Michoacán University of

Saint Nicholas of Hidalgo.

Prepared by: Dr. Virginia

Hernández Silva
 Questionnaire
of Costs

September 2009

DR. VIRGINIA HERNANDEZ SILVA Page 2

 Questionnaire
of Costs

This questionnaire was prepared at the instructions of the National Association.

of Colleges and Schools of Accounting and Administration in the central area

west, which includes the states of Jalisco, Nayarit, Colima, Guanajuato and

Michoacán; in order for the Costos marathon to take place where

the different universities that belong to that area participate.

The main objective of this marathon is for students from different

Universities that are part of that zone of the ANFECA, demonstrate their

skills and knowledge acquired during their professional training since

Topics from the 5th, 6th, and 7th semesters of the cost subject are included.

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Topic No. 1:

1. THE COMPANY IN SEARCH OF EXCELLENCE: WHAT SHOULD IT CONSIDER

DESIGN YOUR FINANCIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM?

In the pursuit of excellence, information systems should be considered.

reliable, timely, and relevant financial.

2. WHAT IS FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING?

It is the technique that systematically and structurally produces information.

financial valued in monetary terms of the operations it carries out
an entity.

3. WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMY AND ITS COSTS?

Costs control the production of goods and services and the economy.
study the sources of wealth used for production.

4. IN WHAT TERMS ARE COSTS MEASURED?

They are measured in real terms, that is, in purchasing power and in
monetary terms, that is, in nominal values.

5. HOW ARE INFORMATION USERS CLASSIFIED

FINANCIAL?

INTERNALS: Those people who work in the company and have

specific need for information.

EXTERNALS: Those people who are in the environment of the

company but its relationship is very important.

6. WHAT IS COST ACCOUNTING?

It is the information system aimed at forecasting,

accumulation, recording, distribution, analysis and interpretation of costs of
production, distribution, administration, and financial.

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7. WHAT ARE THE MAIN OBJECTIVES OF ACCOUNTING
COSTS?

a) Determine the unit production cost.

b) Generate information for planning, evaluation, and control of
production operations.
c) Contribute to the preparation of budgets in road programs
administration and finance.
d) Organize production and make productive resources more efficient.

8. What are the economic functions of a company?

INDUSTRIAL? Buy, transform, produce, distribute and manage.

9. WHAT ARE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS?

These reports are derived from the application of accounting to the

economic operations carried out by a company.

10. WHAT IS EXPENSE?

It is the expenditure necessary for the operation of the company, whose

The amount affects the results.

11. WHAT IS COST?

It is the investment in resources that are recoverable through income or sales.

12. WHATIS PRIME COST0 DIRECT?

It is the sum of the direct elements involved in the preparation of

the articles.
a) Direct raw material.
Direct Labor.

[Link]?

It is the investment made to transform inputs through means

physical or chemical substances in a finished product.

[Link]?

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It is the total of investments made in a certain period.

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[Link]?

It is the investment made to produce a good or service.

[Link]?

It is the investment made to sell a product.

17. WHAT IS DISTRIBUTION COST?

Disbursements made to distribute a good or service into the hands of

consumer.

18. WHAT IS TOTAL COST?

Set of investments and expenditures necessary to manufacture, sell and

distribute a good or service.

[Link]?

Set of resources needed to obtain a profit.

[Link]?

It is made up of the addition of Direct Labor and Expenses

Manufacturing Indirects.

[Link]?

That which is necessary to expend in order to produce one more unit or the

budgeted.

22. WHAT IS THE COST OF STAFF DEVELOPMENT?

It is the investment made to train a person.

[Link]?

It is the necessary investment aimed at meeting the standards.

of environmental quality.

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[Link]?

It is one where the management of a company exerts its influence over the
investment amount.

[Link]?

It is one where the management of a company has no influence over the

amount of an investment.

[Link]?

It is the cost of the alternative that is sacrificed when choosing a different alternative.

27. WHAT IS MARKET COST?

It is the price at which a product is quoted in the market, for reasons of

supply and demand.

[Link]?

It is the real price paid for one unit, product or service.

[Link]?

It is the set of investments made in a certain period, once

production completed.

30.¿QUEESCOSTOUNITARIODEPRODUCCION?

It is that which is calculated only for one unit of production.

31. WHAT IS ABSORPTIVE COST?

It is a method that considers both direct and indirect cost elements.

indirect.

32. WHAT IS INDIRECT COSTING?

It is one who does not fully identify with the produced unity.

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[Link]?

It is differentiated from three points of view:

a) By its application.
The cost is an investment.
Spending is an expense.

[Link]?
MENTION FIVE.

1) The calculation of the unit production cost.

Exercise greater control over the production process
3) Improve operational efficiency.
4) Increase productivity.
Generate greater control over productive quality.

[Link]
A commercial and industrial company?

The main difference is how the cost of goods sold is determined.

[Link]:

a) Of production.
b) Distribution.
c) Financing.
d) Of the administration.

[Link] COSTS FORTHEIR IDENTIFICATION WITHTHE PRODUCT,ARE

CLASSIFYINTO:

a) Direct.
b) Indirect.

38. HOW ARE COSTS CLASSIFIED BY THEIR INTERVENTION IN THE

PRODUCTION VOLUME?

a) Fixed.
b) Variables.

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39. HOW COSTS ARE CLASSIFIED BY TIME
DETERMINATION?

a) Historical.
b) Predetermined.
c) Esteemed
d) Standard

40. HOWARE COSTS CLASSIFIED FOR CONTROL

PRODUCTIVE OPERATIONS?

a) By processes.

b) By orders.

4l. HOWARE COSTS CLASSIFIED BYNON-ACTIVITIES?

FABRICS?

a) Of distribution.
For sale.
c) Of operations.
d) Of the administration.

[Link]?

a) Expansion.
Prosperity.
c) Contraction or crisis.
d) Depression.
[Link]
COMPANY?

The physical volume of production tends to rise.

[Link]?

The presence of inflation is determining.

[Link]?

It is the number of units produced or services provided by an entity,

in a certain period of time.

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[Link]?

In the transformation industry, it depends on:

a) Investment in capital goods.
b) The characteristics of the production process
c) The degree of organization of production and the optimal combination of the
internal and external factors that intervene in the production process.

[Link],MENTIONWHATTHELAWOFPROPORTIONSCONSISTSOF
VARIABLES IN COSTS?

It consists of achieving the combination of fixed and variable elements of

in such a way as to achieve the lowest cost and the highest efficiency.

[Link]?

At the moment the company finds the production point that suits it
gives the highest degree of benefit in the combination of efficiency of its
resources.

[Link]?

It is a detailed, organized, or classified list of items, accounts and

subaccounts that make up the accounting system of an economic entity.

[Link]?

Total cost plus profit margin

[Link]?

Initial Raw Material Inventory Work in progress

Net Purchases available
Available Raw Materials Final Inventory of Product, in process
Final Inventory of Raw Materials Production cost
Consumed Material terminated + Initial Inventory
Labor of finished products
First Cost Finished products
+ Indirect Costs available inventory Final
Cost Incurred Finished products
Initial Inventory of Process Production Cost of production of the
sold

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52. WHAT ARE THE REASONS WHY A SHOULD BE IMPLEMENTED

COST SYSTEM OF THE COMPANY?

For the development.

a) World-class manufacturing cost.
b) Activity-based costing (ABC).
c) Cost based on constraints.

2) Due to the absence of a formal theory of costs.

3) Need to link it to the economic system.

[Link]
ECONOMIC PRACTICES?

The cost is the most important economic element of a company.

54. WHAT IS THE EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRY?

It is one that obtains its inputs from nature itself.

55. WHATISTHETRANSFORMATION INDUSTRY?

It is one that modifies the physical and/or chemical conditions of a input to

through a production process, to obtain a consumer product.

[Link]?

It is one that has the functions of buying and selling and is an intermediary.
between the producer and the consumer.

[Link]?

It is the one that has the function of consulting, advising, maintenance,

public services or others related.

[Link]-objectivesofcostaccounting?

Analyze, plan, control, and make decisions related to sales, resources

humans, database, products, utilities, etc.

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[Link]?

Analytical judgment.
Values and professional ethics.
Fluency of speech.
Operational vision.
Quick response capacity.
Ability to calculate and compute.

60. WHAT ARE THE MAIN FINANCIAL REPORTS IN A

TRANSFORMATION INDUSTRY?

1) Financial Position (Balance Sheet)

2) Results (Profit and Loss)
3) From production and sales costs.
4) Of origin and application of resources.

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Theme No. 2:

[Link]?

They are raw materials, labor, and indirect costs.

62. WHATIS RAW MATERIAL?

It is the essence of the produced article, and it almost always represents the largest part of
the investment within the production cost.

[Link]?

It is the human effort necessary to transform raw material into a product.

of consumption or of service.

[Link]?

They are expenses that intervene in the production process, which cannot be specified.
to quantify in the produced unit.

[Link]?

Rawmaterial.
Labor.

[Link]?

Because they can be specified and quantified in the produced unit.

[Link]?

They are classified as direct and indirect.

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68. WHICH DEPARTMENTS ARE INVOLVED IN THE

CONTROL OF RAW MATERIALS?

Purchasing Department.
Warehouse Dept.
• Production Department.
Accounting Department

[Link].

Supply the warehouse with the required raw materials.

Select the suppliers that provide the best service in delivery.
raw materials.
Prepare the order and purchase order for materials from suppliers.

[Link].

Responsible for the safeguarding and custody of materials, reception of the

materials, organize and classify them. Supply the production department with
the requested materials.

[Link]
PRODUCTION.

Transform materials into finished products.

Achieve the maximum utilization of materials.
Minimize production costs by reducing waste
general, (three elements)

[Link].

Register and control the movement of materials.

Provide comprehensive and timely information about costs
production.

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[Link]
PRIMAS, FROM ITSACQUISITIONTO ITSTRANSFORMATION INTO
ARTICLE FINISHED.

Purchase request.
Order.
Reception.
Guard and custody.
Returns to suppliers (when applicable)
Valuation of warehouse entries.
Supply to production.
Valuation of warehouse exits.

74. WHICH DEPARTMENTAPPROVESTHE PURCHASE REQUEST?

The warehouse department.

[Link]
SUPPLIERS?

The purchasing department.

[Link]
MATERIALS TO SUPPLIERS?

Immediately or subsequently.

[Link]?

IMMEDIATE?

When it is done at the time of receipt.

[Link]?

POSTERIOR?

When it is done after receiving the materials.

[Link]?

WAREHOUSE?

Average Price (AP)

First in, first out (FIFO)

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Last in, first out (LIFO)

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81. WHAT DOES THE VALUATION OF FIRST ENTRIES CONSIST OF?
FIRST EXITS (PEPS)?

When evaluating warehouse outputs at the price of the first purchase, up to

while stocks last.

[Link],FIRSTOUTVALUATIONCONSISTOF?
OUTFLOWS(LIFO)?

To assess the warehouse exits at the price of the last purchase, until
out of stock.

[Link]'PRICES'REFLECTINTHECOST?
AVERAGES?

It maintains a conservative production cost.

[Link]'FIRST'REFLECTONTHECOST?
ENTRIES,FIRSTEXITS?

It reflects low production costs but high inventory value.

[Link]
' ASTIN'REFLECTONCOST?
ENTRIES, FIRST EXITS?

Reflects more updated production costs, but under value in

inventories.

[Link]
CONTROL OF RAW MATERIALS?

Raw Materials Warehouse.

Warehouse of Semi-Finished Products.
Finished Products Warehouse.
Work in Progress.

87. FROM THE ACCOUNTING MOVEMENT OF THE ACCOUNT 'WAREHOUSE OF

"RAW MATERIALS", MENTION THREE CHARGES CONCEPTS.

Import of acquisitions.
The purchase expenses that originate the acquisitions.
Amount of returns made by the production department.
Amount of replacements made by the supplier.

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88. OF THE ACCOUNTING MOVEMENT OF THE ACCOUNT "MATERIALS WAREHOUSE"
PRIMAS", MENCIONE TRES CONCEPTOS DE ABONO.

Amount of deliveries made to the dept.

production. Amount of returns
made to suppliers.
Adjustments made for properly authorized losses.
For the sale of materials.
[Link]'MATERIALSWAREHOUSE'ACCOUNTREPRESENT
PRIMAS?
Represents the value of the stock (inventory)

90. OF THE ACCOUNTING MOVEMENT OF THE ACCOUNT 'WAREHOUSE OF

FINISHED PRODUCTS" MENTION THREE CHARGE CONCEPTS.

The value of the initial inventory of the same.

The value of production.
Amount of returns made by customers.
The value of the purchases made.

91. FROM THE ACCOUNTING MOVEMENT OF THE ACCOUNT 'WAREHOUSE'

PRODUCTS
FINISHED" MENTION THREE CONCEPTS OF CREDIT.

Sales amount.
The value of returns to the production department (defective products)
The value of the final inventory.

[Link]
' AREHOUSE'ACCOUNTREPRESENT?
FINISHED PRODUCTS?

Represents the value of the stock (inventory)

[Link]'PRODUCTIONIN
PROCESS" MENTION THREE CHARGE CONCEPTS.

The value of the initial inventory of work in process.

The value of the materials received from the raw materials warehouse
for its transformation.
Direct labor cost (wages)
Amount of indirect expenses.

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[Link]
' RODUCTIONIN
PROCESS

The value of the finished production.

The amount of materials returned to the warehouse.
The value of the final inventory of work in process.

95. WHATIS INVENTORYTURNOVER?

It is the number of times an inventory is consumed in a period.

determined.

[Link]?

It is the portion of material that is not integrated into the final product and that in certain
cases have a low recovery value.

[Link]?

Material that in its transformation has some anomaly that makes it lose
the quality expected by the company.

[Link]?

Wage systems based on time and production (piecework)

99. WHAT IS SALARY?

It is the compensation that the employer must pay the worker for their work.

What are the types of employment contracts?

Individual Contracts
Collective Contracts
Labor Contract

101. WHAT IS A LABOR CONTRACT?

It is an agreement of wills by means of which, one or a group of

individuals are obligated with another or others to provide a specific service under
its dependency and through a remuneration.

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Theme No. 3:

[Link]?
HOW ARE THE RESULTS RECORDED?

Period Costs and Product Costs

[Link]
PRODUCTION VOLUMES?

Fixed costs

104. WHATARE FULLCOSTING SYSTEMS?

They are those that aim to determine the C.U.P. by controlling

units values. Use the perpetual inventory procedure.

[Link]?

They are those that use the technique of 'difference' to determine the C.U.P.
of inventory" because they do not control either units or values. It uses the
analytical or detailed procedure.

[Link]?

They are those that are obtained based on a specific production order.
of articles that are locatable and quantifiable.

[Link]?

They are obtained based on continuous and mass production.

[Link]?

Those obtained with certain mass production departments and

others produce specific units.

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[Link]?

Order that groups similar products in terms of their shape of

manufacturing, presentation and cost.

[Link]
RAWMATERIAL?

a) Material requisition.
b) Purchase request.
c) Request.
d) Storage or storage.

e) Return of goods.

111. WHAT IS MATERIAL REQUISITION?

It consists of requesting the necessary supplies for the production of the product that is
elaborate.

[Link]?

It is an internal format created by the main warehouse manager, based on

at the minimum level of existence.

113. WHAT ISACREDIT NOTE?

It is a document that indicates accreditation to the beneficiary.

[Link]?

Determine the production cost from the acquisition of raw materials

until its transformation and distribution.

[Link]?

They must be paid 100% more than the normal salary, which is double the salary.
(Art. 67 LFT)

116. WHAT IS REPLACEMENT PRICE OR MARKET PRICE?

It is the amount of money necessary to acquire a similar asset in its

current state that allows the company to maintain its operational capacity
.

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117. WHAT DOES THE INVENTORY VALUATION METHOD CONSIST OF?
MONETARY UEPS CALL?

It is the valuation technique that is based on the fact of considering the

totality of inventory as a unit of value.

[Link]
FOR DOUBLE EXTENSION?

Double extension.
Chaining of indexes or chain indexes.

[Link]?

It consists of obtaining one or more indices to determine the size of the value.
of the inventory and it is known as the internal inflation index.

[Link]?

It refers to valuing the final inventories, both at current costs and at the
from the previous year or base.

[Link],WHATISTHEINVENTORYOFMATERIALS?

In accounting, inventory is a detailed list of the stock of

materials.

[Link]
WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO PREPARE A PHYSICAL INVENTORY? MENTION FIVE.

1) Planning for the physical inventory taking.

2) That there are no pending warehouse entries to be recorded.
3) That there are no pending warehouse exits to be registered.
The stocks will be arranged in such a way that certain materials
type or class are in one place.
5) They will be separated and must be inventoried in the same way.
materials on display, in storage, on consignment, etc. that is to say the stock
that are not owned by the company.

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[Link]
BOOKKEEPING OF WAGES AND SALARIES?

Corresponds specifically to the human resources departments and

accounting.

[Link]<WHATMEASURESOF
WHAT GENERAL CONTROLS SHOULD BE ADOPTED?

Personnel registration.
Employee control card.
Assistance card (entry-exit) Overtime.
Time distribution card - work cost sheet.
Nomination or payroll list.

[Link]?

It is an analytical list of employees and workers by area, section or

department, in which the total perceptions and deductions are recorded
of the corresponding allowances for a given period.

126.MENTION5BASESOFPRIMARYALLOCATION.

Direct application.
2) Investment in machinery and equipment for each department.
3) Space occupied by each department (square meters)
4) Direct salaries and wages of each department.
5) Number of workers in each department.

[Link]?

Its purpose is to create an interdepartmental distribution.

128.MENTION5BASESOFPROPORTIONATEDISTRIBUTION

SECONDARY

Space occupied by each serviced department.

2) Number of workers in each served department.
3) Number of workers, amount of investments.
4) Man-hours worked (representative of general manufacturing activity) or
estimated percentage.
5) Number of working hours of each service department.

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[Link]?

It is the distribution of indirect production costs to the units

produced.

[Link]-KNOWNPRINCIPLESOFFINALPRORATION?

1) Depending on the value of the direct elements used:

a) Cost of direct materials used in production.
b) Cost of direct labor used in production.
c) Direct cost (prime)

2) Depending on the time in which production takes place:

a) Number of direct hours worked.
b) Number of direct and indirect hours worked.
c) Number of machine hours.
kilowatt hour
e) Combination of some of the above.

3) Based on Articles or Units produced:

Weight of the articles.
b) Volume of the articles.
c) Combination of some of the above.

[Link]
INDIRECT EXPENSES?

It is the factor used to correct the application of indirect costs in the

production of the period due to the variations generated in it.

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Theme No. 4:

[Link]?

It is the primary technique of predetermined costs as its calculation or

obtaining is based on the experience had, on the knowledge more or
less broad of the cost that is desired to be predetermined and in some
Occasions when the scientific method is used.

[Link]?

Indicate what a product or service may cost.

[Link] theestm
i atedcosthatsi adu
j stedagan
i st?

It is adjusted against the historical or actual cost.

[Link]?
Ohreally?

Because the real cost prevails.

136. What forms exist to compare the estimated cost?

AGAINST THE REAL COST? MENTION 2.

a) For total costs.

b) By elements.

[Link]?
DEAR TO ACCOUNTING? MENTION 3.

a) Obtaining the estimated unit cost sheet.

b) Valuation of finished production, at estimated cost.
c) Valuation of sold production, at estimated cost.
d) Valuation of production in process, at estimated cost.
e) Determination of variations, their study and elimination.
f) Correction to the estimated unit cost sheet.

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[Link]
FROM THE ESTIMATED COST SHEET?

1) Project analysis and preliminary studies.

2) Factors in cost estimation.
3) Auxiliary elements.

[Link]
ASPECTSINVOLVEDINPROJECTANALYSISANDSTUDIES
PREVIOUS?

Time to develop it.

Data to carry it out.
Complete drawings and specifications of the item.

[Link]
FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE DETERMINATION OF COSTS?

Approximate volume of production that is intended.

Determination of Direct Materials.
Determination of direct wages and salaries.
Determination of indirect expenses.

[Link]
WHAT ARE THE AUXILIARY ELEMENTS?

Previous Estimated Cost Sheets, as a source of

information. Repetitive elements subject to small
modifications.

142. WHEN VALUING THE SOLD PRODUCTION AT ESTIMATED COST, WHAT A

WHAT ACCOUNTING ENTRY DOES IT ORIGINATE?

Cargo: Cost and sales at Estimated Cost.

Fertilizer: Finished Products Warehouse
Concept: Amount of goods sold, valued at estimated production cost.

[Link]
DEAR ONES, AND THE REAL HISTORICAL COSTS?

Variations.

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144. WHATIS VARIATION?

It is the difference between estimated costs and historical costs

or real at the end of a productive period

[Link]
WITHIN THE ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE OF COSTS
DEAR?

a) Materials Warehouse.
b) Finished goods warehouse.
c) Work in progress.
d) Cost of Sales.
e) Variation of Materials.
f) Variation in Labor.

g) Variation in Manufacturing Indirect Costs.

146. WHAT DOES A DEBTOR VARIATION INDICATE?

It means that the estimated costs were lower than the actual ones.

[Link]?

It means that the estimated costs were higher than the actual ones.

[Link]?
WHEN DOES IT NOT HAVE VARIATION?

It indicates that the estimated costs and the actual or historical costs are
equal.

[Link]
OF ESTIMATED COSTS?

It is an accounting way to eliminate the variation.

15CUCUALESSONLOSOBJETIVOSDELOSCOSTOSESTIMADOS?

a) Determination of the Unit Cost.

b) Setting of selling prices.
c) Decision on whether to produce or buy the item being developed.

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[Link]
Dear?

Huge help in internal control.

b) It is a measure of comparison, where the variations are true.
calls for attention.
c) It serves as a stepping stone for the establishment of the valuation technique.
standard.
d) Its implementation is relatively inexpensive, in relation to the cost.
standard but more expensive administratively.
e) Adoption of correct sales standards to be able to compete
adequately in the market.
f) To determine in advance the profits to be achieved, in relation to a
volume of operations in a period.
g) In general, it is very useful for management regarding information,
decision making, setting of selling prices.

[Link]
DEAR?

When the manufacturing operations are not complex.

When the items to be manufactured are few in number, of different styles, sizes
or similar and repetitive forms.
Generally after having the experience of historical cost.

[Link]
COSTS?

Insufficient and inadequate analysis.

Wrong or incorrect collection and use of data.
Omissions and duplications.

154. WHAT ARE THE UNCONTROLLABLE ERRORS DUE TO IN THE

ESTIMATION OF COSTS?

Factors that cannot be predicted or unforeseen events and force majeure.

Change in worker efficiency.
Change in the productive capacity of machinery and equipment.

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155.¿CUALESSONLASDIFERENCIASENTRELOSCOSTOS
DEAR AND THE HISTORICALS REGARDING THEIR ACQUISITION?

Estimates are obtained before the product is manufactured or during.

its transformation, the historical data after the product has been manufactured.
The estimates are based on calculations from experiences
acquired and a broad knowledge of the industry in question.
To obtain an estimated cost, it is essential to consider certain
production volume and determine the estimated unit cost.
A special feature is that when making the comparison of the
costs
estimated with the actual costs, the estimates should be adjusted to the
reality.

[Link]?

The standard cost technique is the most advanced of the existing ones.
that serves as a measurement instrument for efficiency.

[Link]
STANDARD?

In budgeting techniques and in technical and scientific studies, everything is supported

in a very comprehensive internal control.

[Link]?

Indicate what something should cost, based on normal work efficiency.

an entity.

159. WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN STANDARD COST AND THE
HISTORICAL OR REAL?

Deviation.

[Link]?

It is the difference between historical cost and standard.

[Link]?

In circulating or ideal and in basic or fixed.

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[Link]?

They are those that represent goals to be achieved under normal conditions.
from production, based on reasonable efficiency.

[Link]?

Ideal standard costs.

[Link]?

They represent fixed measures that serve only as a comparison index.

[Link]?

Fixed standard costs.

[Link]
IN QUANTITY?

Comparing standard consumption against actual consumption.

[Link]

ATPRICE?

Comparing standard price against actual price for actual consumption.

[Link]
IN AMOUNT?

Comparing standard hours with actual hours and multiplying it by the

standard price

169. HOW IS THE VALUE OF LABOR DEVIATION DETERMINED

STANDARD IN PRICE?

Comparing the standard price with the actual price by multiplying by the
number of actual hours.

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170. HOW IS THE OVERHEAD COST VARIANCE DETERMINED

STANDARD IN BUDGET?

Comparing the budget value with the actual indirect expenses.

[Link]
UNITARY?

In the work efficiency of each company, based on:

a) In raw material: Quantity and price.
b) In labor: Quantity and price.
c) In Indirect Costs: Budget, Quantity, and Capacity.

172. What aspects will be considered to obtain the quota?

PREDETERMINED BY INDIRECT EXPENSES UNIT?

1) The statistics provided by accounting, based on a

estimated capacity, according to sales and production volumes.
2) The units and work hours, according to the studies on the
productive capacity of the company, considering the sales budget
and the financial aspect.
3) Study of fixed and variable production costs.

[Link]
BUDGET?

The standard costs make up the production budget which in turn

It is an integral part of the general and master budget.

[Link]
THE STANDARD COST?

The assumed technique.

Experiences and knowledge acquired in the estimated cost.
3) Elements of industrial engineering.
4) Scientific management methods.
Absolute Internal Control.

[Link]?

Method A or Partial.
Method B or Complete
Method C or Mixed.

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176. WHAT IS THE ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE OF METHOD 'A' OR
PARTIAL OF STANDARD COST?

The work-in-progress account is being loaded at historical costs and is

believes in the finished production and in the production that remained in
process, based on standard cost.

[Link]'B'OR
STANDARD COST COMPLETE?

The work-in-progress account is debited and credited to historical costs.

And standard, the deviations are obtained at the end of the production period.

178. WHAT IS THE ACCOUNTING PROCEDURE OF METHOD 'C' OR MIXED

OF STANDARD COSTS?

The production account in process of loading and credits to the standard cost and
real, obtaining deviations simultaneously with production.

[Link]?MENCIONE3

a) Determination of Unit Cost.

b) Analysis of deviations generating timely corrective actions.
c) Decision on whether to produce or buy the item being developed.
d) Accuracy of cost determination in a timely manner.
e) Measurement of the efficiency of the company's operation.

[Link]?MENTION3.

• AssistanceinInternalControl.
It is a measurement pattern based on what has been accomplished, so deviations
they are calls for attention.
In relation to the estimated cost, its administrative aspect is more
cheap although its application is more expensive.
Set goals and encourage improvement in operational efficiency.
Evaluate the administrative and productive efficiency of the company.
Promotes accuracy and facilitates budgeting.

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[Link]
ESTIMATES AND STANDARDS? Mention 3.

In the standard, its operation is comparatively cheaper and its

more expensive implantation.
In the estimates, its implementation is cheaper but its
operation. The standard cost indicates what a product 'should' cost.
The estimated cost establishes what a product "can" cost.
Historical costs are adjusted to standards.
The estimated costs are adjusted to historical data.
Variations do not modify the standard cost, they must be analyzed for
determine its causes.
The standard conducts in-depth, pseudo-scientific studies to establish its
installments.
The estimate is based on acquired experiences and knowledge of
the company.
In the estimate, the basis of the calculation is empirical.
In the standard, the basis of the calculation is technical and scientific.

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Theme No. 6:

[Link].

They are the ones that are not carried out in relation to production or sale.

183. DEFINE VARIABLE COSTS.

They are those that go in direct proportion to production or sales.

184.MENCIONE2CARACTERISTICASDECOSTOSVARIABLES.

They are controlled in the short term.

b) They are proportional to an activity.
They are related to an activity within a normal range or
relevant category of activity.
d) They are regulated by the administration.
e) In total they are variables and in the unit they are constants.

185.MENTION2CHARACTERISTICSOFVARIABLECOSTS.

a) They are controllable regarding the duration of service they provide to the
company.
They are closely related to the installed capacity and are not
affected by changes in activity.
They remain constant over a wide range that can go from zero
until the total of the activity.
They are related to the time factor and are associated with a period.
accounting
They are variable per unit and fixed in total.

[Link]
SEMIVARIABLE COSTS?

a) Direct estimation method.

b) High-low method.
c) Statistical method.

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[Link]?

a) Study of times and movements.

b) Analysis of historical costs.
c) From the interpretation of the policies regarding said item.
d) From subjective professional experience.

[Link]
SEGMENTATION OF VARIABLE COSTS?

a) When there is a item that by its nature cannot be subject to

statistical analysis.
b) When new departments are created that incur costs.
c) When a new equipment or machinery is acquired that generates a cost.
d) When changes occur in the methods.

189. WHAT IS THE METHODOLOGY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE METHOD

HIGH POINT-LOW POINT?

a) It consists of selecting the activity that will serve as the denominator, which
They can be worked hours, machine hours, etc., as considered.
appropriate.
b) Identify the relevant level within which there is no change in costs
fixed.
c) Determine the total cost between the levels.
d) Interpolate the two levels to determine the fixed part and the variable part.

[Link]-EVENPOINTOBTAINED?

Total fixed costs

Price

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Topic No. 7:

191. WHATISACTIVITY-BASED COSTING (ABC)?

It is a cost system whose mission is to keep the entrepreneur informed.

how much each of the activities necessary to prepare a
product or provide a service.

192.MENTION3ASPECTSTOCONSIDERINTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFA
ABC COSTING SYSTEM.

1) Identify the problem of the costing system.

2) Define activity-based costing.
3) Define the activity-based cost model.

193. WHAT IS THE SUBSTANTIAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PROCEDURE

TRADITIONALCOSTINGANDACTIVITY-BASED COSTING
(ABC)?

In traditional costing, resources are allocated to products, while

that costs based on activities, the costs of the products are
assign to the activities.

194. IN THE ABC COST SYSTEM, ACTIVITIES ARE CLASSIFIED

IN TWO CATEGORIES WHAT ARE THEY?

1) Activities that generate added value.

Activities that do not generate added value.

[Link],WHATISADDEDVALUE?

It is the set of elements that directly increase the value of a

good or service.

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196.Name2elementsthatincreasevalue.
PRODUCT ADDITION.

a) Direct raw material.

b) Direct labor.
c) Indirect raw material.
d) Some indirect manufacturing expenses.

[Link].

Supervise.
Surveillance.
Accounting record of operations.
Payroll payment.

[Link]?
Do you count ABC? Mention 2 of them.

a) They have homogeneous cost patterns.

b) They allow for more accurate cost allocation.
c) They visualize how resources are used and how costs are incurred.
They are compatible with a philosophy of quality.
They serve as a basis for setting strategies.

[Link]
ABC?

Related to volume.
2) Related to transactions.
3) Related to the product.
4) Related to sales and administration.

200.MENTIONATLEAST2ELEMENTSRELATEDTOIT
VOLUME IN THE ABC SYSTEM.

Direct labor.
Machine hours.
Cost of materials.
Required space.

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201. MENTION AT LEAST 2 ELEMENTS RELATED TO THE

TRANSACTIONS IN THE ABC SYSTEM.

Preparation of goods.
Receive orders.
Inspection.
Production order scheduling.

202. MENTION AT LEAST 2 ELEMENTS RELATED TO IT

PRODUCTO, EN EL SISTEMA ABC.

Specification changes.
Creation of a new production line.
Eliminate production lines.

203.MENTIONATLEAST2ELEMENTSRELATEDTOTHE
SALE AND MANAGEMENT IN THE ABC SYSTEM.

Product or service catalog.

Distribution channels.
Training for executives.

204. THE APPROACH MODEL IN THE ABC COST SYSTEM IMPLIES

BASIC ASPECTS, WHAT ARE THEY?

Emphasize the knowledge of all the company's activities.

Identify the key activities

Establish inputs and products in each activity.

[Link]?

A set of factors that has a direct influence on the cost and on the
execution of activities.

[Link]?

Set of factors comprised of resources that are necessary or

required to carry out an activity (inputs)

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[Link]?

It is the product of one or more activities that the customer or user receives from
service (supplies)

[Link]

Facilitates decision-making based on strategies.

Establish performance standards.
3) Improves operational efficiency by locating failures and errors.
4) Define activities, as well as their cost and origin.
Manage the mix of products and customers.
Facilitates the performance of low-cost and high-quality products.
It is a financial model that supports reduction programs
costs.

209.MENTION3DISADVANTAGESOFCOSTSYSTEMSBASEDON
ACTIVITIES.

It is a historical costing method, with the disadvantages of these.

In market areas, there is no clear distribution between the causal root.
of an activity.
It is not easy to select the cost driver.
Its implementation is very costly.

210.MENTION2CRITICISMSOFTHECOSTSYSTEMBASEDON
ACTIVITIES.

It is a more refined apportionment.

If there are changes in the organization, there are changes in the system.
It implies a 'precise' design of activities.
4) It is not based on generally accepted accounting principles.

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Theme No. 8:

[Link]?

a) It depends on who it is addressed to.

Degree of utilization.
c) Information needs.
d) Technical knowledge of the subject.

[Link].

a) Graphs.
b) Statisticians.
c) Narratives.
d) Combinations.

213. MENTIONTHE MOSTIMPORTANTUSES OF UNITCOST.

a) For sales control and decision-making.

b) As administrative control.
c) For production control.
d) In relation to the fair regulation of prices.
e) In relation to the uniformity of accounting.
f) For the selection of various alternatives.

214. WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF UNIT COST FOR EFFECTS OF

SALES CONTROL?

In general, an entity cannot set its selling prices solely on

based on their costs, but with unit costs this objective can be achieved;
however, other factors intervene such as: the situation and nature
of the consumer market, the monopoly or free competition.

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215.MENCIONE3TIPOSDEDECISIONESCONRELACIONACOSTOS.

a) Price determination.
b) Make or buy.
c) Expand production and sales.
d) Location of the plant.
e) Planning and control of inventories.
f) Selection of raw materials.
g) Recruitment, entertainment, and employee turnover costs.
h) Production mix.
i) Sale or further processing.
j) Coordination of the manufacturing function.
k) Variations in the productivity of the company.
I) Planning of profits.

216. MENTION 2 ELEMENTS THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED FOR

BUY A PRODUCT.

a) Productive capacity.
b) Production cost.
c) Purchase price.

217. WHATISTHEAPPLICATION OFTHE COST-VOLUME-PROFITMODEL?

For the planning of the company's actions for its comprehensive development.

[Link]
USEFUL VOLUME?

Cost

[Link]-EVENPOINT?

a) It is the level where the company's income equals the costs.

b) When the company does not generate profit or loss.

[Link]-EVENPOINT?

a) Plan outcomes.
b) Determine the appropriate production volume.
c) Make decisions in general.
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[Link]?

It is the quantification used to exchange goods and services within

an organization.

222. MENTION 2 OF THE MAIN METHODS FOR FIXATION OF

TRANSFERPRICES.

a) Variable cost.
b) Manufacturing cost.
c) Market Price.
d) Variable cost plus profit.
e) Negotiable prices.
f) Hidden prices.

223.MENTION2POSSIBLEUSESFORTRANSFERPRICING.

a) Decision making.
b) Evaluation index of management.
c) General evaluation index.
d) Basis for financial calculations.

[Link]
DECISION MAKING?

a) In the justification of the investment for obtaining the information.

b) In the conduction of the most viable information among various alternatives.

225.MENTION3USESTHATCANBEGIVENTOCOSTS.

a) As a measure of the execution of the work.

b) For the valuation and control of inventories.
c) To set selling prices and competitiveness.
d) To formulate budgets.
e) To project changes in the product, in the plant, in the methods of
production, distribution, and control.
f) To determine the cost of goods sold.
g) As future investments in subsidiary companies.

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[Link]

VARIABLE?

Cost, Volume, and Selling Price.

[Link]?

The difference between the breakeven point and sales

planned.

228. HOW IS MARGINALCONTRIBUTION OBTAINED?

It is obtained by subtracting the variable cost of a product from the selling price.

229. WHATISTHE FORMULATO KNOWTHE UNITSTO SELLFOR

TO OBTAIN A DETERMINED PROFIT?

Total fixed costs plus desired profit divided by the marginal contribution margin
unitary.

230. WHATISTHE FORMULATO KNOWTHE UNITSTO BE SOLD FOR

HOW TO OBTAIN A DESIRED PROFIT AFTER INCOME TAX AND PROFIT SHARING?

Fixed costs plus desired profit after taxes divided by one minus rate
between unitary marginal contribution margin.

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