Technical University of the North

Faculty of Engineering in Agricultural and Environmental Sciences

Degree: Agricultural Industrial Engineering
Subject: Physics II
Leon Wilson
Teacher: Salgado Gustavo

Section 8.1 WORK

8.1. What is the work done by a force of 20N that acts over a
parallel distance of 8 m? What force will do the same work over a distance of 4
m?
Data
T=?
F = 20 N
d = 8m
d = 2m

W = F.d W = F.d
W = 20 N.8 m W
d
W = 160 J 160J
F= 4M
F = T/d = 160J/4m = 40N F=40N

8.2. A worker lifts a weight of 40 lb to a height of 10 ft. How many meters is that?
Can a 10 kg block be lifted with the same amount of work?
Data
F = 40 lb
d = 10 ft
F=10kg
W = F.d W = Fh = mgh
T = 20 lb Δ 10 ft h = W/mg
W = 200 [Link] h= 10kg270J
Δ 9.8m/s²
W = 200 [Link] 1.35J
270J
1 foot-pound
h = 2.7551

8.3. A tugboat exerts a constant force of 4000N on a boat,

displacing it a distance of 15 m. What is the work done?
Data
F = 400 N
d = 15m

W = F.d
W = 4000 N Δ 15 m
W = 60000 J

8.4. A 5 kg hammer is lifted to a height of 3 m. What is the minimum work?

required to do it?

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Data
m = 5kg
h=3m

W=Fh
W = 5kg * 9.8m/s² * 3m
W = 147.0 J

A push of 120 N is applied along the handle of a lawn mower. That

push produces a horizontal displacement of 14 m. If the handle forms an angle of
30°
With the ground, what work was done by the force of 120 N?

Data
F = 120N
d = 14m
θ = 30°
W = F cos 30°.d
W = (120N cos 30°) Δ14m
W = 1454.9J

8.6. The trunk in figure 8.10 is dragged a horizontal distance of 24 m using

a rope that forms an angle θ with the floor. If the tension in the rope is 80 N,
which
What is the work done at each of the following angles: 0°, 30°, 60°, 90°?

Data
T = 80N
D = 24m
30 degrees

W = F cos(0°) . d W = (80N cos 0°) 24m = 1920J

W = (F cos 30°) . d W = (80N * cos(30°)) * 24m = 1662.77J
W = F cos(60°) . d W = (80N cos 60°) 24m = 960J
W = (F cos 90°) . d W = (80N * cos 90°) * 24m = 0J

8.7. A horizontal force pushes a 10 kg sled a distance of 40 m in a

path. If the coefficient of sliding friction is 0.2, what work has been done?
the
friction force?

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Data
T=?
F=?
m = 10 kg
d = 40m
W=0.2

F = ΩN W = F.d
F = ΩΔm.g W = 0.2 (10kg (9.8m/s²) 40m) = -784J

8.8. A sled is pulled a distance of 12.0 m by means of a rope, with a

constant tension of 140 N. The task requires 1200 J of work. What angle does it form?
cord with the ground?

Data
W = 1200
F = 140 N
10kg
d = 12m
W = (F cos 0°).d
W
cosθ = F.d
1200N
cosθ = 140N Δ 12m
cosθ = 0.71
θ = arccos(0.71)
Σ = 44.44°

SECTION 8.2 RESULTING WORK

8.9. An average force of 40 N compresses a spring to a distance of 6 cm. What is

Is the work done by the force of 40 N? What work does the spring perform? What is it?
the
resulting work?

Data

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F = 40N
6cm = 0.06m

W = F.d Wr = F.d W = 2.40 J ? 2.40 J

W = 40N. 0.06m Wr = 40N.0.06m W=0J
2.40 J Wr = 2.40J

8.10. A horizontal force of 20 N pulls a small sled 42 meters over the ice.
at high speed. Find the work done by the traction and friction forces.
What is the resultant force?
Data
F = 20N
d = 42m
W = F.d W=F·d
W = 20N.42m Wr = 20N Δ 42m
W = 8.40 J Wr = 8.40J

8.11. A 10 kg block is dragged 20 m by a parallel force of 26 N. If μk =

0.2, what is the resulting work and what acceleration is produced?
Data
m = 10kg
d = 10m
F = 26N
WU=0.2
F = Ω.N W = (P?F).d a = mF
F = ΩΔm.g W = (26N - 19.6) * 20m a= 6.4N
10
F = 0.2 (9.8 m/s^2) 10 kg W = 128J a = 0.64 m/s²
F = 19.6 N
F = 26 N - 19.6
F = 6.4 N

8.12. A rope that forms a 35° angle with the horizontal drags a box of
tools weighing 10 kg over a horizontal distance of 20 m. The tension in the rope
it is 60 N and the constant friction force is 30 N. What work does the rope perform?
And the friction? What is the resulting work?
Data
Θ = 35°
m = 10 kg
d = 20m
T=60N
Fr=30N
W = (60N cos 35°).20m = 983J
W = 20 N cos 35°. 20 m = 600 J
W = W1 + W2 = 983J - 600J = 383J

8. 13. In the example described in problem 8.12, what is the coefficient of friction?
between the toolbox and the floor? Resp. 0.472

4
Θ = 35°
m = 10 kg
d = 20m
T = 60N
Fr=30N

F = Ω.N
This appears to be a mathematical expression rather than a text requiring translation.
N + 60N sin(35) - 10kg(9.8m/s²) F
N
30N
N=63.58N 63.58N
Ω = 0.47

8.14. A 40 kg sled is pulled horizontally a distance of 500 m (μk = 0.2).

If the resulting work is 50 kJ, what was the parallel pulling force?
Data
m = 40Kg
d = 500m
μk = 0.2
W = 50 kJ
F = Ω.N F = Ω Δm.g = 0.2 (9.8 m/s²) 40 kg = 78.4 N

P = F = 50kJ P = 78.4 (500m) = 50000J = 178N

8.15. Suppose that m = 8 kg in figure 8.11 and μk = 0. What minimum work will need to be done?
make the force P to reach the highest point of the inclined plane? What work is done?
What is required to lift the 8 kg block vertically to the same height?
Data
m = 8kg
d = 500m
μk = 0
P = w sin 40 Wp = Px = κsin40(d) W=k h
12m
sen40= x Wp = 78.4N sin(40)(18.67m) W = 78.4 N Δ 12 m
12m
x= sen40 Wp = 940.87 940.80
x = 18.67
k = mg
k = 8 kg, Δ = 9.8 m/s²

k = 78.4 N

8.16. What is the minimum work that force P must do to move the block?
8 kg up to the highest part of the inclined plane if μk = 0.4? Compare this result with
the work necessary to lift the block vertically to the same height.

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Data
m = 8 kg
μk = 0.4
Θ = 40°
fy=0 Fx = 0
N = mg cos 40° P F 60.06N 0
N = 8kg (9.8m/s²) sin 40 P = 24.02N + 50.39N
N=60.06N P = 74.41N
Fr=ΩN
Fr=0.4(60.06N)
Fr = 24.02 N

8.17. What is the resulting work when the 8 kg block slides from the top
highest to the lowest of the inclined plane in figure 8.11? Assume that μk = 0.4.
Data
m=8kg
μk = 0.4
40°

Fr = mgsin40
f = 8kg * 9.8m/s² * sin(40) - 0.4 * 78.4N * cos(40)
F = 60.06 ± 23.91
26.37 N

W = 26.37 N Δ 18.67 m
W = 492.33 N

SECTION 8.4 WORK AND KINETIC ENERGY

8.18. What is the kinetic energy of a 6 g bullet at the moment when its speed is
At 190 m/s? What is the kinetic energy of a 1200 kg car traveling at 80
km/h?
Ec=6g
v = 190 m/s
m = 1200 kg
80 km/h

1000m 1h
80kmh 1km 3600 seconds
22.22

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Ec = 1/2 mv² = 1/2 Δ0.006kg(190m/s)² = 216.6J
Ec = 1/2mv = 1/2Δ1200kg(22.22m/s)² = 296kJ

8.19. What is the kinetic energy of a 2,400 lb car when traveling at a

speed of 55 mi/h? What is the kinetic energy of a 9 lb ball when its speed
Is it 40 ft/s?
Data
m = 9 lb
v = 55 m/h
m = 1200 kg
40 ft/s

55 mi/h = 80.7 ft/s

2400lb
motherg 75 slugs
32 feet per second
9lb
mb= g 0.28 slugs
32 feet per second
Ec = 1/2mv² = 1/2Δ75 slugs(80.7 ft/s)² = 244218.38 [Link]

Ec = 1/2 mv² = 1/20.28 slugs (40 ft/s) = 224 [Link]

8.20. What is the change in kinetic energy when a 50 g ball hits the
It hits the ground at a speed of 16 m/s and bounces back at a speed of 10 m/s?
Data
50g = 0.05kg
v = 16 m/s
V = 10 m/s
Ec = 1/2mvf² ? 1/2mv²
Ec = 1/2 * 0.05 kg * (10 m/s)² - 1/2 * 0.05 kg * (-16 m/s)²
3.90 J

8.21. A 400 kg cart uncontrollably enters a cornfield at a speed of

12 m/s and finally comes to a stop. What was the magnitude of the work done by that?
cart
Data
m = 400 kg
v = 12 m/s
vf = 0/s
W = 1/2 mvf² - 1/2 mv²
W = 1/2 Δ 400kg (0)² - 1/2 Δ 400kg (12m/s)²
W = 28800 J Δ = 0.001 kJ = 28.8 kJ

8.22. A 2400 lb car increases its speed from 30 mph to 60 mph. What work
What was required to achieve it? What is the equivalent work in joules?
Data
m = 2400 lb =2400 lb
75 slugs
32 feet per second
v = 30 mi/h = 44 ft/s
vf = 60 mi/h = 88 ft/s

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W = 1/2 mvf² - 1/2 mv²
W = 1/2Δ75 slugs(40 ft/s)² - 1/2Δ75 slugs(88 ft/s)²
W = 217800 [Link]
1J
W=?217800 0.7378 foot-pounds
295201.95J 0.001K 295. 2KJ

8.23. A 0.6 kg hammer is moving at 30 m/s just before hitting the head of a
hook. Calculate the initial kinetic energy. What work did the head of the hammer perform?
Data
0.6 kg
v = 0 m/s
30 m/s

1/2mv²
Ec = 1/2 * 0.6kg * (30m/s)²
270J

W = 1/2 mv² - 1/2 mvf²

W = 1/2 * 0.6kg * (0)² - 1/2 * 0.6kg * (30m/s)²
W = 270J

8.24. A 12 lb hammer moving at 80 ft/s strikes the head of a nail and it

dogs in the wall to a depth of ¼ in. What was the average force of
detention?
Data
12lb
m = 12 lb =32 0.375 slugs
feet per second
1 foot
s = ¼ in = 0.25 in12 inches0.0208ft
v = 80 ft/s

Fs = 1/2 mvf² - 1/2 mv²

F(0.0208ft = 1/2Δ(0.375(0))² - 1/2Δ(0.375slugs)(80ft/s)²
F=57692.30 [Link]

8.25. What average force is needed to increase the speed of a 2 kg object?

from 5 m/s to 12 m/s over a distance of 8 m?
Data
m = 2 kg
v = 5 m/s
vf = 12 m/s
d = 8m

Fs = 1/2 mvf² - 1/2 mv²

F(8) = 1/2 Δ2kg(5m/s)² - 1/2 Δ2kg(12m/s)²
F = 14.88 N

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8.26. Check the answer to problem 8.25 by applying Newton's second law.
of the movement.
Data
m=2kg
v = 5 m/s
12 m/s
d = 8m

F = m.a
2as = vf² ? v²
a= 5 m/s 2squared, 12 m/s squared
7.44 m/s²
raised to the power of 8m
F = 2kg ( -7.44m/s² )
14.88 N

8.27. A 20 g projectile crashes into a mud bank (see figure 8.12) and
penetrates 6 cm before stopping. Calculate the stopping force F if the speed of
input is 80 m/s.

Data
20g = 0.02kg
V = 80 m/s
d = 6 cm = 0.06 m

Fs = 1/2 mvf² - 1/2 mv²

F(0.06m) = 1/2Δ(0.02kg)(0)² - 1/2Δ(0.02kg)(80m/s)²
F = 1066.66 N

8.28. A 1500 kg car is traveling at 60 km/h on a flat road. What

What work is required for braking? If μk = 0.7, what is the braking distance?
Data
1500 kg
v = 60 km/h = 60hkm 1000m
1 km
1 hour
16.67 m/s
3600 seconds
Ω=0.7

F = 1/2 mvf² - 1/2 mv²

F = 1/2 Δ1500kg(0)² - 1/2 Δ1500kg(16.67m/s)²
F = 208416.68 J
mg = 208416.68J
s= 0.7 x208416.68J
1500kg x 9.8m/s²

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s = 20.25m

Section 8.5 Potential Energy

8.29. A 2 kg block rests on a table 80 cm off the ground. Calculate the energy.
potential of the block in relation to: (a) the floor, (b) the seat of a chair that is 40
cm from the floor and (e) the ceiling, 3 m from the floor.

Data
2kg
d = 80 cm = 0.8 m
d = 40 cm = 0.4 m
d = 3m

Ep = mgh
Ep = 2kg(9.8m/s²)(0.8m) = 15.68J
Ep = 2kg (9.8m/s²) (0.4m) = 7.84J
Ep = 2 kg (9.8 m/s²) (2.2 m) = 43.12 J

8.30. A brick weighing 1.2 kg is suspended 2 m above a well.

inspection and then it is dropped. The bottom of the well is 3 m below the level of the
street. Regarding the street, what is the potential energy of the brick in each of
Those places? What is the change in terms of potential energy?
Data
1.2 kg
d = 2m
d = 3m
Ep = mgh
Ep = 1.2kg(9.8m/s²)(2m) = 23.52J suspended
Epf = 1.2kg(9.8m/s²)(-3m) = -35.28 in the well

Ep = Epf ≿ Ep
Ep = 35.28 J - 23.52 J
Ep = 58.8 J

8.31. At a certain moment, a mortar projectile develops a speed of 60 m/s, If

its potential energy at that point is equal to half of its kinetic energy, what is its
height above ground level?
Data
v = 60 m/s

10
Ep = mgh
Ec = 1/2 mv²

mgh = 1/2(1/2mv²)
4gh = v²
v²
h= 4g
60 m/s²
h= 4 × 9.8 m/s²
91.84m

8.32. A 20 kg sled is pushed up a 34° slope to a vertical height

from 140 m. A constant frictional force of 50 N acts over that entire distance.
What external work was required? What was the change in potential energy?

Data
m = 20kg
Σ = 34°
d = 140m
Fr=50N
fx = 0
P?mgsen34?fr=0
P = 20kg(9.8m/s²)sin34 + 50N
P = 159.6 N
140m
x= sin34
250.36m

W = Fd
W = 159.6 N (250.36 m)
W = 39975.91

Ep = mgh
Ep = 20kg (9.8m/s²) (250.36m)
49070.56 J
Difference 39975.91 - 49070.56 = -9094.65

8.33. An average force of 600 N is required to compress a spring a distance

of 4 cm. What is the value of the work done by the spring? What is the change in the
potential energy of the compressed spring?

Data
F=600N

11
d = 4 cm = 0.04 m
Ep=0
W = Fd
W = (600N)(0.04m)
W 24J

Ep = mgh
Ep = 0 ? (24 J)
Ep = 24J

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