Go-Kart Carburetor Setup Guide
Go-Kart Carburetor Setup Guide
The position of the seat is fundamental for the balance of the kart. One must reach the
steering wheel with arms making an angle of 90 degreesoand 100oThe legs must
remain bent, even when the pilot accelerates to the maximum. In addition to
weight distribution, the comfort of the pilot is important. The positioning of the
the bank must combine comfort with balance. The bank should be as low as possible
possible to provide a center of gravity closer to the ground,
favoring greater stability. For pilots who are between 1.70 and 1.90m tall
height, it is recommended to install the bench with the following measurements:
From the upper face of the rear axle to the middle of the upper part of the backrest.
the custom bank should be between 23 and 24 cm (Dim. 1 of figure 1), and the distance
buttock to axle distance must be
approximately 18cm (Dim. 2 of figure 1);
The measure from the tip of the saddle to the center of the front tube of the frame, where the
the pilot supports the heel, it should be from 60 to 63 cm on the right side and 58 to 61 cm on the left
left side. It is normal for one leg to be longer than the other;
3) The height from the tip of the seat of the kart to the floor must be
between 7 and 8cm;
4) The distance between the top of the steering wheel and the top of the backrest
the bench should be between 69 and 70cm;
The height from the bottom of the bank to the floor should be between 10 and 15mm.
Figure 1
Carburation
In a kart, where the carburetion is adjusted by the driver themselves, it is essential that
this knows how to do it. The carburetion needles regulate the fuel mixture
with the air, in the engine. The fuel enters together with the oxygen that comes
from the carburetor air intake. Together, in the cylinder head, the spark from the spark plug causes the
explosion of the mixture, which allows the engine to function.
The 2T oil added to the fuel lubricates the internal parts of the engine.
There are two needles in each carburetor (the engine can have carburation
single or double). The needle closest to the motor regulates the input of
fuel at low rotation/speed, that is, in the curves. The high needle
regulates the fuel intake at high rotation/speed, that is, on the straights.
Carburetor adjustment
A well-tuned carburetor is important to achieve the maximum.
engine efficiency. It is important to point out that the 2 needles (high and low)
they must be turned equally, that is, with the same number of turns. When
putting the kart on the track it is common to exit with 1½ or 1¼ lap on each needle,
doing two to three laps of 'warming up'. After the engine is warmed up, it is removed
the candle and then begins the most sensitive part of the needle adjustment.
The adjustment should be made slowly, always turning 1/8 of a turn at a time.
for the strangulation of the high or low needle will result in scarcity of
fuel and consequently the lack of lubrication, which surely
will cause the engine to break the ring, connecting rod and/or piston resulting in the
engine seizure.
If the needles are too wide open, the fuel intake will be greater.
than the burning capacity of the candle. It can be seen that this occurs
when the exhaust releases too much smoke (carburetion with excess or
gross.
The best carburetion adjustment is obtained when, upon removing the spark plug right away
after the kart stop, the inner part of the spark plug (high rotation) is with a
light brown coloring, and the outer part (low rotation) is slightly
damp or almost dry.
Sail
The function of the spark plug is to conduct high voltage electricity inside
from the combustion chamber, converting it into a spark to ignite the mixture.
Despite its simple appearance, it is a piece of sophisticated technology, as the
its perfect performance is directly linked to the engine's efficiency.
Thermal grade: To function properly, the candle electrode must operate
between 400ºC and 900ºC. Below 400ºC, the candle will tend to get dirty with oil and
coal, which are not burned below this temperature. Above 900ºC the
the electrode tip glows and causes pre-ignition and/or detonation (start of
burns before the appropriate point and/or uncontrolled and rapid burning of
mixture)
Any clearance of the valves above the factory recommendation will cause
valve timing and, theoretically, reduce engine performance. This is
explain that a greater clearance in the valves will cause a delay in their
opening and will advance the closure. In other words, the cylinder will not receive all of the
necessary fuel, and also will not be able to completely exhaust the
burned gases. The higher the engine speed, the more this will be noticed.
influence. The special commands for high revs have opening times of
major valve. This does not mean that the clearance should be greater. Note that there are two
different things (clearance and opening). The clearance serves as thermal compensation;
the highlights of the command indicate the time and duration of the opening of the
valves. The increased clearance of the valves can make starting the engine more difficult.
difficult, giving 'downs', valve tapping and, on the track, it can get much worse
performance of the kart.
5) Test with the gauge blade again. If it's good, finish tightening.
tighten the screw and move to the other valve, repeating the procedure.
Note: The adjustment cannot be made with the blade placed in the space, because
it doesn't help at all to try to regulate like this, on the contrary.
Relation
The relationship between the crown and pinion is very important, as it directly influences the
engine performance in corner exits and straight finishes. A larger crown, or
having more teeth (short ratio) provides better output of
curves, a smaller crown (long ratio) provides greater speed in
ends of the lines. With the pinion, the opposite happens, that is, the larger the
the longer the relationship lasts. The ideal is to find a balance between
end of straight and curve exit, remembering that one tooth on the pinion has much
more representation than a tooth in the crown. It is often said that in us
A tooth on the pinion gear is equivalent to about three teeth on the crown.
Tires
Some caution should be taken when buying tires, as they are what
they transmit the engine power to the ground. It is important to check if the softness is
balanced among the 4 tires, and if the measurement of the outer diameter of the tires
is close, both to the front and to the rear.
When assembling a tire game, the inner pin of the pressure valve must be removed.
so that, when increasing the pressure to 'stick them' to the cube, they do not deform
emptying quickly.
Tire Inflation
Front: 12 Lbs.
Rear: 14 Lbs.
Increasing the calibration makes the kart stall.
Lowering the tire pressure makes the kart loose.
Rear Axle
The oldest axles had a diameter of 30mm, but currently the axles
they have a diameter of 40 or 50mm. The specific axis for each must be used.
type of engine, as this reduces the risk of it breaking, due to not
having keyway holes left unnecessarily, which weakens
sensibly the resistance of the axis. There are specific axles for motor RD135
with central table and with offset table, for 4-stroke engines 13
Another important point is to choose the axis based on the hardness of the material, the
which is identified by colors, as below:
Mole Green
Medium Yellow
Hard Red
Basic concepts about escape flexible pipes
The adjustment of the flexible size is very important for performance.
motor. Every time we increase the size of the flexible, we increase the
gas path within the exhaust system, and with that the engine becomes more
"loose" at low revs. This allows for a stronger acceleration, as in
In fact, we are changing the engine's torque range. On the other hand,
we lose power and RPM count at high revs. Shortening the
flexible we have the opposite - increased torque at high, and lower torque at low.
Normally, the flexible one serves as a complement to the used crown.
Let's see, your engine is not responding well out of the curve and the crown already
it cannot be shortened any further as it will lack speed at the end of the straight.
if you gradually increase the size of the flexible until the point at which
starts to notice influence on the curve output (power gain) without
harm the end of the line (motor with stabilized revs without gain of
speed). The opposite also applies to ensure greater speed and power
at the end of the lines, in this case proceed in the same way, shortening
gradually the flexible.
Advanced Tips (adjustments)
If the Kart loses the rear in the corners, try to close the rear a bit to
that she holds on longer.
If the front does not respond well, try putting some adjustment washers to
open the front.
If the kart "bounces" in the corners, accelerate a little more to see if there is a
improvement. If this does not solve it, open the back a little and close it a bit.
front.
If before the end of the straight the kart stops accelerating, change the gear ratio for another one.
a little longer, putting on a smaller crown or a larger pinion.
Walking in the Rain
When you go out in the rain, you should make some adjustments to your kart. They are
they
1) Loosen the bumper screws so that the kart becomes softer and
secure more on the ground;
2) Install rain tires and front wheels with extra weight, if possible;
3) Protect the air intake so that water does not enter the carburetor;
4) Open the needles a little to increase the amount of fuel and
allow burning in the presence of water;
Open the front and close the rear to hold the kart more firmly on the ground;
6) Create a rain trajectory, avoiding the normal rubberized strip;
If it is very wet, increase the pressure for the tire grooves.
work better. If it is less wet, you can lower the calibration,
mainly if you are riding with slick tires (for dry track);
8) Replace the relationship with a slightly shorter one, adding a crown.
larger or a smaller pine nut. This should provide a better
engine efficiency, since the speed is lower in the rain;
Eventually, one can also move any ballast to the front.
go kart;
10) Maybe you have trouble starting the kart, so you will be able to
opt for the choice of a hotter spark plug (B9 or B8);
11) The use of aluminum wheels in the rain is more recommended than those
of magnesium, as they provide faster heating of the tires.
Convergence is 0mm
If the kart starts to slide, the solution is to close the rear.
If the kart understeers, the solution is to close the front.
Wet Track Adjustment
Convergence is 5mm
Close the rear wheels and open the front ones.
The kart bank should be placed 20mm in front of the
position used on dry track
Eccentric Bushing
Rear Axle:
For very rubberized tracks, a soft axle should be used.
For a slightly rubberized track, a medium axle should be used.
For tracks without rubber, a hard axle should be used.
Current
Chain slack adjustment
Initially, we will consider that you are using a crown, pinion and
new currents. Every mechanical part that works in an assembly requires
mechanical adjustment to reach its peak performance. With the ratio of
the same applies to traction. The critical point in this case is the current, as it has
interconnected moving parts (there are gaps between the chain rollers so that
it becomes malleable, without this slack the chain would be an element without
articulation). When the chain is new and has not been subjected to tensile forces
it "measures" a certain value. After being used, the tensile forces to which
they submit "stretch" the links and reduce the gaps between the rollers, thus their
the size is slightly larger than when new. That's why when
we set up a new relationship, we observed a variation in the current voltage,
the parts are not mechanically adjusted, crown, chain, and pinion yet
they did not assume their condition of normal use. When we adjusted the initial clearance,
we must locate the most stressed point and calculate around 1 cm of
oscillation. After this procedure, we must make at least 4 laps with the kart.
and return to the box to readjust the chain slack again, this time
definitively. With the pieces turned, they have already settled and the current has already
assumed values close to the ideal for prolonged use. Knowing that the
stretched chain, so we can conclude that a new crown or a pinion
they must have a minimum clearance in relation to the current, as this clearance will
increase when the current takes its definitive quotas. This is important
why it translates to power gain for the engine. A misaligned crown
a very tight belt will waste engine power to adjust
yes, in addition to causing premature wear of the entire traction system.
Keep the chain always lubricated with oil and grease.
Note: Right after finishing using the engine with alcohol, put it to
to run with gasoline (preferably BR Podium) and 2T oil for 2 minutes
to clean the alcohol residues from the carburetor.
How does Kart work
The kart is a type of small vehicle for racing on racetracks.
also with reduced dimensions, known as go-kart tracks.
This modality became well known for revealing several great names.
of national and international sports, like Emerson Fittipaldi, Ayrton Senna,
Raul Boesel, Cristiano da Matta, Felipe Massa among others. It is also the
most suitable category for children who have an interest in motorsport.
Currently, karting is divided into nine categories, according to age and/or
experience of the pilots. They are:
Mirim - PMK (6 years completed by 8);
Cadet - PCK (8 years completed by age 12);
Junior Minor - PJMK (10 to 13 years);
Junior - PJK (12 to 14 years old);
Kart Driver - PK (beginner older than 14 years, without experience in karting);
Graduated Pilot 'B' - PGBK (coming from the categories PK and PJK or graduated)
by karting driving school);
Graduated Pilot 'A' - PGKA (promoted from category PGKB);
Senior Pilot 'B' - PSKB (minimum age of 25 years);
Senior Pilot 'A' - PSKA (promoted from the PSKB category).
In karting, changes in category can occur due to the required age.
for the promotion to have been achieved or for the results obtained.
In all the tests of the modality, the definition of dogridé made by taking of
times. The order of the drivers for the time trial is decided by a draw, and
Everyone has the opportunity to make two timed runs on the track.
drivers who achieve the best times start in the front positions, with
two karts in each row, with the number of drivers in each race being
defined by the event organizers.
Before the start, the drivers make a reconnaissance lap of the track.
driven by pole position. After being repositioned, they start the race after
a light signal or a checkered flag (the colors depend on the
organizers) of the race director, depending on the competition. They are also
the event organizers who define the duration of the test and/or the
distance to be covered. The top three competitors in each event must,
obligatorily, receive trophies, with any extra awards being at
positions of the organizers.
Flags
The flags serve in motorsport as the main way of
communication between the race management and the driver. The meaning of each one
the fabric is in color and design. The most well-known is the checkered one in
black and white, the yellow and the red, but there are still a few others.
See what they are and their meanings:
Colorful checkered: usually, the colors are from the flag of Brazil
(green and yellow), which can be of other colors (with the colors of a State,
for example), according to the will of the organization of each event. It serves
to start an event when the starting signal is given, that is, at
movement.
Yellow: everything in this color. Indicates that there is some danger on the track, and that the
competitors must reduce speed, and they are also not allowed to overtake.
Green: everything in this color. Indicates that there is no more danger and is back to normal.
speed and overtaking.
Red: all in this color. Indicates that the test was interrupted for some reason.
reason, and that the pilots must reduce speed and prepare to stop at any moment
moment.
Black and white: the flag is equally divided into two diagonally, being
each part of a color. It comes accompanied by the driver's car number and
warns about possible unsportsmanlike conduct.
Black: accompanied by a sign with the pilot's car number, indicates that the
even was punished and must go to the pits.
White: all in this color. Indicates that there is a vehicle that is excessively slow in the
track.
Black and orange: all black with an orange circle in the center. Comes
accompanied by the pilot's car number and indicates that it must
drive to the pits for vehicle repairs.
Yellow and red: with vertical stripes in both colors. Indicates lack of
adhesion on the track.
Black and white checked: always busy, it signifies the end of the race.
Pinion x Crown Relationship Table for RD135
The table below shows the relationship between the pinion and the crown of an RD135.
The closer to 1, the longer. The closer to zero, the more
short. And don't forget that the shorter you make the relationship, the more
you will have chances to climb walls, as the kart will have a force of
damn. Notice for example, that if you are using a ratio: Pinhão 15
The 20-tooth chainring and decides to change to the 18-tooth and 24-tooth chainring, there will be no
CROWN
PINHÃO
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
14 0.778 0.737 0.700 0.667 0.636 0.609 0.583 0.560 0.538
15 0.833 0.789 0.750 0.714 0.682 0.652 0.625 0.600 0.577
16 0,889 0,842 0.800 0.762 0.727 0.696 0.667 0.640 0.615
17 0.944 0.895 0.850 0.810 0.773 0.739 0,708 0.680 0.654
18 1,000 0.947 0.900 0.857 0.818 0.783 0.750 0.720 0.692
New Pinhão x Crown Relationship Table for RD135, following the relationship
from the shortest to the longest.
14 26 0.538 17 24 0.708
14 25 0.560 15 21 0.714
15 26 0.577 16 22 0.727
14 24 0.583 14 19 0.737
15 25 0.600 17 23 0.739
14 23 0.609 15 20 0.750
16 26 0.615 16 21 0.762
15 24 0.625 17 22 0.773
14 22 0.636 14 18 0.778
16 25 0.640 15 19 0.789
15 23 0.652 16 20 0.800
17 26 0.654 17 21 0.810
14 21 0.667 15 18 0.833
16 24 0.667 16 19 0.842
17 25 0.680 17 20 0.850
15 22 0.682 16 18 0.889
16 23 0.696 17 19 0.895
14 20 0.700 17 18 0.944
Catalog of RD135Z - Shift Shaft
SWAY AXIS
REF. N o
CODE DISCRIMINATION QUANTITY.
ENGINE BLOCKS
REF. No CODE DISCRIMINATION QUANTITY.
Check the year of the chassis, as if the price is too low it could be
because the chassis is very old, in this case it is not worth the risk,
because the older it gets, the more worn out the kart is. The worst part is not the
kilometers driven on the track and not the kilometers driven on the grass!
[Link]
One of the problems with the used chassis are the welds. Look closely at all the
chassis structure, if there is any weld, be suspicious, as it could be
sign that the chassis has been very used or had a very strong impact.
Even if you ask the go-kart owner about why that happened
he certainly will never say that it is a serious matter. If the soldering
for large, like all around the tube, let's say it's serious, but if
a solder for the size of 1 or 2cm wouldn't have so much of a problem, but then
depends on the place where this weld is. For example, near the wheels it is
risky. Welds on the supports of the bench wouldn't be so serious.
2.4 Rear axle
To check if the rear axle is bent, lift the kart up.
so that the rear wheels come off the ground, take a screwdriver
fix it as close as possible to the axis, and rotate the axis. If the key stays
picking up at some points on the axis and not at others, the axis is crooked.
See the photos below on how to do it:
2.7 Bank
Remove the seat cover (if there is one) and check if the seat is not broken.
It's very full of holes and patches. This is not so much either.
just like that, as it only takes one more layer of fiberglass and the
the problem is solved, but it would also be extra work.
2.8 If the chassis is not warped.
This test is relatively easy to perform. To find out if the chassis does not
it is warped, do the following: place the kart on a flat surface
turn the steering wheel all the way to the right. By doing this, the left wheel should
raise a little off the ground (no more than 2cm). Do the same for the
other side. It doesn't matter much how high they rise from the ground,
It matters that they rise to the same height on both sides. Do not
Forget that the chassis must have the geometry 'zeroed' and the tires.
with the same calibration and in the same state of wear.
3. Which engine is better?
First you should ask yourself: what do I want the kart for? To have fun
at low cost? To invest professionally? To have the pleasure of feeling the
motor power? Anyway, it's a very delicate issue, but let's go
trying to help...
3.1 Motorcycle for fun, no matter the speed:
In this case, we recommend a Honda 4-stroke engine GX160 5.5HP.
likely that you have seen one of these engines, as they are the
preference of 10 out of 10 indoor kart track owners. They are
engines that are a bit more expensive, but that don't run as much due to
low power. They come with a centrifugal clutch (the engine does not die)
when the kart stops) and it's better, it gives fewer problems. Another engine that
requires less maintenance and the CG125 bike, it is hard to find a kart with
a motor like that, but it exists.
3.2 Fun motor, with speed, and cheap:
A well-suited engine would be an RD135, as the maintenance of these
engines are lower compared to traditional go-karts.
Depending on the preparation, these engines can reach 150 km/h or
But. The adrenaline of speeding up a go-kart with these engines is fantastic.
The feeling of speed and the gear shifts is very close to
race cars. There is also the Honda 4-stroke engine GX390 13HP,
single-cylinder, air-cooled, with rope start mechanism.
This is also a quite strong engine, especially if it receives a
proper preparation, but its price is much higher than the RD135. It is
a good option for those who want to walk without facing major problems of
maintenance, but when maintenance is needed it won't be much
cheap.
3.3 Motor for competition:
In this case, prepare your wallet, as there are several models available.
market, such as: Parilla Evolution, PCR, Riomar Super, etc., to
the maintenance of these engines is quite expensive and their lifespan is short. They are great
engines, but the problem is the prices. However, if money is not yours
problem, then you will have found your engine among the ones mentioned above.
Thinking about the future?
The global trend is towards the use of 4-stroke engines, which pollute.
much less than that of 2 strokes. One example is the Biland. It already exists even
championship in Brazil, the Billand Challenge.
3.5 What to look for in the engine?
The tire is positioned with the correct rotation direction facing up and one is placed on it.
inner part of the wheel, tightening, rotating and leaving the tire still (fig.
4).
At this point, it is necessary to put the inner side of the tire. Fold the part
tire inner, forcing it inward (fig. 5). Place the wheel with the part
internally upwards, hold the wheel and the tire with one hand and with the other force the
tire inside.
To mount the tire on the rim, place it in the driving position and
inflate to a pressure greater than the exercise pressure, 42 to 56 PSI at most, for
allow for quick filling. It is useful to remove the valve (if it was not done before)
so that after the tire is mounted on the wheel, the air can escape quickly,
thus avoiding a deformation of the tire structure.
This is a very delicate phase, due to the not remote risk of wheel explosion.
Some companies prepare safety packaging in which is placed the
tire in the filling phase under high pressure, being able to contain the
fragments of a possible and undesirable explosion.
In any situation, it is essential to protect yourself with plastic glasses.
Safety type and keep the face as far away from the wheel as possible. When the
if the tire is unmounted from the wheel, reinsert the filling valve and
subsequently calibrate the tire with the expected pressure according to the type of
drunk and the conditions of the track.
Balancing
The balancing of the wheel/tire set is a fundamental point for achieving
the best performance of your kart. Unbalanced wheels cause vibrations,
discomfort in driving, excessive tire wear and drop in
yield.
The balancing of a go-kart wheel is of the static type, with the kart on a
bracket, without the use of a balancing machine. The front wheels
can be balanced on the kart itself, while the rear ones require a
support for balancing.
The ideal balancing depends on the weight balance in the set, which can
to be observed when, after several rotations, the wheel always stops in positions
different. Use lead for balancing while thoroughly degreasing the wheel
before the definitive fixation.
Tire Hardness MG
MOTOR
Type: 2 Times
Displacement: 132 cm3
Diameter x Stroke: 58.0 x 50.0 mm
Carburetor: VM24SS/MIKUNI
Lubrication System: Autolube
Compression Rate: 6.82 : 1
Maximum Torque (DIN) 1.5 kgf·m at 7,000 rpm
Maximum Power (DIN): 16.0 hp at 8,000 rpm.
Standard
0.25mm
Correction: 0.50mm
0.75mm
1.0mm
Ignition Advance (Motoplat): Advance 1.60mm before P.M.S.
5. Carburetor
Typically, the Tillotson is used, the same as the V4 engine from Riomar. It is
it is possible to use the original Mikuni from the bike, but to make it work it will be necessary
adjust the nozzles and needle for alcohol and adapt a fuel pump,
which can be mechanical or pulse, that uses the pressure from the engine crankcase
to activate the pump. The Tillotson already has the pump built into the carburetor.
pulse.