BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA

MINISTRY OF PEOPLE'S POWER FOR DEFENSE

NATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY
OF THE BOLIVARIAN NATIONAL ARMED FORCES
UNEFA LARA

ASCENT TO CHIMBORAZO, DELIRIUM ABOUT IT

CHIMBORAZO. BATTLE OF BOYACÁ;
BATALLAS: (BÁRBULA ARAURE, LA VICTORIA,
SAN MATEO, THE DOOR, CARABOBO
EMIGRATION TO THE EAST THE CAMPAIGN
ADMIRED, TITLE OF LIBERATOR.
(Summary)

Member:
Maria Duque ID: 24.614.129

FEBRUARY, 2021

ASCENT TO CHIMBORAZO
 In January 1823, the troops under Bolívar's command take the Southern route to Guayaquil,
traveling through the ancient indigenous towns of Latacunga and Ambato, a highly productive region
in agriculture, thanks to the Chimborazo volcano, whose ashes fertilize the fields like a
blessing for the locals.
During the journey, Bolívar had traveled the Orinoco and the Amazon sources; upon
climbing Chimborazo, he felt such a great admiration that it made him forget everything else, to the
less for an instant. One can notice Bolívar captivating with the splendor of it, Bolívar
is attracted by the magnificence of that volcanic mass with its perpetual snows that rises to 6,130.
m, and that was narrated to him by his friend Alexander von Humboldt when he climbed the
volcano in 1802… Bolívar, as an admirer of all that is sublime and natural, is attracted by the
the enchantment of Chimborazo, and it is there that what he calls 'delirium' begins. He names in his
poem to Alexander von Humboldt (who could not reach the summit due to the discomfort that arose
feels in the heights due to the thinning of the air) and Charles Marie de La Condamine, the first
military by profession and the second with a focus on humanism, both in common being geographers
naturalists.

Delirium about El Chimborazo.

It is considered as a poem; the only poem, properly speaking, coming from the hands of
Simón Bolívar. It is a literary writing, not only for its theme related to the ideological crisis that he experienced.

author after Carabobo, but also for his lyrical creation, which sings in the first part
the ascent of Chimborazo. In the second part, it becomes more dramatic because it provides a
solution filled with symbols, to the terrible and fearful drama mentioned. This poem, moreover, is one of

the representative pieces of our first Romanticism and, it is also the first poem in
prose with which our letters are counted. With My Delirium on Chimborazo, Bolívar entered into all
the anthologies; moreover, it is a poem inspired by the life and work of the author himself; in
definitively, it is the only poem known from the Liberator.
I was wrapped in the cloak of Iris, from where the mighty Orinoco pays its tribute to
God of the waters. I had visited the enchanted Amazonian springs, and I wanted to ascend to the high point of the

Universe. I searched for the traces of La Condamine and Humboldt; I followed them boldly, nothing stopped me;

I arrived in the glacial region, the ether stifled my breath. No human plant had trodden the
diamond crown that placed the hands of Eternity upon the exalted temples of
dominant of the Andes. I said to myself: this mantle of Iris that has served me as a banner, has
journey in my hands over infernal regions, has crossed rivers and seas, has risen over
the gigantic shoulders of the Andes; the earth has flattened at the feet of Colombia, and the tempo
it has not been able to stop the march of freedom. Belona has been humiliated by the brilliance of Iris,
And I won't be able to climb over the gray hairs of the giant of Laterra? Yes, I will be able to!

And seized by the violence of a spirit unknown to me, which seemed divine to me,
I left behind the footprints of Humboldt, clouding the eternal crystals that surround Chimborazo.
I arrive as if propelled by the genius that encouraged me, and I faint upon touching my head to the cup.
from the firmament: I had the thresholds of the abyss at my feet.

A feverish delirium envelops my mind; I feel as if ignited by a strange fire and

superior. He was the God of Colombia who possessed me.

Suddenly time presents itself to me under the venerable guise of an old man laden with
the spoils of the ages: frowning, bent, bald, curly-faced, a sickle in hand...
I am the father of the ages, I am the arcane of fame and secrecy, my mother was the
Eternity; the limits of my empire are marked by the Infinite; there is no tomb for me, because I am more
powerful than Death; I look at the past, I look at the future, and through my hands passes the present. Why
What do you pride yourself on, boy or old man, man or hero? Do you think it's something your Universe? That you rise up

About an atom of creation, is it to elevate you? Do you think that the moments you call centuries can
to serve as a measure to my secrets? Do you imagine that you have seen the Holy Truth? Do you suppose

What makes you think your actions have any value in my eyes? Everything is less than a point in the
presence of the Infinite that is my brother.
Overcome by a sacred terror, "how, oh Time! -I responded- shall it not fade away?
the miserable mortal who has risen so high? I have surpassed all men in fortune, because I have
elevated above the head of all. I dominate the earth with my plants; I reach the Eternal with my
hands; I feel the hellish prisons boiling beneath my steps; I am looking beside me rolling
astros, the infinite suns; I measure without astonishment the space that contains matter, and in your face I read the

History of the past and the thoughts of Destiny." "Observe -he said to me-, learn, keep in
your mind what you have seen, draws in the eyes of your peers the picture of the Universofsico, of
Moral universe; do not hide the secrets that heaven has revealed to you: tell the truth to men.
The ghost disappeared.
Astonished, motionless, so to speak, I lay there breathless for a long time, stretched out on that immense

diamond that served as my bed. Finally, the tremendous voice of Colombia shouts at me; I revive, I
I incorporate, I open with my own hands the heavy eyelids: I am a man again, and I write my
delirium.

BATTLE OF BOYACÁ

The Battle of Boyacá was the military confrontation of the independence war of America
from the South that ensured the success of the liberating campaign in New Granada. On Saturday, August 7

In the morning, the royalist army from Motavita began its movement towards Santafé.
Bogotá. Their objective was to reach the capital to unite their forces with those of the viceroy Sámano and

organize a military front against Bolívar and the liberating army. They chose the route through the bridge of
Boyacá on the Royal Road, heading towards the capital of the viceroyalty. Notified of this movement,
Bolívar ordered the march of his army, also towards the Boyacá bridge, ready to take it.
to prevent Barreiro from moving towards the neo-Grenadine capital. The two forces
found in the Boyacá field.
The liberating army was made up of 2,850 fighters under the command of the
Generals Simón Bolívar, Francisco de Paula Santander, and José Antonio Anzoátegui. The general
Carlos Soublete was the chief of staff. The patriot troops were made up of
Granadans, Venezuelans, and some foreign groups, such as the British Legion. Its members
They were creoles, mestizos, mulattos, zambos, blacks, and indigenous people. For its part, the royalist army

was entirely composed of American troops, about 2,670 soldiers, of which 2,300
They were infantry, 350 cavalry and 20 artillery. Their commander was Brigadier José María.
Barreiro; the chief of staff, Colonel Sebastián Díaz, and the vanguard was under the command of
Colonel Francisco Jiménez.
The battle ended at 4 PM on August 7, 1819. Barely more than died
100 realists, among them Colonel Juan Tolrá and Commander Salazar, and 150 were injured and
1600 prisoners. Of the patriots, 13 soldiers died, and 53 were injured. The Battle of
Boyacá was a decisive blow to Spanish power in New Granada. The capital of the Viceroyalty
fell into the hands of the Venezuelan-Neogranadine patriots and with it the way was opened for the
union of New Granada with Venezuela in the Republic of Colombia.
 OTHER BATTLES

Battle of the Bárbula

It was an armed confrontation that took place on September 30, 181323, which had as
protagonists, on one side, the Venezuelan troops and the New Granadan forces commanded by
Rafael Urdaneta and Atanasio Girardot on one side, and the royalist army, led by Domingo, on the other.

Monteverde, reinforced by components of the Grenadier Regiment, arrived from Spain to

command of Colonel Miguel Salomón. It took place on September 30, 1813, on the left side
from the hill of the Bárbula estate, on the outskirts of Naguanagua, in the current Carabobo State
The resulting triumph for the Colombian-Venezuelan allied army influenced
decisively paving the way for the establishment of the Second Republic of
Venezuela.
Simón Bolívar ordered to besiege Puerto Cabello, putting the royalist garrison there in trouble.
outstanding. The situation changed favorably for those mentioned when reinforcements arrived.

commanded by Colonel Miguel Salomón, which is why Bolívar ordered the withdrawal of the army
patriot towards the people of Naguanagua.
Seeing that the rebel troops were fleeing, Monteverde mobilized his forces to position themselves.

at the site of Las Trincheras and sent a vanguard to take possession of the estate 'Bárbula'.
Bolívar then decides to send into battle the troops of Atanasio Girardot, Rafael Urdaneta, and the
Mayor José Luciano D'Elhuyar y Batsta 6, who finally managed to evict the advance.
realist.
For the independent forces, this battle represented a high cost, as in
she found death Colonel Atanasio Girardot, who was hit by the bullet of a rifle
when I was trying to set the Carthaginian flag on top of the hill, which had already been taken.

Battle of Araure
On December 5, 1813, Bolívar won in Araure. Venezuela in 1813 was
under the control of the patriots, except for Guyana and Maracaibo, being this battle of
It is important to prevent the patriots from advancing with their control towards the great Valencia.
Bolívar in this meeting defeats José Ceballos, a gathering that took place in a town.
called white water. Battle that began at dawn and lasted approximately 6 hours.
 In general, we can highlight the great pace that was achieved in Araure,
Apart from that, Bolívar was victorious with 200 prisoners, four flags, and numerous pieces of artillery.

Artillery, more than 500 mounted soldiers of Ganez perished impaled.

Battle of the Victory
It is worth noting before starting the brief review of the Battle of Victoria that under the
debut that was manifested by the constituent assembly on February 10, 1947
anniversary of this battle as the day of Youth important protagonists of this
great victory.
Battle of the Victory, another great battle of the War of Independence, just like the battle of
Araure. Unlike the previous battle, this battle was led by the royalist forces to
under the command of José Tomas Bores, they tried to take the City of Victoria. Venezuela and the
patriot forces were led by General José Félix Ribas, battle that took place on the 12th of
February 1814.
This battle was armed by a thousand students from the schools and seminaries of the city, Ribas.
I emphasize a few words, we can choose between winning or dying, claiming that it is necessary
Victory! It began at 7 in the morning and lasted all day in the streets of that city.

Battle of San Mateo

The pride of Boves, defeated by José Felix Ribas in La Victoria (Battle of La Victoria, 12)
February 1814) made the Asturian launch with renewed vigor against the patriots in
San Mateo. These were the properties of the Liberator, and there he had one of his most important

properties. His childhood had taken place a good stretch, amidst those fields made
for contemplation and pleasant solace.
On February 25, 1814, Boves occupied the town of Cagua with more than eight thousand.
soldiers, almost all on horseback. Bolívar ordered to entrench the road to La Victoria, to prevent
the advance of the realist chief towards Caracas. For his part, Mariano Montlla resists the momentum of

Boves. This, hosted, retreats towards the heights of Punta del Monte. In front of this hill are the
heights of Calvario and those of Bolívar's Ingenio.
At dawn on the 28th, the royalists descend from Punta del Monte and attack with all their fury.
the lines defended by Bolívar and Lino de Clemente. After several hours of fighting, Boves seems
uncontrollable. The Liberator sends the brave Villapol to reinforce the Calvary, which served to ensure that the
realists will abandon the attack on the positions held by Bolívar; but unfortunately
Villapol was fatally wounded. Vicente Campo-Elías, who was coming with Bolívar from Mérida,
he also fell almost instantly and died a few days later.
A son of Villapol, still a teenager, upon learning of his father's death, took the position that
he had left this, not caring about the wounds he had received. He swelled with heroism, with that
heroism that is infectious, and when everything seemed lost, the boy managed to halt the advance of
Boves, who upon being injured ordered the retreat of his troops, after ten hours of fierce
combat. The young Villapol, almost bled out, fell to the ground unconscious, but he had triumphed.
Bolívar emerged victorious in San Mateo, while Boves moved away a bit to heal.
his wounds. 213 casualties, including dead and wounded, were totaled by the patriots. The royalists lost, by
its part, between 800 and 1000 men; so much so that the streets of San Mateo are

Battle of the Door

It was a meeting between the troops of Vicente Campo Elías and José Tomás Boves who
It was heading towards the center of Venezuela in order to reach Caracas passing through the valleys of Aragua.

The realists, mostly cavalry, defeated Campo Elías's troops and charge against the
city of La Victoria.
The site of the Gate is the place where the Guárico River cuts transversely through a relief that
part of the Interior mountain range through a brief gorge that opens up from
That place towards the Venezuelan plains to the south of the battlefield. This event was what
determined the victory of the llaneros (mostly creoles and mixed-race) of Boves, whose cavalry was
much more important and came from open fields so they were able to corner the army of
Campo Elías, for not allowing him to leave freely to confront the royalist army.
The second battle of the Gate that occurred on June 15, 1814, marked the end of the Second
Republic of Venezuela. The entire Bolivarian army is annihilated and only Bolívar and two
ordinances manage to flee leaving the battlefield, on the way to Caracas, before
conclude the fight.

Battle of Carabobo
The Battle of Carabobo was the main military conflict that consolidated Independence.
Venezuela. This occurred on June 24, 1821 and represented the definitive liberation of the territory.
Venezuelan of Spanish dominance. Therefore, it is a symbol of that country's struggle for its
independence.
 On June 24, 1821, in the plains of Carabobo, the two sides faced each other. Bolívar
The leadership of the divisions is entrusted to Páez, Cedeño, and Plaza. Mariño is the chief of staff. Pedro
Briceño Méndez is responsible for logistics.
The llaneros of Páez march under enemy fire through the Pica de la Mona. They were
gorges that in certain places do not allow more than one at the bottom. The divisions start to
fulfill the enveloping action before the astonishment of La Torre who did not appreciate the importance of

attack from the right. So you have to violently displace the Burgos, which, with a fire
Nourished and powerful, it pushes back the Bravos of Apure. But soon the Battalion intervenes.
British that allows Bravos de Apure to recover.
When the Queen's battalion advances, the situation of the royalists has already worsened.
Well, Cedeño has penetrated the plain and a company of the Sharpshooters was acting in support of him.

There comes a moment when La Torre manages to align four battalions against the republican advance, but

The royalist detachments prove powerless to resist the violence.

Men of the stature of Plaza, Cedeño, José fall fighting before the walls of fire.
Julián Mellado, Lieutenant Pedro Camejo, Scot, Bruno. All of them were nothing more than an expression of

a collective and nameless virtue that offered freedom that day.

The Tower watches defeat approaching, and some bodies of the King's Lancers, instead of
when commanded to join the fight, they flee randomly. The royalist army in Carabobo, according to
Information from Córdoba, had losses, including dead, missing, and prisoners, as follows: 2
chiefs, 43 captains, 77 subalterns, and 2,785 troops. The losses of the patriots were not
they counted, but there should have been around 200 dead and wounded, as Bolívar points out in his
communication to the President of the Congress.

EMIGRATION TO THE EAST

The defeat suffered by the independence army against the forces, including that of the gate.
On April 15, 1814, a large part of the city of Caracas was taken by the forces of José.
Tomas Boves, after the defeat inflicted that same year by General Simón Bolívar, believed that
could face the realistic challenges within the capital's precinct, beginning the struggles to
a more or less long resistance, with the purpose of requesting the opinion of the boards of arbitration and
of war, created on June 17 and 23, then, organizations whose bases were formed by people with
experience, but they expanded tumultuously with the spontaneous presence of the
called parents, that is, the most motivated from Caracas, who usually imposed
his opinion in all decisions.
On the morning of July 7, the bulk of the emigration left, totaling around 20,000.
people, Bolívar and the remaining troops of about 1200 men were in the rear guard
protecting civilians. The Caracas emigrants took the road that leads to Barcelona by
the mountain of Copaya, it was supposed that Bolívar arrives on July 27 in Barcelona. Although a great

number of people followed Bolívar in the great journey, others sought refuge in the heights,
while a third party renounced the march, they returned to Caracas to put themselves under the protection of

Archbishop Coll and Part.

THE ADMIRABLE CAMPAIGN

The military action led by the brigadier is known as the 'Admirable Campaign'.
Simón Bolívar began from San José de Cúcuta on May 14, 1813, with the purpose of
to liberate Venezuela from Spanish rule, after the loss of the First Republic. It had
Bolívar with a force of 800 men, organized into 2 columns or divisions: the vanguard,
under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Atanasio Girardot, with the support of Major Luciano D' Elhuyar
as deputy commander; while the rear guard was in charge of Colonel José Félix
Ribas as commander, José Tejada chief of artillery and Major Rafael Urdaneta as major
general. Likewise, in substitution of Colonel Manuel del Castillo y Rada, a new one had been appointed.

second-in-command of the Army Brigadier Joaquín Ricaurte, who nevertheless did not accompany the
I begin with Bolívar in the campaign; joining the following year. Pedro Briceño Méndez was the
General secretary and as escorts, Juan José Pulido, Fermín Ribón, and José were appointed.
Juice.
Bolívar's initial plan for the execution of this campaign consists of the deployment
about the Venezuelan territory of an offensive in 2 directions: one column led by Ribas
I had to continue through San Cristóbal-Selva de San Camilo-Barinas and after liberating this province I
I would meet with the bulk of the troops in Guanare or Araure; this column also had the mission
to obtain in the province of Barinas, cattle and money for the patriotic forces.
On July 29, Bolívar was informed of Colonel Izquierdo's presence in Tinaquillo.
immediately set out for that place. On the morning of July 31,
encountered the enemy vanguard on the Pegones savanna. In this situation, Izquierdo
he executed a retrograde movement and withdrew to the Taguanes plain. Towards this place he headed.
Bolívar launched his attack with his infantry at the front and the cavalry on the right wing, with which he made a

overflow of the left flank realist. In a desperate maneuver seeking

to neutralize the attack of Bolívar's forces, Izquierdo began the retreat, but during the
the execution of it was defeated by the republicans.
The victory of Taguanes cleared the way for Bolívar's advance towards Valencia, as Monteverde
he had retreated from Puerto Cabello upon learning in the savannah of Carabobo about the failure of

Left. On August 2, Brigadier Bolívar entered Valencia, while Colonel Ribas had
stayed in San Carlos as commander of that post. Days later, Bolívar continued towards
Caracas, being on the 4th in La Victoria, where he accepted the surrender proposed to him by the
Spanish government. Finally, on August 6, 1813, the small one entered Caracas triumphantly.
army commanded by Brigadier Simón Bolívar; had successfully completed the Campaign
Admirable and the glory has begun for Bolívar.

TITLE OF LIBERATOR.

In August, he enters Caracas as a victorious General and head of the new political situation.
He is already the Captain General of the Armies of New Granada and Venezuela. The Municipality grants him the

title of Liberator in October of that year and the position of Captain General, equivalent to General
in Chief.
During 1814, Bolívar faces a year of terrible trials and immense difficulties that make him
finally abandon Caracas and emigrate to the East of the country, followed by a large part of
the population. That heroic and unfortunate attempt concludes when Bolívar leaves Carúpano almost
only for Cartagena, leaving some scattered and poorly arranged forces that do not have hope of
Victoria.
With the relics of the army that Urdaneta has managed to bring to New Granada, the
Liberator fights again under the orders of the New Granadian Government. In eight months of activity
without respite releases Bogotá, descends through the Magdalena and arrives in Cartagena where they deny the help that

ask to march for the liberation of Venezuela. Rivalries and jealousy hinder action.