Universal Mechanical Testing Overview
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ScribdTranslationsUniversal Mechanical Testing Overview
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsUniversal Mechanical Testing Machine
A universal mechanical testing machine is a machine that
it apparently simulates being a press; but it has qualities that allow it to
hold parts and materials in order to evaluate their mechanical properties,
such as elasticity, hardness, formability, resilience, among others
through tests that can be of traction, tension, compression, shear, bending
and hardness.
These tests can be performed by the machine due to its composition which by
general consists of the following parts:
Where those that are to be notably mentioned as units together
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Load unit: Fixtures for samples and both fixed and mobile tables.
This unit is responsible for holding the piece to be analyzed and taking care of
transmit the movements that the operator requests to the equipment.
Control unit: Control panel.
Unit that performs the function of manipulating the test as desired.
user; determine the applied load, percentage of deformation in the
materials, speed of the gun's movement along with the amount of
this, among others.
Power unit: Pressure hoses, hydraulic cylinder, valve
flow regulator, level, motor and hydraulic cylinder.
This unit serves the function of controlling fluids.
it refers to the unit that delivers movement to the rest of the system through
hose connectors capable of withstanding high pressures and forces
that are managed.
Computing unit: A device not shown in the image; it is the display.
the results extender for the user.
Finally, there is this unit that allows the person in charge to choose what
type of test you want to perform and in this way provide the results
sometimes in the form of a report or just through graphs or tables,
depending on the equipment used.
Types of tests
Tension test
This test provides values of the properties as it
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Resistance to yielding
Percentage of elongation
Percentage of area reduction
Maximum effort to the break
The procedure to carry out this test is to
position the piece to be analyzed on both tables in a way
fix it simply to stretch it until achieving
its break; and it should be added that the part may vary from
shape and size, but always governed by standards
established according to the equipment to be used.
Compression test
This test provides the values of the following properties:
Resistance of a material to the load of
compression
Effort that a material can withstand under load
of compression
Effort that the material can withstand in
force per area units
For this procedure, the following are taken into account
many standards that are very important to
they must be fulfilled, but they should vary depending on the
chosen standard.
To carry out this test, it is generally done
they use two special pieces that have to compress one piece against another
simulating what would be two plates crushing a material in the center that will need to
to be fixed.
Hardness Test
In this type of test, values of the following properties are obtained in the
Rockwell scale generally:
Elastic limit (Occasionally)
Trend towards work hardening
Elasticity modulus
Ductility
Tenacity
The procedure to carry out this test is
to use one material special balls o
penetrators) that must be embedded in a
small area of the material (which by obligation has
to seemingly analyze uniform)
slow and steady until it is finished
test and remove the tool in order to measure
the area or depth of the notch that the machine makes; and based on this test
Different analyses are carried out to determine each of the properties mentioned.
said.
Bending test
This test gives us the dimensions of the following properties:
Bending modulus
Bending effort
Bending deformation
The strategy that this test encompasses is
subject the test piece to a compression in the
concave surface and under a tensile stress in the
convex surface.
To carry out this test, it is very important to identify the temperature at which
which will carry out the test because this alters the results and to know the
composition of the material to be analyzed.
Cut Test
This essay allows us to obtain the following characteristics of materials:
Resistance of a soil sample
Fatigue analysis
Percentage of deformation
For this analysis, the fixed sample is placed in the center of the equipment along a
predetermined failure plan due to the action of shear force
horizontal increased, while a normal load is applied to the plane of
movement.