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Understanding Research Operational Framework

The operational framework describes the steps to carry out the research, including the formulation of the hypothesis, identification of information sources, selection of data collection techniques, fieldwork, and processing of information. It is essential for properly executing the methodological framework and making informed decisions.

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23 views7 pages

Understanding Research Operational Framework

The operational framework describes the steps to carry out the research, including the formulation of the hypothesis, identification of information sources, selection of data collection techniques, fieldwork, and processing of information. It is essential for properly executing the methodological framework and making informed decisions.

Translated by

ScribdTranslations
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OPERATING FRAMEWORK

The operational framework aims to plan the actions that need to be taken.
execute to carry out the investigation. The steps to be taken must be anticipated.
to carry out the following actions:
Formulation of the hypothesis.

Locate the sources of information.

Select data colection techniques.

Carry out fieldwork.

Process the information.

The importance of the operational framework lies in the need to execute


adequately provided for in the methodological framework. In systems theory, this
Marco corresponds to operations research, which aims to help.
to make decisions, in order to follow the appropriate course of action among several options
possible. To execute the data collection techniques, it is necessary to identify
data source and the processes that will be carried out to obtain them.
It is the stage in which the research comes to life as all the
guidelines to carry it out in a scientific manner.

1. Formulation of the Hypothesis


Before formulating a hypothesis, it is
It is important to explain what this term consists of. A hypothesis is a proposition.
acceptable that has been formulated through the collection of information and data.
Arise from: Analysis of the theory, relevant practical generalizations to our
research problem, reviewed studies or consulted background. All of this
They are the guides of an investigation. They have a descriptive and explanatory function.
They test theories. They suggest theories.

2. Sources of Information
Therearedirect,indirect,bibliographic,andelectronicsources.

2.1. Direct Sources

Direct sources are the elements of the population.


that provide the required information. Basically, it is the observation; this is
possible, when it refers to behaviors that can be directly detected by the
observer. Aristotle, in contrast to Plato's world of ideas, made
emphasis on this technique, in order to balance the claims of empiricism
(observation and sensory experience) and formalism (rational deduction).

2.1.1. Participant Observation


This type of technique is commonly used in Social Anthropology. Because this class
Research is basically qualitative. Language is recorded as it is expressed.
the people. (Colloquial).
2.1.2. Systematic Observation

This technique is used to make diagnoses and classifications, based on


existing taxonomies and typologies. This requires that they are previously
encoded all possible situations that would be observed. For studies
standardizing them is essential. This implies that
any observer has such precise instructions that they can do so without
individual differences of the observed influence.

2.2. Indirect Sources


They are those in which the interviewer collects information through questionnaires.
trusting the information received in an interview with the surveyed person.
Padua distinguishes the following types: standardized interviews, non-standardized
and semi-standardized.
2.2.1. Standardized Interviews
These interviews use a questionnaire with uniform instructions, which the
The interviewer reads to the interviewee and closed questions, that is, with alternatives.
response that must be selected. In this type of interviews, they are not allowed.
clarifications or extra instructions to those that are. One of the great advantages that
it can be applied to large groups, saving time. But
They must be well elaborated and adapted to the interviewee's language.
[Link] Interviews
They do not contain closed answers and have some flexibility in the responses. They
they use questionnaires that some call unstructured response or
open question. They have the advantage that there can be different ways of
intervention or interpretation by different interviewers.
2.2.3. Semi-Structured Interviews
They have closed questions, but allow for explanations or clarifications from the other party.
of the interviewee. They are called semi-structured questions. Generally, they
indicate after the alternatives.

2.3. Bibliographic Sources


The bibliographic sources consist of publications (yearbooks, bulletins,
reports) that contain the data the researcher needs. In case of the
explanatory research, the main source is the analyzed text. However, there will be
to foresee interviews with specialists or consult other texts to enrich the
interpretation. The location of these sources must be established beforehand and the
access strategy formation.

2.4. Electronic Sources

Currently, the Internet and Email are very sources


valuable data. The case of the internet is simple; however, the risk lies in the
immense amount of information it provides about certain topics. But if
If the work is well planned and the variables are identified, the way will be facilitated.
to find the precise information. Another source of electronic information are the
encyclopedias that come on CD-ROM, as well as the dictionary of the Royal
Spanish Academy that serves to establish the correct definitions of the
concepts we handle.

3. Data Collection Techniques


According to the type of instrument used, the ...
techniques that will be used for data collection: interviews, information
documentary, observation, questionnaires, etc. Time must be allowed for
the preparation, obtaining or reproduction of questionnaires, tests or devices
necessary.
There are traditional means to record information and also the means
current.

3.1. Traditional Media

Pencil and paper, boards, calculator, phone and


email.

3.2. Current Media


It is when we use instruments such as a recorder, video camera, camera.
digital camera, laptop, FAX, and cell phone.

4. Field Work

The operational aspects of fieldwork are


refer to:
The action strategies for the localization of informants.
The programming and scheduling of activities.
The mapping or geographical location of the informants.
A well-organized fieldwork will prevent loss of time and resources, which
It goes in favor of the project costs.

5. Information Processing
For the processing of information, it is necessary to anticipate the actions for the
classification and organization of the material. This implies that all participants
know the place and date of delivery, method of review, coding, and preparation of
output frames. Data processing can be done in two ways.
mainly: Manual or computer-based, with a view to saving time, it must
choose, the system that best suits the research, next, is
they describe two options:

5.1. Manual System


It involves recording data and processing it using paper and pencil; they are
stored in sheets, files or folders, to be tabulated and edited
manually, this system is valid for some theses or seminars that have a
manageable amount of data or many participants. It is also justified when the
calculations are simple and not repetitive, under these conditions, the procedure
manual could be more economical and faster than others, for this, equipment is used
that facilitate the process, such as: calculators, printers, and others, that accelerate the
manual process.

5.2. The Computer

When the volumes of information are


elevated, and the processes are complex, the use of an electronic system is justified or
it is the computer. With the use of this technology, space, time, and
money.
As an additional way, we can say that in the presentation of a project of
The research team or human resources should be made known.
including the number of members participating in the research, such as the
people who advise them in order of hierarchy and position in their performance.

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