Essential Technical Drawing Instruments
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ScribdTranslationsEssential Technical Drawing Instruments
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ScribdTranslationsTechnical drawing instruments
The T rule
The T-rule gets its name from its resemblance to the letter T. It has two perpendicular arms.
between each other. The cross arm is shorter. They are made of wood or plastic. It is used for drawing.
horizontal parallel lines quickly and accurately. It also serves as a support point for the
squares and to align the format and proceed to its fixation.
The parallel rule
It is an instrument for measuring and drawing straight lines, its shape is rectangular, flat and has in its
border recordings of decimeters, centimeters, and millimeters.
They are generally made of wood or plastic. Although transparent plastic ones are preferred for
see the lines being drawn. Their lengths vary according to usage and range from 10 to 60
centimeters The most common ones are 30 centimeters.
The squads
The squares are used to measure and draw horizontal, vertical, inclined lines, and
combined with the T square, parallel, perpendicular, and oblique lines are drawn. They can have
graduated centimeters and millimeters.
The triangles used in technical drawing are two:
The 45º one that has the shape of an isosceles triangle with a 90º angle and the other two being 45º.
The 60º square also known as a set square has the shape of a scalene triangle,
whose angles measure 90º, 30º, and 60º.
Cartabones
Instrument in the shape of a right triangle that has three unequal angles of 90°, 60°, and 30° and
which is used in linear drawing for the tracing of angles, perpendicular or parallel lines to
other given. It is usually an auxiliary instrument of the square.
Escalimeter
To measure straight-line distances, a scale is used, which consists of graduated rulers.
different scales that are used to calculate reduced or enlarged distances. In this course
We will use a scale ruler with the following scales: 1:20, 1:25, 1:50, 1:75, 1:100, 1:125.
There are several types of scales:
Scale ruler for architects
scale ruler for civil engineers
The compass
It is a precision instrument used to draw arcs, circles, and transport.
measures. It consists of two articulated arms at its upper part where a is located
cylindrical piece called handle by which it is taken and handled with the index and thumb. One of
the arms have an adjustable steel needle through a pressure screw and a nut
wheel-shaped. The other arm has a device that allows for the placement of mechanical pencils or
other accessories.
Pencils
Pencils are essential elements for writing and drawing. They are made up of a core of
graphite and a wooden casing. They can be round or hexagonal in section. For drawing, they are
hexagonal ones are better because they facilitate gripping between the fingers and prevent rolling.
leave them on the drawing table. The pencil lead has several grades from the hardest
even the softest. With the harder ones, fine gray lines are drawn and the softest
thick black lines. They are classified by letters and numbers. The H comes from the word
hard means tough, the F stands for firm and the B in black means black. The toughest are:
4H, 3H, 2H, and H. The intermediates are: HB and F. The softest are: B, 2B, 3B, and 4B.
Eraser
Erasers are used to make incorrect marks, mistakes, smudges, or disappear.
excess strokes. They are generally soft, flexible, and in light tones to avoid stains on the
paper. Before erasing, you must ensure it is clean, and if we need to erase small parts,
excessive strokes or nearby lines, we must use the auxiliary steel deletion template
Laminated. To remove graphite particles from the paper, a powdered eraser is used inside
a pad called borrona.
Mechanical pencils or pens
Mechanical pencils are made of metal or plastic and house the lead or leads that slide inside.
by means of a spring outward, which are to be used for writing or drawing. The leads are made of
different hardness. It has an advantage over pencils due to the sharpening of the lead and its protection.
Mechanical pencil
This mechanical pencil has a 0.5 mm lead that does not need to be sharpened. It can make some lines.
very fine and precise if rotated enough while drawing. To draw thick, vigorous lines,
The layout must be repeated. The accessories in the drawing are as important as the instruments.
the same, as they serve as the auxiliaries or complement for a good job.
Drawing brush
The drawing brush is the tool used to shake off the residues of erasers and powders.
without the need to remove them by hand risking to stain or damage the work.
T-shirt or cotton fabric
T-shirt or cotton fabric, very useful for cleaning drawing instruments and Chinese ink, as well as for
shake off rubber and talc residue in the absence of a brush.