ANDES UNIVERSITY OF CUSCO

IMPACT OF SPASTIAL CONDITIONS AND HEALTH

FROM THE CASCAPARO MARKET, CUSCO 2019

Research Methodology

TEACHER: CRAYLA ALFARO AUCCA

STUDENTS:
CARRASCO CANCAPA FABRICIO
ESPINOZA JUSTINIANI JOAQUIN
Ponce de Leon Caller Sharon
Matias Quispe Delgado
UNCLE APAZA ALMOND

GROUP:4A
4TOSEMESTER
CUSCO- PERU
2019
 DEDICATION
To God for being our faithful friend
To our families who provided us support
To Paolo Guerrero for lifting our spirits and bringing us so much joy
Finally, to papi Vizcarra for dissolving the congress, thank you all very much.
We love a lot.
 THANKS
We thank our teachers for instructing us to research.
And to inquire and generate in us a feeling of curiosity.
Finally, we thank God for granting us wisdom and more.
Chapter I.

IMPACT OF SPATIAL CONDITIONS AND HEALTH

Cascaparo Market, Cusco 2019

Statement of the problem (Problem identification)

Description of the problem (description of the issue, temporal location and

geographical of the study

The conditions that the Cascaparo market currently has are not favorable.
satisfaction of the population, since there is a lack of sanitation and spatial conditions,

cleanliness, structure, also the lack of arrival of the garbage compactor truck
and also a solid waste container. This problem also affects
the visitors who remain unhappy with the comfort that is offered,
Outdoor environments are the most affected as a smell is generated.
unpleasant and a bad feeling.
The problem lies in the poor management of the Cascaparo market, it presents
spatial and health problems, the location of the market is in the
department of Cusco, Province of Cusco and district of Cusco, Street
Cascaparo Chico.
In a not too distant future, the expectations of the impact problem of the
spatial and sanitary conditions of the Cascaparo market will be
unpleasant and destructive for the context and for the population in general.
To do this, we must take extreme measures to solve this problem.
as; weighing a renovation, raising awareness among the people who are part of
this market for the proper use of a waste container, maintaining it
the streets surrounding it so that they do not cause much damage.

1.2 Interrogative formulation of the problem

1.2.1 Interrogative formulation of the general problem

What are the factors for which the spatial and health conditions of
How does the Cascaparo market affect the population?

1.2.2 Interrogative formulation of the specific problem

Is there any solution to improve the spatial conditions?

Is there a solution to improve health conditions?

1.2 Justification and Importance of the Research

1.2.1 Technical Justification

The study and analysis that we could observe in this project regarding spatiality,
functionality, its form, context, and also its distribution is that the conditions in the
that this is of regular to poor quality as it lacks porosity, permeability,
so that smells and excess heat can escape, a completely loaded environment
where the user population would not enjoy a good experience and what to say about their
surroundings of this that have strong odors due to excess leachate, leaking out
completely within the architectural scope.

1.2.2 Social Justification

The study of this issue of spatiality and health in the Cascaparo market is
really concerning since the user population does not have enough comforts
for the purchase of these products for many reasons; the distrust that they
provides the environment, the number of street vendors we can observe, total chaos of
the garbage, presence of leachate around the market where it is also carried out
sale of products and due to poor distribution, all this generates problems and
discomfort to the user population which we want to provide a solution to
1.2.3. Justification for feasibility (feasibility of conducting the study)

The research project will help provide a proper diagnosis.

based on, governed by compelling evidence regarding the conditions
 spatial and health aspects in which the different types of market users
Cascaparo face each other in the year 2019.

Importance of project

The research project is of utmost importance as it will help to provide

alternatives to solve the existing problems of spatiality and health in the
Cascaparo market in 2019, to achieve comfort and well-being for the users
that meet and inhabit said establishment.

1.3 Limitations of the research (the environment in which it is confined

research, the variables can be taken into consideration
The land plans cannot be obtained due to time constraints and lack of...
by the municipality's facilities.

1.4 Research Objectives

1.4.1 General Objective

Propose a plan that improves the spatial and health conditions of the market
Cascaparo

1.4.2 Specific Objectives

Determine the spatial and health factors that are found in the
Cascaparo market.
Finding solutions for the spatial and sanitary issues of the market.
Cascaparo
CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 BACKGROUND

2.1.1 INTERNATIONAL BACKGROUND

Informal markets are also involved in this health issue.

public, due to inadequate intervention, markets do not meet conditions of
sanitation

In light of the lack of interest from local governments in improving conditions regarding
healthiness offered in the markets. As a result, he mentioned that many of them
They do not have the adequate infrastructure, which prevents the entry of agents.
pollutants; likewise that they do not have access to directed water supply for
each point of sale or business venture.

According to Supreme Decree 007 Food Safety Law, the responsibility of

carry out the monitoring and enforcement of these regulations affects the municipalities,
who to date have not implemented policies for their improvement.

The markets do not provide the necessary guarantees of protection for them to be able to
expand the foods, where there is also a lack of trained handlers to
the management of waste," he added.

Regarding the good distribution of spaces for food sales, he assured that it is
a priority that has not yet been surpassed despite having coordination
with the authorities of the municipal sector.

According to the preliminary diagnosis, there is a possibility that in the markets it may be possible to

selling contaminated food, especially those that are stored.

2.1.2 NATIONAL BACKGROUND

The typology of markets in the national environment is affected over time. Due to
factors such as waste, disorganization, urban growth, and mismanagement of
Authorities, this problem has grown considerably, but even since its beginning, as
It is located in the historic center, there were also other markets nearby, the
the most representative was one located in Plaza Francia called El Baratillo, in Rímac,
where meats and vegetables were sold, in addition to various low-quality utensils.
There was also a 3rd market in a garden, called the Garden of Aurora, that the
owners rented the property to the municipality. We are situated like this in 19th century Lima.
19 with the markets and their beginnings.

2.1.3 LOCAL BACKGROUND

At the local level, we can mention many markets located throughout the region.
In the province of Cusco, we can see that there is disorder at the local level.

We can take the central market as an example. Disorder prevails outside and
interior of the Central Market of San Pedro, in the province of Cusco.

It should be noted that all kinds of vendors gather outside creating a

chaos for vehicle and pedestrian traffic.

The paths and sidewalks are occupied, causing discomfort to the neighbors who come to the
market center.

According to Últimas Noticias de Pacasmayo, in front of the market, on Ancash street,

Every day a truck loaded with fruits arrives. It enters the block against the traffic.
with the support of a municipal server that makes space and helps the unit to
to park.

Although the seller's offer is favorable for the buyers' interest, this does not
justify that the municipal regulations prohibiting street vending are transgressed
outside the market.

2.2 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The spatial and sanitary conditions in the typology of markets should not be a
problem, not to mention for the progress and development of the country.

With the obligation to fulfill the project, which is the Central Market of Cascaparo,
he considered taking into account some concepts, to later present the different
definitions, such as Wholesale Market, and all terms, ideas, and health
spatial conditions that refer to it. In this way, we present the following
concepts:

architecture is the fundamental point for a correct reading and interpretation of the
city, with urbanism being the study of it. Architect Aldo Rossi presents the following 2
Foundations: 1st. Seeks to revalue the cities by looking into the collective memory of
its citizens, historical elements to create monuments and a unique value to each
city. 2nd. Also look for the existence of architecture as an activity with the
What the experience, its study can be taught through a theory of the
architecture.

We now fully enter the problem of market failures. Instead of talking

From the market failures in general, I will refer to those in the healthcare sector, and I will focus on
in seven positive type failures and in two normative type failures. The positive type failures are:
the uncertainty, which equates to lack of information, asymmetric information (the
the doctor knows, the patient does not), the externalities, the public goods, the insufficiency of
1 Doctor in Economic Sciences from the University of Barcelona,
Vice President of the Spanish Association of Health Economics. Individual, the
increasing returns and incomplete markets. Equity and guardian goods the
I consider regulatory failures in the sense that they depend on opinions, on judgments of
value. I will begin with the last ones, which I will not discuss in detail. Why do we say
that equity can constitute a normative failure? Because the market paradigm
will guarantee efficiency, but in no case equity. Equity, which is fundamentally
What society thinks of justice changes over time, varies in different
societies and is expressed more or less imperfectly in political elections, and
the market will never guarantee that. Guardian goods (in economic jargon)
we talk about protective, preferential or merit goods) are those goods or services that,
In the opinion of those in power, it is important for the country that its consumption should be
protected, and the best way to protect the consumption of a good is to make it independent.
of individual purchasing power; therefore, we must publicly finance them
through taxes and mandatory contributions. Since World War II,
health services have been protective goods in many countries, since the moment in
that a series of social rights were incorporated into the constitutions and the
means to make them effective. Regarding incomplete markets, it is about a
more technical concept: there may be people willing to pay and, instead, not exist
market for certain types of insurance. Increasing returns are discussed when there are
Economies of scale. These can justify natural monopolies. In healthcare.
we can find natural monopolies in low-density geographical areas, where
It may not make sense for there to be more than one provider. The insufficiency of rationality.
individual refers to the fact that, even being perfectly Cartesian, we can carry out
actions that are not good for us or for the community. In life there are
situations of the type of the 'prisoner's dilemma', where even being very rational,
We made a mistake. I wish to refer in more detail to the first 4 failures, which are
really the most important. To analyze them, I will use the same scheme: what is the
failure, what has been the institutional response of countries to it and what are the effects
secondary to this response. This scheme makes sense not only economically but also
history. We now dive fully into the problem of market failures. Instead
Instead of talking about market failures in general, I will refer to those in the healthcare sector, and I
I will focus on seven positive type failures and two normative type failures. The failures of type
Positive are: the uncertainty, which is equivalent to lack of information, the information
asymmetric (the doctor knows, the patient does not), externalities, public goods, the
insufficiency of rationality 1 Doctor in economic sciences from the University of
Barcelona, vice president of the Spanish Association of Health Economics.
individual, increasing returns and incomplete markets. Equity and the
I consider protective goods to be normative failures in the sense that they depend on
opinions, of value judgments. I will start with the latter which I will not address in
detail. Why do we say that equity can constitute a normative failure? Because the
market paradigm will ensure efficiency, but in no case equity. The
equity, which is essentially what society thinks of justice, changes over time,
varies in different societies and is expressed in a more or less imperfect manner in the
political elections, and the market will never guarantee that. Guardianship goods (in the
economic jargon we talk about tutelary, preferred, or merit goods) are those
goods or services that, in the opinion of the sender, are important for the country that
its consumption must be protected, and the best way to protect the consumption of a good is
make it not depend on individual purchasing power; therefore, we must
publicly finance them through taxes and mandatory contributions. Starting from the
World War II, health services have been protective goods in many
countries, from the moment they were incorporated into the constitutions a series of
social rights were assigned the means to make them effective. Regarding the
incomplete markets, it is a more technical concept: there may be people willing
to pay and, on the contrary, there is no market for certain types of insurance. It is said that

increasing returns when there are economies of scale. These can justify the
natural monopolies. In healthcare, we can find natural monopolies in areas
low density geographical areas, where it may not make sense to have more than one
provider. The insufficiency of individual rationality refers to the fact that, even being
perfectly Cartesian, we can carry out actions that are not good for
us neither for the community. In life, there are situations of the type of the 'dilemma of the
prisionero”, en lasque, aun siendo muy racionales, nos equivocamos. Deseo referirme
with more details on the first 4 failures, which are really the most important. For
I will analyze them using the same scheme: what is the failure, what has been the response.
institutional responses of countries to it and what are the side effects of this response.
This scheme makes sense not only economically but also historically.

2.3 HYPOTHESIS

The spatial conditions and hygiene of the market affect the population as well.
in environmental conditions as well as in health conditions, being these the evil
management of solid waste, excess leachate around and inside
from the market, the poor urban location of the market, the presence and activity
of informal vendors, in the surrounding areas of the commercial zone, the bad
distribution of spaces within the market, making the task more complex
of market maintenance.
A rethinking, both in the labor spaces of the market, as well as in the
circulation and access spaces to it, in the case of an unfeasible remodeling.
It would improve the spatial, urban, and transit conditions of the area.
the commercial in question.

It is possible to increase health standards regarding the

current situation.

2.4 DEFINITION OF VARIABLES

2.4.1 INDEPENDENT VARIABLES

2.4.2 DEPENDENT VARIABLES

2.4.3 TABLE OF VARIABLE ORGANIZATION