Understanding Electroscopes and Polarization
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ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Electroscopes and Polarization
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objectives
Highlight, recognize, and explain what polarization is and the
processes of electrification by friction, induction, and contact
through the conduct of various experiments.
SUMMARY
In practice, polarization was evident when carrying out several
experiments. In the first one, a sheet was rubbed with a handkerchief.
acetate and put it on the wall with her hand and also isolating it
And it was found that in both ways the paper sticks to
the wall.
Then they rubbed two acetates with handkerchiefs and brought them closer.
side that was rubbed and the one that was not, and it was found that of the two
the acetates move away.
Third, a plastic container was placed and filled with a
a handful of confetti, rubbed an acetate and brought it closer to the container
resulting in the confetti coming closer
Fourth, salt was sprinkled on a sheet of paper, and it was rubbed with a
a handkerchief, a balloon, and I brought it closer, and the result was that
salt particles stick to the balloon
Introduction
There are two types of electric charges in nature that
Some agreements are measured with positive numbers and the others with
negative numbers. All electrically charged particles
they carry a charge equal in absolute value to an amount called charge
elemental, e. The proton has a charge of +e and the electron carries a
elementary charge -e. This elementary charge is equivalent to 1.6 · 10-19 C.
Same type electric charges interact by repelling each other and
Different types of charges interact by attracting each other. The magnitude
This interaction is given by Coulomb's law.
Electrical insulator, any material that offers little
resistance to the flow of electricity. The difference between a
a conductor and an insulator, which is a poor conductor of electricity or
of heat, it is more about degree than type, since all substances
they conduct electricity to a greater or lesser extent.
UnSemiconductor is a solid or liquid material capable of conducting
electricity is better than an insulator, but worse than a metal. The
electrical conductivity, which is the ability to conduct the
electric current when a potential difference is applied is
one of the most important physical properties. At temperatures
very low, pure semiconductors behave like insulators.
Subjected to high temperatures, mixed with impurities or in
presence of light, the conductivity of semiconductors can
increase spectacularly and reach levels
close to those of metals.
Electroscope, a device used to detect and measure charge.
electricity of an object
The simplest electroscope consists of two conductors.
light suspended in a glass container or another material
insulator. The two conductors are connected to a third
conductor that is outside the container. When it approaches a
body charged to the outer conductor, the conductors of the interior
they are charged and repelled. Measuring the distance at which they separate
these conductors can calculate the amount of load of
body.
Three methods can be used to charge electrically a
object: 1) contact with another object of different material (such as by
example, amber and skin) followed by separation; 2) contact with another
charged body; 3) induction.
Induction is a process of charging an object without contact.
direct
When we allow charges to leave a conductor through
contact, we say that we are grounding it.
During thunderstorms, charging processes take place.
by induction. The bottom of the clouds, which have a negative charge,
induce a positive charge on the Earth's surface.
Friction has certain electrical effects which already
we know; some examples are presented when we pet a
Cat, when we comb our hair (if we did it in the dark we could see
and hear the electric sparks), when we slide over the
plastic cover of a parked car seat, etc.
In these cases and many others that we do not mention, they are transferred.
electrons by friction when one material rubs against another, which
known as charge by friction.
Electrons can be transferred from one material to another by simple
contact. When we put a charged rod in contact with a
neutral object transfers a part of the charge to it. This
the loading method is simply known as loading by
contact. If the object is a good conductor, the charge is distributed in
the entire surface because like charges repel each other. If
it is about a bad driver, it may be necessary to touch with the
bar several parts of the object to obtain a distribution of
load more o less uniform
Experimental Procedure
Materials Used
Plastic tube Aluminum foil
Plastic ruler Cellophane
Acetate sheet Crepe
T-shirt Wood
Wool fabric Glass jar
Cotton Copper wire
Silk Metal clamp
Globe wide adhesive tape
Salt or pepper transparent
Thread
Materials are classified according to their properties.
electric
From the materials brought to the practice, it is indicated which ones are.
conductors and insulators.
A balloon is stuck to a sheet of acetate and a balloon to the wall.
A sheet of acetate is rubbed with a handkerchief and with the hand it is
against the wall trying to stick it. Then it is written the
observations in practice
The acetate sheet is rubbed once more with a handkerchief but
this time it doesn't allow contact with the hand, it is isolated and it
try to stick it on the wall.
3. Sticky notes
It is rubbed several times with a handkerchief on two sheets of acetate.
Then bring the edges together on the side that was rubbed without them touching.
Observations are noted in the practice.
He rubs again with a handkerchief several times on two sheets.
of acetates and brings it close without touching but from the side in
the one that was not rubbed. Observations are noted in the practice
Electrostatic cleaners
Jumping confetti
There is a glass jar, and inside it is added
introduce a handful of confetti, rub an acetate with a
handkerchief several times, then the acetate approaches from the side
in which I rub and in which I do not rub. Note the
observations in practice
ii. Attractive globe
Confetti is sprinkled on a piece of paper. It is rubbed with
a handkerchief to a balloon. And the balloon comes closer to the paper.
Make the observations
iii. Sticky rule
A plastic ruler is rubbed with a cloth and is
about small pieces of paper placed in the
notebook. Write down the observations in the report of this
practice
5. A single touch
The plastic ruler is rubbed again and this time I touch it.
rule with the finger. Answer the practice questions
6. Electroscope
A negatively charged body approaches the metallic part of the
electroscope without making contact. Note the
observations in practice.
Once again the loaded body approaches but this time it is touched.
with your finger the metal part of the electroscope. Note the
observations in practice.
analysis
a) Write the general observations of the electroscope.
b) Does humidity influence the obtaining of the results of the
experiments of this practice In what form?
c) Because the leaves of the electroscope separate when
about the bar
d) What purpose did your finger serve when you touched the
electroscope
e) What type of charge does an electroscope acquire when it
charging by contact
CONCLUSIONS