Problems

PROBLEM 01

Find the density of aluminum if it is known that 42g of it is equivalent to 0.53 m3.
of its volume.

Solution:

We convert from g to kg

1kg = 1000g

42g x 1kg/1000g = 0.042kg

Datos:

M = 0.042kg

V = 0.53m3

Problem 2.

A cylindrical container with a diameter of 1.00m and a height of 2.00m weighs 30.00kg when filled.
In a liquid, the set weighs 1500.00 kg, determine the specific weight of the liquid.
density and specific relative weight or relative density.

Solution:

d = 1.00m

2.00m

30.00kg

1500.00kg
Specific weight

Density

Relative density or specific weight relative

PROBLEM 03

If an oil reservoir has a volume of 0.917 m3 and has a mass of 825 Kg.
Find its density and specific weight

Solution:

Density (ρ): ρ =

ρ = =
 Specific weight ( ): =

⁄
=

= ⁄

= 8.83 ⁄

Problem 04

A cylindrical can with a diameter of 150 mm contains 100 mm3 of oil. With a
1.56 kg

ρ =

ρ = =

Specific weight ( ): =

⁄
=

= ⁄

equals 153⁄

Specific gravity (s.g)

g.e =

g.e =

g.e = 0.0
Hydrostatic force acting on the door of a submerged car

A heavy vehicle accidentally plunged into a lake and was left on its wheels. The door
It measures 1.2 m in height and 1 m in width, and its upper edge is 8 m below the.
free water surface. Determine the hydrostatic force on the door and the location of the
center of pressure

Hypothesis

The surface of the bottom of the lake is horizontal.

The passenger cabin is sealed, so that water does not leak inside.

3. The door can be roughly considered as a vertical rectangular plate.

4. The pressure in the passenger cabin remains at atmospheric value, since it is not
filters water inward, thus atmospheric pressure can be eliminated in the
calculations

The weight of the car is greater than the buoyant force.

Fr = pghcA
 Fr = (1,000 kg/m39.81 m/s2(8 + 1.2/2m)(1x1.2m2)

101239.2 N

Calculation of the center of pressure

In the figure we will see next, we have a pond full of gasoline whose
The total depth of the pond is 12 feet. The wall is 40 feet wide. Calculate the
magnitude of the resultant force on the wall and the location of the center of pressure. The gravity
The specific gravity of gasoline is equal to SG=0.68g/cm.3.

( )

Hg= 6 ft

(0.68g/cm3)( = 42.452

A = 12ft x 40ft = 480ft2

(42.452 ( 480ft2122261.76 lbF

 YP

8ft

Determine the force due to the action of water on the flat rectangular surface AB of 2m.
1 m high and 1 m wide as shown in the figure.

Determine your position.

Determining the forces

Determination of the point of application

̅
̅
Calculate the magnitude and point of application of the horizontal force acting on the gate.
plane and vertical shown in the figure.

The force F1q acts on the square surface is

And its point of application, with respect to the surface of the water,

( )
̅
̅

The force F2, which acts on the triangular surface is

̅ ( )

And its point of application, with respect to the surface of the water,
 ( )
̅
̅
( )

The total force on the composite surface is

The static moment of the force Ftregarding the surface of the water is equal to the moment of the
partial forces F1y F2regarding the same surface.

By isolating and substituting, we have

Find the magnitude and line of action of the force on each side of the gate shown in
the figure. Determine F to open the gate if it is homogeneous and weighs 3000 kg. The width
The gate is 1.80 m.

The length of the gate is

Determination of the force produced by the liquid on the left.

The height from the center of gravity of the gate to the surface of the liquid where the
pressure is 0. It is

̅̅̅ ( )

The real area of the gate is

So the force is

̅̅̅

Determination of the line of action of the force produced by the liquid on the left, this line
is located at from point O

̅
̅

By relation of triangles

̅
̅̅̅

̅
Determination of the force produced by the liquid on the right

The height from the center of gravity of the gate to the surface of the liquid where the
pressure is 0. It is

̅̅̅ ( )

̅̅̅

Determination of the line of action of the force produced by the liquid on the right, this line
action is located at from point O

By the relationship of triangles

The arms of each of the forces are indicated in the following figure.
Through the equilibrium condition we have

F=5017 Kg
 PROBLEM NO. 01:
For the tank in the figure, consider the following dimensions
PROBLEM NO. 02

The surface AB is an arc with a radius of 2m

and a width of 1m entering the surface. The
The distance EB is 4m. The fluid above the
surface AB is water, and the atmospheric pressure
prevails over the free surface of the water
on the underside of surface AB.
Find the magnitude and the line of action of
the hydrostatic force that acts on the
surface AB.
SOLVED PROBLEMS

Problem No. 1
A cube made of a material that measures 30 cm on each side has a mass of 7500.
grams.

Determine:

A) Will the cube float in the water? And if it floats,

B) What is the percentage of the volume of the cube that is submerged?

Solution:

Part A:

Data according to the problem:

Knowing the mass and volume of the object, we can calculate its density and
compare it to that of water:

o= = =

ANSWER
Part B:

If we know that the body floats, then there is a balance between the weight of the
object and the thrust it receives:

ANSWER: 27.78% is the percentage of the volume of the cube that is

find submerged.

Problem No. 2
An iceberg of specific weight 912 Kgf/m3floats in an ocean whose weight

specific is 1027 Kgf/m3If it is known that the volume of the iceberg that

emerge is 600 m3We are asked to determine what the total volume is of the

iceberg.
 Solution:

1° According to data from

problem:

2° How do we know the volume of the emerged part ( ), we can express

this volume in relation to its weight, through the following relationship:

 3rd The problem tells us that the iceberg floats, therefore for this to happen

the following must be fulfilled:

but

But: y

4° We determine the total volume of the iceberg:

ANSWER:
 Problem No. 3

A prismatic object measuring 20 cm in height by 20 cm in width and 40 cm in depth.

length is weighed in water at a depth of 50 cm, giving the measurement of 5 kg.
How much does it weigh in the air and what is its relative density?

Solution:

1° Free body diagram

PART
2° By static:
SUBMERGED

W=T+E

W = (5x9.81) + E

W = 49.05 + E …(1)

3° But we know that the Buoyancy is equal to the weight of the volume of the liquid.

dislodged by the submerged body:

, but the submerged volume is the total volume of the body.

… (2)
4° We replace (2) in (1)

W = 49.05 + E

W = 49.05 + 156.96

206.01 N

5° Relative density (ρr)

but

RESISTANCE: The weight of the body in the air is W = 206.01 N and its
relative density is ρ

Problem No. 4
A buoy will support a conical instrument package, as
Illustrates in the figure. The buoy is made of a uniform material with weight.
specific of 8 L / At least 1.50 feet of the buoy must be above.
from the surface of the seawater for safety and visibility. Calculate the weight
maximum permissible of the instrument package.
 Solution

1°.- Free body diagram of the buoy

Where:

weight of the buoy

weight of the package of

instruments

push on the buoy

push in the package of

instruments

2°.- Static equilibrium

As I need the maximum weight of the package ( ) I can find it by isolating it

from the equation of static equilibrium

.......... (1)

3°.- Find the necessary unknowns to be able to determine the maximum weight:

,,
 [ ]

……………………… (2)

[ ]

………………….. (3)

[ ]

………………(4)

4°.- We replace the results of (2) (3) (4) in equation (1) which is used for
find the maximum weight of the tool package.

RESPONSE: The maximum weight that the buoy will support, so that
it meets the condition of being 1.50 feet above the surface is
295.31 Lb.
Problem No. 5

A solid cylinder has a diameter of 3m and a height of 6m and weighs 277 KN. If the
The cylinder is placed in oil, which has a specific gravity of 0.90. Determine
if the cylinder is stable in oil.

Solution

Problem data:

To analyze the stability of the cylinder, we follow the expression

previously obtained from the stability of the ship, we have:

....(1)

We independently analyze each of the data from the formula of

stability of bodies:

The moment of inertia of the body:

 The submerged volume of the body:

To obtain the submerged volume of the body, we know that the body

(cylinder) is in a state of equilibrium with the hydrostatic thrust due to

to the liquid (oil), then:

clearing

……(3)

But , clearing the we obtain:

…..(4)

Replacing (4) in (3), we have:

……(5)
 Now, we proceed to calculate What is the segment in this case: ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅

To determine We remember that the body has a state of balance.

with hydrostatic buoyancy, that is, the weight of the body is equal to the buoyancy

hydrostatic.

Considering the graph at the top, we say that the cylinder is

partially submerged at a depth z, then we have:

clearing the depth z:

Z ……(6)

From the graph:

( ) ( ) ….. (7)
 Replacing (2), (5), and (7) in (1), we have the following expression:

ANSWER: Since h < 0, the body (cylinder) does not have stability.
inside the fluid (oil).

GROUP 2