0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views4 pagesOuter Front Wheel Yaw Moment in ESP
The document describes the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) system, which uses sensors to measure factors such as lateral acceleration and yaw moment of a vehicle. The ESP acts on the brakes and the engine to correct the trajectory when instability is detected. It explains how the ESP selectively brakes the inner or outer wheels to correct understeer or oversteer. It also describes the different sensors such as the steering angle sensor, acceleration sensor, and brake pressure sensor that provide.
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsCopyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views4 pagesOuter Front Wheel Yaw Moment in ESP
The document describes the Electronic Stability Program (ESP) system, which uses sensors to measure factors such as lateral acceleration and yaw moment of a vehicle. The ESP acts on the brakes and the engine to correct the trajectory when instability is detected. It explains how the ESP selectively brakes the inner or outer wheels to correct understeer or oversteer. It also describes the different sensors such as the steering angle sensor, acceleration sensor, and brake pressure sensor that provide.
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsCopyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
The ESP is an active safety system that depends on certain factors.
measured by various sensors; it acts on the braking system and the torque,
correcting and restoring the stability of the vehicle.
Dynamic functioning factors of the ESP
Transverse acceleration: when taking the curves, the inertia of
the masses create a centrifugal force that acts on
the vehicle. This lateral acceleration can cause
the vehicle's exit from the curve, in case it is
excessive. The magnitude of this depends on the mass of the
vehicle and the lateral acceleration.
Moment of skid: in a curve the forces
transversals act on all the wheels,
being these forces formed by the force
centrifuge and lateral guiding force.
If in a wheel the centrifugal force exceeds the
lateral, they act on the center of gravity of the
vehicle and generate a pair of forces,
causing a couple of turns around the vertical axis
of the vehicle.
Radio of the vertical axis angle: this angle
it represents the speed at which the vehicle rotates
about its vertical axis. In understeering, the
vehicle describes a larger curve radius than
the turning angle of the front wheels; in
a oversteer, the vehicle describes a radius of
curve smaller than the steering angle of the wheels
forwards.
Operation of the ESP
The UCE of the ESP registers signals from: sensor of
steering wheel rotation angle, acceleration sensor,
slip moment sensor and sensors of
wheel. With the information from the mentioned sensors,
the UCE determines the trajectory that the driver
wants to carry out and compare the measurements with the
saved parameters; if the lateral acceleration
and the moment of skid differ greatly
From the stored values, the vehicle would have an unstable behavior and the
The ESP system will come into operation by acting on the brakes and the torque.
Understeer operation: the system acts on the brakes of the
inner wheels. The rear wheel
the interior brakes suddenly what
causes a landslide, which causes a
reduction of lateral guiding force
of the rear axle and centrifugal force
acts by turning the rear part. The wheel
interior front is slowed down with less
force, and the braking force of this
transmits a torque with the power arm
of turn that helps the turn of the part
rear.
The performance on two wheels makes
that the vehicle's trajectory be corrected.
Oversteer operation: the system acts on the brakes of
the outer wheels of the curve. The outer front wheel
subject to a strong braking,
causing the wheel to slide
and produce a lateral force in
the front axle. At the same time it
brake with less force on the
outer rear wheel what
provokes with the power arm
a reduction of the moment of
drift. The braking of both
wheels cause stabilization
of the vehicle and diverting it to the
correct trajectory.
When the ESP system is functioning, the regulations of the ABS overlap, since
that work with larger sliding margins.
ESP system sensors
Steering wheel angle sensor: this sensor has the function of informing of the
position of the steering wheel and the speed at which it is turned.
There are two types of gyroscope sensors:
Optoelectronic steering wheel angle sensor: connected to
at the axis of the direction there is a segment with barriers of
light. The sensor takes two measurements; in the first
the angular variations of the steering wheel are recognized.
second measurement the sensor transmits a specific signal for each
steering wheel position.
With the two measurements, it is possible to know, in addition to the position, the
rotation speed.
Magnetoresistive sensor: the principle of operation
it's the same as in active wheel sensors. The sensor
consists of two magnets, both attached to the axis of the
direction through two gears. The
the demultiplication of both is different and therefore
each position of the steering wheel implies a specific position
among the magnets.
When replacing a steering wheel angle sensor, it is necessary to make an adjustment through
from the diagnosis machine.
Acceleration sensor: its principle of operation is based on
in the variation of capacitance. The sensor is made up of two
plates of equal polarity and between them another plate with opposite polarity
different. When an acceleration or deceleration occurs, the plate
it moves and therefore there will be a difference in charge between both
plates. An electronics converts the variation into a signal e
inform the UCE. It can take measurements of both
longitudinal and transverse accelerations; depending
of his position.
Piezoelectric skid sensor: The operation is based on
in the behavior of a tuning fork. It is a piezoelectric sensor consisting of
two sides; the excitation side that is subjected to an oscillation of 11 kHz with a
alternating current, and a measurement side that has a resonance frequency of
11'33 kHz; that’s why it doesn’t oscillate.
When the sensor twists, it causes a
change in the distribution of loads in the sensor
piezoelectric. The measured signal is transformed
for an electronic and sent to the UCE.
This sensor can be mounted together.
with the acceleration; paying attention to the
mounting position, since a bad mounting
this can cause system failures.
Brake pressure sensor: they can be integrated into the hydraulic unit or in
the brake pump. This sensor informs the ECU of the hydraulic pressure in the
brake circuit.
Two types of sensors are used:
Capacitive pressure sensor: it has the
same operating principle
that the acceleration sensor. The
hydraulic pressure moves a plate
mobile, and when the distance is changed
among the plates also varies the
relationship of charges.
Piezoelectric pressure sensor: this sensor has
a piezoelectric element and a membrane, which
they are subjected to pressure; depending on the pressure
will produce a voltage in the piezoelectric element which
the electronic register and that also sends a signal to
the UCE.
Brake pedal travel sensor: this sensor has two tracks
sliding, one of them divided into seven segments and each of them to the
electric connection. The other track is continuous and is connected to the other terminal of
electric connection. The measurement is made
with a mobile cursor, sliding over the
segmented track thus obtaining a
variation of resistance as a function of
pedal position.