:

Some embossed labels, arranged radially

There are no labels or numbers

Example of full notation of a screw

Torn cab hex. 1/4 "–28 UNF–3"- 3B–LH G5

Name or designation: Hexagonal screw (nut or screw and shape of the

head
1/4 " nominal major diameter of the thread.
28 is the gauge, expressed in threads per inch.
UNF is the series of threads, in this case unified fine (Unified National Fine).
It could also be UNC (Unified National Coarse) or UNS (Unified National
Special). See tables
3B: the 3 indicates the adjustment (the relationship between an internal thread and an external one when it is
B indicates an internal thread. An A indicates a nut.
The thread indicates that it is left-handed. (When there is no indication at all, it
Assume that the thread is right-handed.
If it is a screw, the length is written following the series of threads.
in inches.
G5: it is the mechanical resistance of the screw
In American-made screws, more symbols are added for information.
The degree of adjustment and special treatments

Regarding the direction of rotation, in the designation it indicates 'left' if it is a thread.

to the left side, if nothing is indicated it means it is to the right side.
Similarly, if you have more than one entry it is indicated as '2 ent' or '3 ent'. If not, it
It indicates nothing about it; it is implied that it is a thread for an inlet.
and in the sense of moving forward right.

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Some types of threads

V-shaped Rosca
It is applied where the grip due to friction or the fit is important, such as in
precision instruments, although their use is currently rare.

P/2
P

60°

Rounded Ring
P

P/2 P/2
R=P/4

It is used in bottle caps and light bulbs, where not much is required.
force, it is quite suitable when the threads need to be molded or
laminated in metal sheet.

Unified American National Ring

This form is the basis of the standard threads in the United States, Canada and
Great Britain.

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 P P/8 P/2 Rounded or
plan
60°

Square Screw
This screw can transmit all forces in a direction nearly parallel to the axis, to
Sometimes the square fillet is modified by giving it a conicity or inclination.
from 5° to the sides.
P
P
P/2 P/2

Acme Thread
It has generally replaced the truncated thread. It is more resistant,
easier to carve and allows the use of a split nut or disengagement
that cannot be used with a square threaded screw.

Acme threads are used where a lot of force needs to be applied. They are used
to transmit motion in all types of machine tools, jacks, presses
large 'C', bench screws and fasteners. The Acme threads have an angle
of 29° thread and a large flat face on the crest and in the root. The threads
Acmes were designed to replace the square thread, which is difficult to manufacture and
brittle.

There are three classes of Acme thread, 2G, 3G, and 4G, and each has clearances in all.
dimensions to allow free movement. Class 2G threads are used in the
most of the sets. 3G and 4G classes are used when allowed
less play or slack, such as in the spindle of a lathe or on the table
of a milling machine.

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 P 3P/8

29°

P 0.422P

29°

Whitworth thread
Used in Great Britain for general use, its equivalent being the screw
American National.

P P/8
Rounded or
plan a
0.137 55°

0.640P

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Endless Screw
It is used on axes to transmit force to the worm gears.

0.335P P P/2 0.31P

29°

Trapezoidal Thread
This type of thread is used to direct force in one direction. It is used in
cats and cannon locks.

Bolts with International metric thread.

They are widely used in most commercial, automotive, and industrial applications.

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 Thread Verification.
A thread gauge or "comb" or thread calibrator is a set of sheets with threads (of
different steps or threads per inch) inscribed on one of its sides and held with a
screw to a base.
They are used for quick checks of thread specifications or to check size of
rings during manufacturing (that are not very precise).

For verifications during the manufacturing of precision threads, the following are used
patterns for threads, which are homologous to the patterns used for
single axis and hole systems (go/no-go gauges). Next, we
they appreciate some examples of its use.

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TOLERANCES IN THREADS
For proper functioning of a threaded coupling, it is necessary that
the internal and external thread must fit perfectly, for this it must be fulfilled:

• The screw and nut should be of the same thread type (W, SAE, ISO)
• Let the screw and nut have the same nominal dimension.
• That the screw and nut have a common thread pitch.

Like any manufacturing, tolerance conditions quality, that's why the

Tolerance series allow obtaining threads of a certain quality.
intended for a specific function.
The threaded parts must be interchangeable with each other and provide a good fit.
on the flanks. The interchangeability is guaranteed by the system of
tolerances for threads.

Tolerance unit
Just like in cylindrical adjustments, according to manufacturing needs, we
they have normalized various degrees of quality and are expressed from the Unit
of Thread Adjustment, whose value in microns is obtained from:

[Link] 672Step(mm)

The established quality grades are three: Fine, medium, and coarse.
Fine quality screw. Diameter tolerance on the flanks = 1 UAR.
Medium quality thread. Tolerance of the diameter on the flanks = 1.5 UAR.
Coarse quality thread. Diameter tolerance on the flanks = 2.5 UAR

Zone of tolerance
Just as in cylindrical assemblies, there are tolerance zones, which
they appreciate in the following figure.

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Table 3 attached illustrates a series of tolerance recommendations,
related to the nominal size,

Table 3. Recommended tolerances by ISO for threads

S, N, L: longitudes de las roscas;S:short N:normal long

Measurement of external threads

The outer diameter d can be measured with a micrometer or a caliper.
correctly.

Measurement of internal threads

The diameter in the core requires instruments that have points or blades and by rule
Micrometers are generally used for threads.

DEFECTS OF THREADS
For the union of a screw to fulfill its mission, it is necessary that the threads of the bolt and the
nuts adapt to each other; The main defects are:
Unequal outer and core diameter. Uneven step.

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Unequal flank angle. Metric thread combination
with American thread, with diameters and pitches seemingly the same.
Twisted thread profile (Partial angle of the unequal flank)
EYE
•Sea t = absolute tolerance
12.10.6
tp = step tolerance tp
P
ta = tolerance of the fillet angle brohter39P
•td = tolerance of the average diameter td 40(0.45d 0.001d)
t=tp+ta+td

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