Gasoline Engine Valve Distribution System
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ScribdTranslationsGasoline Engine Valve Distribution System
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CHAPTER 1
GASOLINE ENGINE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
It is a set of
elements that regulate the
opening y closing of
valves, determine the
entry of the air mass
and the exhaust of gases
cylinder residuals,
after the occurrence of the
explosion.
1.1. Camshaft
or receive the
movement of the
crankshaft through
of a system of
gears.
The speed of the camshaft rotation is half.
of the crankshaft, for every two turns of the crankshaft (cycle
complete) the camshaft makes a single turn.
The camshaft gear has a number of
double teeth than that of the crankshaft.
2. Tackles
Your mission is to increase the surface area of contact.
between the rods or rockers and the cam.
They support the thrust of the cams and overcome it.
resistance of the valve springs.
Hydraulic jacks work in a bath of
lubricating oil of the lubrication system of the
motor.
The hydraulic lifters adjust automatically
to the variations in the length of the stem of the
valves at different temperatures lack
Adjustment, the advantage of this system is its quietness
operation and its great reliability.
1.3. Push Rods
They do not exist in the engines that have a camshaft.
in head (OHC, DOHC).
The rods are mounted between the rockers and the mechanical or hydraulic tappets.
They have the mission of transmitting to the rockers the movement generated by the cams.
By: Lic. Marcelo Angel Mena Farfan
13:03:17
The push rods:
Solid or hollow, in steel or lightweight alloy.
Its dimensions are minimized to the maximum so that they have
a weak inertia and at the same time a good resistance
to the deformations.
The side of the tack is spherical in shape.
The side of the seesaw has a concave shape that allows
receive the adjustment screw.
1.4. Balancing
Those levers that swing around an axis (axis of
rockers), which is located between the valves and the rocker arms (or
well between the valves and the camshaft, in the case of a camshaft in the cylinder head.
The rockers are made of steel and determine the opening and closing of the valves.
They have internal holes where pressurized oil circulates for the lubrication of the rocker arm.
There are two types of seesaws:
Swinging balances
They use OHC - DOHC engines.
The pivot axis passes through one end of the seesaw. It is known as
also as "semi-balance".
It receives the direct movement from the camshaft and transmits it to the
valve stem through its free end.
Tilting balancers
They use overhead valve engines (OHV).
The valves are located in the cylinder head and the axis of rotation passes through the center of the
seesaw.
One of its ends receives the movement from the pushing rod and transmits it to the shaft.
from the valve at the other end.
1.5. Valves, Springs, Plates and Locks
The valves are made of a special steel because
they are exposed to high pressures and temperatures.
the valve is always pushed in the direction of
close by the force of the spring, but when it is applied
the force of the camshaft, the valve will move towards
below inside the valve guide sleeve in the
cylinder head to open the intake port or
escape.
Generally, the intake valve is slightly
larger than the relief valve.
To achieve a good seal between the valve and the seat
from the valve, the angle of the valve face is generally set at 30, 44.5, or 45.5
degrees of inclination.
By: Lic. Marcelo Angel Mena Farfan
13:03:17
The valve spring is used to close the
valve.
Most engines use a spring for
valve, but some engines use two springs
by valve.
To avoid the wave action of the valves when the
the engine is running at high speeds, it
they use springs with uneven pitch or springs
doubles.
1.6. Valve Seats
o They are fixed to
pressure in the
cylinder head.
o When the valve closes, the valve head becomes
in contact with the valve seat to maintain the
hermeticity of the combustion chamber.
o The valve seat also conducts heat from the
valve to the cylinder head, which allows for cooling of
the valve.
o The valve seat is made of a special steel.
which has high resistance to heat and wear because it is
exposed to the heat of the burnt gases and to repeated contacts
with the valve.
1.7. Valve Guides
The guide sleeve of the valve is
generally made of cast iron and
is pressure fitted inside the head of
cylinders.
The valve guide bushing guides the
valve, so that its face makes
contact with the valve seat.
The sliding contact surfaces of the
the rod and the guide sleeve are
lubricated by the engine oil.
To prevent large amounts of oil from the engine from entering the chamber
combustion through the gap between the valve stem and the guide bushing, it
it has a rubber oil seal on the top of the cap of the
valve guide.
1.8. Distribution Controls
1.8.1. By Gears
When the crankshaft and the camshaft are very far apart from each other.
way that it is not possible to join them directly, a can be used
mechanism consisting of a series of gears in a drive
constant among themselves to transmit movement.
By: Lic. Marcelo Angel Mena Farfan
01:03:17 PM
The teeth of the pinions can be straight, they are noisy and
short duration.
The teeth with a helical angle coated in oil in a sump or
distribution covers, they are of longer duration and less noisy.
In the case of two gears, the crankshaft and the camshaft.
they turn in the opposite direction and if there are three, they turn the crankshaft and tree of
you are going in the same direction.
1.8.2. By Silent Chain
It is used when the crankshaft and the camshaft
they are very distant, both are linked
gears through a chain.
So that the chain adjustment is always the
correct, it has a tensor consisting of a
small pinion or a small skate, generally of
fiber, located halfway along the route and connected
to a spring, which maintains the required tension.
In this system, wear and tear is reduced and the
noises when the teeth are not in contact.
1.8.3. By Serrated Belt
The principle is the same as that of chain drive, it only uses a toothed belt.
neoprene that offers the advantage of quieter gear, lighter weight, and a lower cost.
reduced, which makes its replacement more economical.
It is the most widely used system currently, although the life of the timing belt is much shorter.
than that of the other systems. If this were to break, the engine would suffer serious consequences.
These pinions are located outside the engine, so it is a system that does not require lubrication.
but yes the verification of the status and
tension of the belt.
By: Lic. Marcelo Angel Mena Farfan
1:03:17 PM
1.8.4. VVT-i (variable valve timing intelligent system)
Generally, the distribution of
valves is fixed, but the system
VVT-I uses hydraulic pressure
to change the rotation of the tree
of intake lifts and vary the
distribution of valves.
This makes it possible to increase the
power, improve effectiveness of
flammable y reduce the
emissions.
As indicated in the
illustration, this system is
designed to control the
distribution of valves
changing the rotation of the tree
admission leads between some
limits of approximately 40º
regarding the angle of
crankshaft to obtain a
optimal valve distribution
for the engine conditions in
based on the signals coming from
the sensors.
By: Lic. Marcelo Angel Mena Farfan
13:03:17
DAILY EVALUATION
Names:
- -
- -
1. Indicate the operation, the type of control, and the parts of the distribution systems of the
motor
2. Explain the parts and the functioning of the components of the distribution system.