Mathematical Problem Solving Techniques
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Mathematical problems are responsible for the numerous doubts present.
among the students. The big question is to relate the provided information with the
mathematical symbols, suitable for solving problems. The student needs
understand the situation, identifying the most suitable operation for resolution, and
this depends on a secure reading and an interpretative process. Through
examples, we will demonstrate how to conduct this interpretative reading, selecting
the keywords, as well as using the appropriate operations.
Example 1
Carlos bought a television worth R$ 950.00, divided into 10 installments.
equal. When paying the 4th installment, he received as a gift from his grandfather, the remainder of the
Money for the payment of the device. How much did Carlos receive?
The price of the device is R$ 950.00.
Carlos decided to divide the television into 10 equal installments, so we need to make
a division operation: 950: 10 = 95 reais.
Carlos made the payment of 4 installments, therefore, 6 are still missing. They are the
remaining payments that Carlos's grandfather decided to pay. Therefore, 95 * 6 = 570
real.
Carlos received R$ 570.00 from his grandfather.
Example 2
João had an amount, spent 35% and still had R$ 97.50 left. What is the value that
Did João initially have?
When we work with percentages, we always need to remember that the
value corresponds to 100%. Of the 100%, João spent 35%, so: 100% - 35% =
65%.
The remaining 65% corresponds to R$ 97.50. Thus, we have that:
João had the initial amount of R$ 150.00.
Example 3
The price of a refrigerator, when paid in full, is R$ 1,200.00. When paid in three
In the installments, there is an increase of 10% in interest. What will be the value of the installment?
no payment installment?
Note that in the installment payment, the price of the television increases accordingly.
10% interest. Let's calculate 10% of the cash price of the refrigerator:
The refrigerator will undergo an increase of R$ 120.00 R$ 1,200.00 + R$ 120.00 = R$
1320.00
The final price for the financing is R$ 1,320.00, which will be divided into three
installments
1 320 : 3 = 440 reais.
When buying the refrigerator on credit, the value of each installment will be R$440.00.
Example 4
The double of a number added to its triple is equal to the number itself.
added to 168. What is the number?
Since you do not know the number, you should represent it with 'x'.
Good of x = 2 * x = 2x
Triple of x = 3 * x = 3x
2x + 3x = x + 168
2x + 3x - x = 168
4x = 168
x = 168/4
x = 42
The number sought is 42.
How do you use mathematics to solve everyday problems?
One of the clearest examples of how we use mathematics day to day is
when we go shopping (or when the bill arrives). In this simple act
we need to calculate quantities, discounts, values, change and put it into practice
an infinity of mathematical knowledge.
How does mathematics play a part in our lives?
We know that Mathematics is present in everything around us. It is in the
small actions we take in our daily lives, such as, for example, going to the
buy, prepare a recipe, play and play, tell the time on the clock, in
music, etc. Thus, investigating situations is the science of logical reasoning!
EMILIA TEACHER
Problem solving involving integers
Patrícia has R$ 1,200 in her bank account and
performed the following operations:
Withdrew R$ 84.50
Deposited R$ 19.00
Withdrew R$ 566.50
Withdrawn R$ 120.00
What is the final balance?
Response
Withdraw indicates a subtraction and deposit indicates an addition.
So we can set up the account: 1,200 - 84.50 + 19 - 566.50 - 120 = 1219 - 771 = 448
The final balance is R$ 448.
Problem solving involving integers a group of friends is
playing on a board. The table shows the points of the five participants.
Who scored the most points in total?
Who scored the least points in total?
Let's count the points of each person:
Lúcia: 15 - 6 = 9
Marcela: 3 - 7 = -4
19 - 15 = 4
-6
● Júlia: 0 - 18 = - 18
The player who scored the most points was Lúcia.
The player who scored the least points was Júlia.
Emilia teacher
GCD - Greatest Common Divisor
In a clothing factory, blouses of two colors are being produced with the same
amount of fabric for each color. In stock, there is a roll of white fabric with
4.2 m and a roll of blue fabric with 13 m. The fabrics must be cut into strips.
with the same and, greater possible length, without leaving any piece over
rolls. In centimeters, each strip of fabric will have
a) 150 cm.
b) 115 cm.
c) 20 cm.
60 cm.
e) 32 cm.
Correct answer: c) 20 cm
To determine the length of the strips, as they are of the same and greater size
Possible, without leftover fabric on the rolls, we must determine the GCD between 420
cm is 1 300 cm.
Factoring between 420 and 1,300.
Factoring both numbers at the same time, highlighting the common divisors.
both and the multiplying:
No GCD, we only multiply the common divisors.
Therefore, the strips must be 20 cm long so that there is no excess fabric on the rolls.
having the largest possible size.
Gabriel and Osvaldo are bus drivers on different routes. Right at the beginning of
they arranged to have a coffee at the bus station at 6am next time they meet
we will find. It happens that the trip Osvaldo makes is longer and he takes longer.
2 hours to be back at the bus station, while Gabriel is at the bus station every 50.
minutes. Starting at 6 am, friends will be able to have coffee at
6h.
8h.
10h.
12h.
4 PM.
Correct answer: e) 4 PM.
To determine when the two friends will meet again in
bus station, we must find the LCM - Least Common Multiple between 2h, or 120
at least 50 minutes.
Factoring between 120 and 50.
For the LCM, we multiply all the factors.
Thus, they will meet after 600 minutes or 10 hours.
Starting from 6am, they will meet at the bus station at 4pm.
Measure of Length
Last Sunday, Caio went out for a bike ride and decided to go to the house of
your friend José, covering 1.5 km. From there, the two of them pedaled to the house of
Sabrina, who lived in the next block, 3 houses down. The three friends decided
go to the top of the mountain in the city, biking another 4 km. From home, to the top of the mountain,
How many meters did Caio pedal?
5,500 m
b) 5,800 m
c) 5,303 m
d) 5,530 m
8,500 m
Correct answer: b) 5,800 m
First we convert the measurements to meters.
1.5 km = 1,500 m
3 hm = 300 m
4 km = 4,000 m
Volume
A contractor is building a building and has closed a purchase of crushed stone.
necessary material for making concrete. The gravel is delivered in trucks, with
buckets in the shape of parallelepipeds measuring 3 m x 1.5 m x 1 m. The engineers
they calculated a total volume of 261 m³ of gravel to carry out the work. The quantity
of trucks that the contractor had to hire was
81.
b) 64.
c) 36.
d) 48.
58.
Response
The volume of a parallelepiped is calculated by multiplying the measures of the three
dimensions.
The volume of a truck's bucket is:
V = length x width x height
V = 3 x 1.5 x 1 = 4.5 m³
Dividing the total volume calculated for the project, of 261 m³ by the volume of one
container
The company must hire 58 gravel trucks.
Student
Problem solving involving integers
Patrícia has R$ 1,200 in her bank account and
performed the following operations:
Withdrew R$ 84.50
Deposited R$ 19.00
Withdrawn R$ 566.50
Withdrew R$ 120.00
What is the final balance?
Problem solving involving integers A group of friends is
playing on a board. The table shows the points of the five participants.
Who scored the most points in total?
Who scored the fewest points in total?
MDC - Maximum Common Divisor
In a clothing factory, blouses of two colors are being produced with the same
amount of fabric for each color. In stock, there is a roll of white fabric with
4.2 m and a roll of blue fabric with 13 m. The fabrics must be cut into strips.
with the same and, the greatest possible length, without any pieces left over in the
rolls. In centimeters, each strip of fabric will have
150 cm.
b) 115 cm.
c) 20 cm.
d) 60 cm.
e) 32 cm.
Gabriel and Osvaldo are bus drivers on different routes. Right at the beginning of
On the day, at 6 am, they agreed to have coffee at the bus station the next time they meet.
we will find. It happens that the trip that Osvaldo makes is longer and he takes longer.
2 hours to be back at the bus station, while Gabriel is at the bus station every 50.
minutes. Starting at 6am, friends will be able to have coffee at
6h.
8h.
10 am.
12h.
4 PM.
MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH
Last Sunday, Caio went out for a bike ride and decided to go to the house of
your friend José, covering 1.5 km. From there, the two pedaled to the house of
Sabrina, who lived on the block next door, 3 hm later. The three friends decided
go to the top of the mountain in the city, cycling another 4 km. From home to the top of the mountain,
How many meters did Caio bike?
5,500 m
b) 5,800 m
c) 5,303 m
d) 5,530 m
8,500 m
Volume
A contractor is building a building and made a purchase of crushed stone,
necessary material to make concrete. The gravel is delivered by trucks, with
dumpsters in the shape of parallelepipeds of 3 m x 1.5 m x 1 m. The engineers
they calculated a total volume of 261 m³ of gravel to carry out the work. The amount
of trucks that the contractor had to hire was
a) 81.
64.
c) 36.
d) 48.
58.