Enrique Guzmán y Valle

Alma Mater of National Teaching

LA CANTUTA

FACULTY : BUSINESS SCIENCES

COURSE : CULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND

SPORTS SHOES

THEME : HANDBALL

PROFESSOR : PABLO RIQUEZ LIVIA

MEMBERS :

JUAN NOLASCO REYES

NUÑEZ FACHIN, Shana
MILLA BRINGAS, Lesly
Rose
RETAMOZO ANDRADE, Cesar

SECTION : T7

CYCLE : I

1
 DEDICATION

This work is dedicated to

our parents because
they are always present
providing us with your support

unconditional and to our

teachers because they guide us
in our development
professional.

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 INDEX
INTRODUCTION.......................................................... 4

HANDBALL................................................................. 5

1. CONCEPT............................................................................. 6

2. HISTORY……………………………………………………………......... 8
3. HANDBALL IN PERU……………………………………………..10
4. HOW TO PLAY?..........................................................................12
4.1 MEASURES OF THE HANDBALL ARCHES……………12
4.2 MEASUREMENTS OF HANDBALL AND ITS WEIGHT ............................ 15
4.3 TECHNIQUE……………………………………………………………… 16
16
4.3.2 THE CAN……………………………………………………… 16
4.3.3 THE PASS........................................................... 17

4.4 THE LAUNCH…………………………………………………. 21

4.5PORTERO…………………………………………………………… 23
4.6 RECEIPT………………………………………………………… 24
TACTICA
INDIVIDUAL TACTICS IN ATTACK……………………………… 32
LAUNCH OF 7 METERS............................... 33
6. BASIC RULES…………………………………………………….. 36
7. SANCTIONS……………………………………………………………. 40
8. PLAYING FIELD…………………………………………………… 44
9. GAME VARIANTS……………………………………………. 45
. MINI HANDBALL………………………………………………….. 46

CONCLUSIONS................................................................. 48

RECOMMENDATIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………………………. 50

INTRODUCTION

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Handball is asportof ball in which two face each other
Teams. Each team consists of 14 players, who must
register in the match report. Each team enters the field of play.game7
players (6 players and 1 goalkeeper). Theobjectivethe goal of the game is to score
goal with the ball in hand inthe goalfrom the rival team. The team that later
of the match, which consists of two halves of 30 minutes, has managed to score more goals

the winner can be declared, with a tie also being possible.

In addition to indoor handball (generally, it simply refers to

common handball) there are still two other variations. One of them is handball
beach, very common in coastal areas and another one is the one oriented tochildren,
mini handball.

Its rules were standardized in 1926, although they had been drafted
for the game between teams of eleven players each and to theairfree. Bliss
mode, managed to participate in theOlympic Gamesfrom Berlin 1936, although
with low participation. Over the years, handball began to
practiced on an indoor track, which caused the number of players to
reduced to seven, although for atimehandball coexisted in 11 and 7,
surviving this last one. This modality made its debut as an Olympic sport in
theGamesMunich 1972 Olympics

Handball is a recently created sport, although there are experts who

they point out that their origins date back to antiquity. Thus, in ancient
In Greece, a ball game played with the hand was already practiced, known as the
“Game of Ukraine”, in which it
I used a ball the size of
an apple and the participants
they should ensure that it did not touch the

ground. This game came to describe

Homer in the "Odyssey".

In Roman times, a doctor

call Claudio Galeno
he recommended to his patients that
they will play at Hapaston, which is

I was practicing with a ball.

During the Middle Ages, games

with the ball in hand were
practiced primarily in the
Cut.

They were baptized by the troubadours as the 'First Summer Games'.

However, the modern origins of handball date back to the late 19th century.
when they were used as a supplement and to prepare gymnasts.

In a secondary education institute in Denmark, a physical education teacher,

Holger Nielsen, in 1898, introduced a new game with a small ball, to
which was called 'Handball'. It was about scoring goals in a goal, from a
similar way to soccer, but handling the ball with the hands. But the
few historians who have dared to delve into the origins of the
current handball target a Physical Education teacher, settled in
Berlin, called Max Heiser, as the true and legitimate 'father' of this.
sports modality.

She was playing with her students on one of the main avenues of Berlin in 1907.
The game I created is called 'Torball', based on other similar games.
Two years later, a compatriot of Heiser, Carl Schelen, 'invents' a
new game, named "Hanball", primarily inspired
in football. The rules were identical, with the difference that it was played with the

5
my own. Each team was made up of 11 players and it was practiced on
a soccer field.

1. CONCEPT

Handball is a court or field game played

by two teams whose aim is to get the ball into the
opposing goal throwing it with a
hand that delimits the area of the door.

As a field game, the teams they are

composed of eleven players; playing on the field closed
What is most common is that the teams are made up of five o
seven players.

A match lasts one hour divided into two halves. There are a
a scorer and a timer as well as two referees.

The match begins with a serve from the center of

field and the game unfolds through passes, throws and bargaining

with the ball. Players can stop, throw, catch, to throw o

hit the ball preferably with your hands, although
they can use any part of their body except the feet.

The goalkeeper is allowed to use their feet to defend their goal, and it is the only
person who can step on the goal area.

Players can hold the ball for a maximum of three seconds and can
take a maximum of three steps while they have it in their possession.

These restrictions do not apply to the goalkeeper. The ball can be passed in
any direction, even rolling down the track.

A player can hit the ball directly with a fist but cannot not
You can throw it in the air and then punch it.

6
There is no offside rule, and this helps make the game fluid and
agile, with the ball moving quickly from side to side of the court.

There is not much half-court play and most of the action is concentrated.
around the goal areas.

Handball is a contact sport. You are allowed to take a maximum of three steps.
steps, the contact, using the hands without grabbing, in order to obstruct the attack of
rival team, but pushing is never allowed, of any kind.
These offenses are punished with a direct free kick except for those that are clear.
goal occasions, which are sanctioned with 7-meter throws. The
harder actions, grabs from behind aggressions, etc. They can be
sanctioned first with a warning (yellow card). The team only
can receive 3 yellow cards, the next foul that the referee believes that
deserves a penalty, this will be for 2 minutes, no more cards can be given out
yellow. This penalty means that the team must play for 2 minutes
with one man less on the field. A player who has accumulated three exclusions.
he receives the red card and cannot return to the field. Instead, after 2
a teammate will be able to enter in minutes. The red card can be direct,
consideration of the referees.

2. HISTORY

Handball was born as a sport in the first quarter of the 20th century, as
consequence of the evolution of some practiced sports modalities

7
in Central Europe (Germany and the Czech Republic), such as thornball,
handball and hazena.

Thus, it begins to be practiced during

the 1930s handball as such,
although in a format of 11
players and using football fields.
The German Konrrad Koch is considered
the father of this discipline although he
Danish H. Nielsen had already published the
first regulation in 1898.

Proof of the popularity it has already reached

our sport back then, is its

inclusion of the Olympic program in the
1936 Games in Berlin, resulting in Germany being the winner in
that first Olympic date

The war conflicts of the mid-20th century as well as the coexistence of the
Two modalities of 7 and 11 players favored the exclusion of the program
Olympic, but the gradual disappearance of 11-a-side handball and the implementation
throughout Europe of the game to 7, with the first matches in Sweden, made that
at the Munich Olympics of 1972, he would enjoy that rank again,
the female category was incorporated in 1976.

Since 1954 and 1961, Men's World Championships have been held.
and Women's, currently held biannually, and since 1994
European championships in both categories and also every two years

Spain won the Bronze Medal at the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games
and Sydney 2000.

The I.H.F. (International Handball Federation), founded in 1928, governs the affairs
of our Sport at the global level, and the E.H.F. (European Handball Federation)
founded in 1991, it operates at a European level.

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In Spain, Handball followed the same evolution as in the rest of Europe,
considering the Catalan city
from Granollers, the cradle of it
back in the forties.

The C.B. was founded in 1945.

Granollers) although it was in El Ferrol (A
Coruña) where the first was held
match (of course in the
mode of 11) in 1928 between
two teams of marines.

Eibar, Madrid, Valladolid, Alicante, Port Sagunto,

Pamplona, Pontevedra, and Bilbao are the first places where our
The sport began to take hold in the 1940s, and in 1958 it was celebrated.
National Men's League, with C.B. Granollers becoming the first
National Champion.

Currently, the implementation of Handball in our country is absolute.

with more than 67,000 federal licenses, 700 teams in competition and more than
3,000 technicians leading both male and female teams from
the 5 years until the professional stage. In the 2003-04 season they participated
more than 2,000 youth teams and more than 800 senior leagues.

The ASOBAL Men's League consists of 16 teams and the Women's ABF League
14, being their structures absolutely professional, which demonstrates the
importance of this sport in Spain.

Spanish teams are the most decorated in all of Europe at present.

since they accumulate more than 20 out of a total of 30 titles put on the line in the

last 10 years. These sets are mostly led by

trained and specialized coaches in Spain, which is why the AEBM has
with world-class human resources.

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 3. HANDBALL IN PERU

Peru currently does not have a national team, since the years
90 handball is present in
some school games at the level
national, but this sport is
practiced in schools
mostly.

In the School Games

South Americans of 2008, Peru
participated for the first time with their teams

champions (San Carlos and Santa Ana schools from the city of Puno), the team
The Peruvian male won in the first round against the strong Argentine team.

We must clarify that handball does not have a Sports Federation.

Peruvian that handball had until around the year 1989 a
Peruvian Handball Sports Commission and with the emergence of the new
the law could not become a Federation.

It is in the year 1995 that at the Peruvian Institute of Sport in the Directorate
National Fundamental Sports led by Dr. Rubén Mayer that
incorporates Handball for the first time in the National Sports Games
Students assign Professor Pedro Rossell Dávila as the first
handball coordinator in the school environment.

From that year until 1999, handball was a sport that

competed in the National School Sports Games at the South American level
school is until the year 1998 that participation is at the Ladies level.

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It is in the year 2008 that he returns to the National School Sports Games.
It participates at the South American level in Women and Men. Currently, there is access to

with the Peruvian Associations of Handball Coaches and Referees

(founded in 1998) whose National Coordinator is Professor Pedro Rossell
Dávila.

This association has organized various training events, Festivals of

Handball, International Quadrangular with teams from Ecuador and Chile in the
last June the first International Handball Exhibition was held in
the Coliseum of Miraflores with the presence of 14 teams.

4 Teachers from the Peruvian Association of Coaches and Referees

Handball has traveled to courses in various countries in South America and is
pouring out their experiences.

4. HOW TO PLAY?

Handball is played in two

parts of 30 minutes with a
10-minute break. In
tie case and when
thestandardsfrom the competition
a winner is required, it will be played

a period of 5 minutes.

Players:

11
A handball team is made up of 12 players, of which only
Seven can play at the same time. All changes can be made that the
coach considers appropriate.

Ball

It is spherical, with a cover ofleatherthe synthetic material and ofcoloruniform

It has different weight and size according to the categories.

Score:

Every time the ball completely crosses the goal line, the team that
He/She scored a goal.

Start of the match.

The serve is drawn. When the referee blows the whistle, the team has 3 seconds.
to put the ball in play. All players must be in their half of the field.
corresponding field.

4.1. MEASUREMENTS OF HANDBALL ARCHES

The goal is located at the center of each outer goal line.

The goals will be firmly fixed to the ground or to the walls behind them.
of them for majorsecurityIts measures are 2 m high by 3 m wide.
wide, painted in twocolorswith strips of 2 decimeters.

The width of the posts and the beam is 8 centimeters, a measurement that coincides.
with the width of the goal line. This goal is located within an area
of 6 square meters, drawn from two quarter circles, centered at
each of the posts andradioof 6 m, joined by a line parallel to the line
of goal.

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13
PLAYGROUND

14
4.2. MEASURES OF THE BALL AND ITS WEIGHT

The ball is made of leather or synthetic material. It must be spherical.

Surface cannot be shiny or slippery.

At the beginning of the match, the ball used in a men's match (over
At 16 years old, it should measure 58 to 60 cm in circumference and weigh 425 to
475 g.

For women over 14 years old and men between 12 and 16 years old the
the circumference of the ball must be between 54 and 56 cm, and the weight between 325 and 400 g.

For male matches from 8 to 12 years and female matches from 8 to 14 years, the
The circumference of the ball must be 50 to 52 cm and weigh at least 315 gr.

For 'minis' (under 8 years old), the circumference of the ball must be 48 cm.
the weight of at least 290 gr.

The game consists of a leather or synthetic material ball. 3 are used

sizes:

4.3. TECHNIQUE

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Continue withattentionthe evolutions that the 14 players perform on the

playground is an exercise that delights by thespeedand thestrengthof you

actionsThe speed and skill in passing, the strength in throwing and
the jump and the goalkeepers trying to stop authentic artillery bullets. The
the show is served.

4.3.1. WITHDRAWAL

Referee's withdrawal:

Ifbrandgoalkeeper's throw when, for example, when the ball touches the ceiling
or some fixed apparatus over the playing area. When the referee throws the ball to
The players must be located at least 3 meters away from the referee.

Center kick:

For the kickoff, all players must be on their own side.

from the field and the opponents must be at least 3 m away
player who performs the kickoff. The center kick can be taken directly
a goal. The kick-off is performed at the start of the game or after it has been restarted.

he has scored a goal.

4.3.2. THE CAN

It is the technique that serves to progress towards the opposing goal. But, always
that it is possible, the fastest way andinsuranceto approach the team's area
the opponent is the pass. Despite being the least used technique in handball,
the boat has its applications as well.

It is used when the player has to cover a lot of meters to reach the goal.
opponent, typically when a team recovers the ball and launches
rapidly on the attack with clear possibilities of scoring a goal. Furthermore,
it can serve as a way to protect and preserve the ball in presence
of an opponent.

16
 For proper ball circulation, the use of dribbling should be limited.
although not prohibited. The most important decision regarding the boat is about
knowing when to start and when to stop using it.

During the throw, the player's positioning must allow for maximum field.
useful visual. In situations of close opposition, the boat must be lateral,
away from the defender, protected by the body of the attacker and executed with the
corresponding hand.

4.3.3. THE PASS

The Basic Pass: The assembly must always be done from the front. The holder
must 'look far, near, behind' as a necessary perceptual basis for the
selection of the receiver in the best throwing circumstances. In the passes
without opposition on the passing line, the ball must move quickly and
parallel to the ground. The passes in which the receiver is marked in proximity
They must be directed to the farthest open space from the defender.

The Technical-Tactical Pass: The player must master the different techniques of
I went through each orientation: front, side, back. It should also be used with
finiteness of the different passes.

The pass must always be trained with opposition: on the receiver, on the
passer or on the passing line. Deception as a component of the pass is
fundamental, for which a motor development is required that allows for
player a correct segmental dissociation.

The pass is, without a doubt, the most important technical action in handball.
because it is the one that is done most often. They use it
players to approach the opposing team's goal with the intention of
scoring a goal. It can be done in many ways: frontal, lateral, from

17
hip, in suspension, from behind, in rectification and in parabola, and all to its
they can be spicy or normal.

A good pass must be precise, secure, strong, without looking at the receiver and it
must handle the greatest number of types of passes:

a) Shoulder pass or direct:

The arm is positioned horizontally and the forearm is semi-flexed.

orient upwards vertically.

The trunk leans slightly towards the side of the executing arm.

With a slight projection of the executing arm backwards, it remains

armed.

The trunk distorts at the same time as the throw is made.

b) Chest pass with both hands:

When the ball is taken at chest height, it is the fastest way.

The bent arms prepare for the throw with a slightmovementtowards

the front, then they extend and the hands push the ball in such a way that
After the launch, they look outward and forward.

c) One-handed chest pass.

When holding the ball either in front or to the side of the body, it is not
a broad preparatory movement is necessary in order to carry out a
pass.

The hand that holds the ball moves it forward making a turn.
with the forearm, so that the thumb or the whole hand is behind
of her.

Then the ball is released so that, in the case of the right-handed pitcher, it is
sent to the right side.

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d) Pendulum pass.

The form of the pendulum launch essentially expands the capacity of

game.

A quick glance from the ball holder means that they immediately
it will make a pass, the pendulum one is the opposite, since there is no
communicationvisual at the moment of the pass.

This is used for short distances.

The pendulum pass at hip height, forward or to the side,

enables fast pass.

The ball rests on the open hand, and the arm extended in shape
let go.

In the preparation, the arm is pulled back and then swings quickly to
front like a pendulum.

The impulse is performed when the ball is close to the body.

The pendulum pass at hip height backward allows for the pass.
without turning the body towards the player located behind who changes from

position.

The moment, thepower, the height, etc., must be determined and executed the
most of the time without visual communication.

The pendulum movement raises the ball a little.

The marker cannot intercept this step.

The pendulum pass behind the back to one side.

The ball is propelled from behind the back towards a player.

side or obliquely to the front, without any defender, even if positioned at the
proximity, can intercept this pass.

19
The player must not lord it over themselves when performing this action.

The pendulum pass behind the head to the side.

The ball is brought up to head height for the throw.

directly, with the shoulder axis directed obliquely forward and backward.

The pendulum movement that follows this action propelled the ball by
behind the head to the front, but rather to take the shoulder of the shooting arm
backwards, so that the head is not facing in the direction of
launch.

The fingers also push the ball; with some exercise, it is possible to influence it.
height and the power of the throw.

With this maneuver, the marker is misled, as he expects a

direct launch and is surprised by the direct launch and is
surprised by the launch of pendulum.

Swinging a pendulum between the legs to the side.

The player who will throw the ball, after having received it or after having
implying a direct launch, it remains inattitudestep forward
surpassed

The ball is held between the legs and sent to a player positioned at
side.

Right-handed players must have their left leg forward to throw

to the left.

Reverse or lateral pass (right-left).

Back or lateral pass (left-right)

4.4. THE LAUNCH

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It is the technique that culminates the attack. The goal is the rightful reward of a shot.
well aimed at the opposing goal. Thus, it must be done with power and
precision for the ball to reach theredfar from the reach of the goalkeeper. The
players perform this technical action generally with one hand, although
It is also possible to practice it with both. There are several types: frontal, in
suspension, rectification, of hip, in fall, parabola and from behind, and at the same time

They can be normal or jagged.

a) Frontal launch without fall.

The player places one leg farther forward than the other.

With the push given by that leg, a is carried [Link] the trunk to the
side of the execution of the launch, leaving the armed arm in the form
habitual with the usual distortion of the trunk, the power achieved is
requires the launch. This launch changes when it is carried out from the
extreme, widening the shooting angle.

In these cases, the player who is right-handed on the left wing and left-handed on the right.

right extreme, performs a lateral inclination of the trunk towards the side of the
executing arm, also adopting a trajectory towards the 7-meter line
in order to achieve the greatest possible angle of launch.

21
b) Front launch with fall.

It is typical of the extremes to propel themselves towards the 7-meter line, they position themselves

the body horizontally in the thorax facing the frame.

c) Launch with jump or in suspension.

Launch in the air by lifting the knee opposite to the throwing hand.
make a vertical jump and a torso twist accompanied by the movement of
arm

This pass is usually made over the defenders.

d) Launch with drop.

It is the typical launch of the pivots. With the support of one of the two feet, it
they bend their legs controlling the ball.

The player, while making a movement of body extension and the

arms, lets itself sink, assembling during the fall of the executing arm by means of
a slight projection backward of said arm.

4.5. DOORMAN

The goalkeeper is a player who must master a technique completely different from the
the rest of the players of a handball team, except for the passes, the
goalkeeper actions need atrainingspecial. They are movements
that are done at high speed since shots on goal are usually very
powerful and the goalkeeper must react quickly to deflect the ball.
Therefore, one of the fundamental characteristics of the goalkeeper is the
reaction speed of their limbs and their flexibility.

Among thetechniquesfrom the goalkeeper we find:

The ball follows from one side to the other of the goal.

He will try not to fall to the ground.

22
 He will play a little further forward to cover more angle.

He will reject almost all the throws with his limbs.

He will pick up the ball in his area after the rebound.

He will block the ball when possible, instead of clearing it.

It will happen to the colleagues who are closest and in the best situation.

find.

4.6. RECEPTION

a) Reception at chest height.

It is the most used, both with feet on the ground and in the air.

Basic position:

One foot in front and the other behind, shoulder-width apart.

Arms slightly bent at the height of the chest.

Elbows slightly outward.

Open hands, palms facing forward, towards the ball,

fingers separated from each other, thumbs oriented facing each other forming
a triangle. With the index fingers; the hand forms a sort of
piston or cup where the ball will go in.

23
 The gaze fixed on the ball.

At the reception itself, the arms flex, the weight of

the body shifts to the hind leg to cushion the force it brings
the ball.

b) Reception from the hips down.

Basic position:

Arms extended and relaxed towards the ground.

The hands with palms facing the ball, fingers spread and oriented
Towards the ground, the pinkies orient themselves towards each other.

At the moment of reception, the arms and hands are bent together.
with the ball, they bring it to their chest, elbows out to

protect the ball. The weight of the body shifts to the front leg
at the back.

c) Reception with one hand.

24
It is rare and requires great maturity from the player, almost no one...
USA. It is important for the player to learn how to calculate the speed they bring.
ball. It is generally used with balls that come from the shoulders towards
above.

Basic position:

Point the palm of the hand towards the direction the ball is coming from, having
safety of the hand that is going to be used. The fingers separated. The

the movement continues in such a way that the ball is pulled back with
the whole arm, the arm follows the trajectory of the ball.

When the ball is received and controlled, it is passed or taken to the

another hand, is protected, elbows are opened and the ball stays at the height
from the chest.

d) Reception with stop.

It is rare and requires great maturity from the player, it is almost not
USA. It is important for the player to learn how to calculate the speed they bring.
ball. It is generally used with balls that come from the shoulders down.
above.

Basic position:

Orient the palm of the hand toward the direction the ball is coming from, have
hand safety that will be used. Fingers apart. The

25
 the movement continues in such a way
that the ball is carried backwards with
the whole arm, the arm follows the
trajectory of the ball.

When the ball is received and held

controlled, it is passed or taken to the
another hand, is protected, the openings are made

elbows and the ball is at the height of the

chest.

e) Reception of chopped balls.

Basic position:

Body leaning forward, weight on the front leg.

The hands are positioned the same as in receiving the ball at the height of the
chest, the palms of the hands face the ground.

Upon receiving the ball, the trunk straightens and the body's weight is shifted to

the back leg, the arms remain in front of the ground.

Thesuccessthis reception depends on the player knowing the precise moment

when the ball is going to bounce on the ground.

26
f) Reception of globed balls.

They are soft balls with little parabolic curvature.

Basic position:

Body leaning forward, weight on the front leg.

The hands are placed the same as in ball reception at the height of the
chest, the palms of the hands face the ground.

Upon receiving the ball, the trunk straightens and the weight of the body shifts to

the back leg, the arms remain in front of the ground.

The hands form a piston, the fingers separated, palms facing

above, the thumbs and index fingers form a triangle, arms bent,
arms slightly bent backward, elbows forward.

g) Reception of very high balls.

They bring a great parable. It is used when an opponent is close, and the ball
it is coming very strong.

Basic position:

27
 Arms fully extended.

If the ball comes forward and up, the arms extend diagonally.
at the head, the hands are positioned in the basic position. If the ball comes
the arms extend above or over the head but the
hands are faced towards each other, the thumbs pointing backwards form a
type of cup.

The jump is used to meet the ball. The sight is maintained.

Always on the ball, the jump is used to gain position.

Once the ball is received, the jump is cushioned by falling onto the ball.
the feet in semi-flexion, the arms are reflected and the ball is carried
in front of the chest, elbows out to protect the phone.

h) Reception of rolled balls.

They are balls that are generally left dead on the field.

Basic position:

They are gathered like a hand forming a kind of shovel, in the

At the moment the ball is grabbed, it is secured with the free hand.

You need to make a deep bend, the knee that stays up is the
opposite to the direction the ball is coming from, in case the ball

28
 it would come from the side. Once the ball is collected, it is brought up to chest height

and is protected.

i) Receiving balls at waist height.

It is exclusive to pivot players.

Basic position:

Hands facing each other, elbows open, or also one hand with the
palm up and the other with the palm down.

29
5. TACTICS

The challenge of overcoming the opponent forces the players to give their all.
putting into practice all their technical skills on the playing field.
But close collaboration between the components is also necessary.
of the team to achieve the goal. The players occupy positions
different depending on their physical and technical characteristics. In the attack, which

its primary objective is to score goals, these are: full-backs, center, wingers
and pivot.

Each of these players stands out for their special characteristics according to
the position they hold in the team:

Wingers. They stand out with their incursions down the flanks. They are players

fast and very skilled, used to shooting at goal from

very difficult positions. That is why their goals are the result of skill,
theintelligence, the placement and the deception of the goalkeeper, to the detriment of the
launching power. They usually finish the counterattack.

Pivot. Plays at the center of the attack, between the defenders of the team.
opponent. He is a strong player, who fights face to face with the
opponents. Their greatest contribution to the team is attracting the attention of the

defenses, for the benefit of other colleagues, and their throws from
the line of 6 m. Itsmissionit facilitates the shot or the penetrations of its
companions through blocks or screens.

Laterals. They are the players who shoot at goal from distances.
further away. They must stand out for their launch power.

Central. He is the player who organizes the team's attack. He is the director.
from the 'orchestra'. All attack actions go through him and must
pass and shoot. He is the most versatile in the team.

The defense aims to prevent the opposing team from scoring goals. It can
organize themselves in different ways:

30
 Individual. Each defender closely marks an attacker.

In zone. Each player defends a specific area.

Mixed. It is a blend between the two previous ones.

THE INDIVIDUAL TACTIC IN ATTACK:

The displacements:

a.- Ball dribbling:

In ball movements, the player must be aware that

must necessarily employ the 3 steps, they must be carried out with
wide lunges directed towards open spaces, never towards defenders. In
in the case of diagonal trajectories towards goals, the last support must ensure the
final orientation to the goal.

The boat should be used at the start of the maneuver, never at the end.
entry of the same. During his ball movements, the bearer
must attend to both the defenders and their teammates.

The player must master: support techniques and ball handling.

reaction" ball movements.

b.- The movements without the ball:

The player, in their movements without the ball, must maintain the line of
constantly free pass, starting them from outside the field of vision of the
defense.

It must also be received in situations where the line of fire is present.

without opposition, and avoiding double support, heading towards free spaces
near the opponent's goal or, failing that, close to the ball carrier.

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LAUNCH OF 7 METERS:

Launch decision of 7 meters

A throw of 7 meters is ordered when:

a) A clear goal-scoring opportunity is frustrated in an antiregulation manner

any part of the playing field by a player of the

opposing team.
b) There is an unjustified whistle at the moment of a clear
goal opportunity.
A clear goal chance is thwarted by someone's interference.
who does not participate in the game; for example, when a spectator
enters the playing field or stops the players for
by means of a whistle blow.
2. If the attacking player manages to score a goal despite the
violation by the defenders, there is no reason to order a
launch of 7 meters. Conversely, if it is observed that a player
has he really lost the ball or control of the body due to a
foul, and a clear goal opportunity has been lost, it will be ordered
a 7-meter throw.
3. When a throw of 7 meters is ordered, the referees can
grant a time-out, but only if there is a substantial delay, due to
example, due to a change of pitcher.

The execution of 7 meters

The launch of 7
metros must to be
executed with a shot of
goalkeeping inside the
three seconds
subsequent to the touch of
whistle of the referee.

The player who is executing the 7-meter throw must

to be positioned behind the 7-meter line, no more than one meter from
her. After the referee's whistle, the pitcher must not
32
 touching or crossing the 7-meter line before the ball has
out of his hand.
3. After executing a throw of 7 meters, the thrower
or a teammate cannot play the ball again until
whether it has been touched by an opponent or until it has touched the goal.
4. When a throw of 7 meters is executed, the players of the
the opposing team must remain outside the hit line
Franc, and at least 3 meters from the 7-meter line, until
the ball has left the pitcher's hand.
5. It is not allowed to change the goalkeepers once the thrower
he is ready to execute a 7-meter throw.

The launcher

Before the execution, the pitcher must be in the correct position.

indicated for the launch. The ball must be in the hand of
launcher. During execution, except in the case of a serve of
goal, the pitcher must have part of one foot constantly
in contact with the ground until the ball has left his hand.
The other foot can be lifted and placed on the ground quickly.
The throw is considered executed when the ball has left
the pitcher's hand.
3. The pitcher does not have to touch the ball again until it
it has touched another player or in the goal. A goal can be scored
directly from any launch.

Teammates of the pitcher

The launcher's teammates must occupy the indicated positions for the
launch. Players must stay in the correct positions.
until the ball has left the pitcher's hand. During the
execution, the ball must not be touched by a teammate nor handed over to a
the hand of this last one.

The defenders

33
The defensive players must occupy the indicated positions for the
the launch in question and must remain in the correct position until
the ball has left the pitcher's hand. The incorrect positions for
part of the defensive players in relation to the execution of a throw-in
a center, from a throw-in, or from a free kick should not be picked up by
the referees if this does not disadvantage the attacking players to the
execute the launch immediately. If there is a downside, it will be corrected.
the positions.

Attitudes that should be adopted when catching the ball.

1.- Try to play the ball with one hand.

2.- Handle the ball adapted to our hand without looking at it.

3.- Grab the ball with open fingers, the hand in a concave shape without
Touch the palm, and the little finger and thumb must hold it firmly.

4.- Secure the ball in our hand, without stiffness, so that it does not fall to the ground.

5.- Pass the ball to the teammate in the best position to score.

6.- Pass the ball at shoulder height to the teammate.

7.- Perform the movements with skill and spontaneity.

8.- Make only the just and necessary movements.

9.- Make the passes to the teammates with the assurance of not losing it.

10.- Do not forget that all players are attackers and defenders.

34
6. BASIC RULES

The rules that the player holding the ball must respect are as follows:

Steps. A player cannot take more than three steps with the ball in their hands.

hands.

You can also use the boat to get around.

Doubles. After stopping to serve, it is not allowed to serve again.

again. Inchange, it is possible to take three more steps.

He must pass, shoot at goal, or bounce the ball before 5 seconds are up.
since he/she caught the ball.

You have to touch the side line of the field to make a throw-in.

The ball can be touched from the knee up. The goalkeeper can
do it with any part of your body.

There are common rules for all players:

It is not allowed to push, hold, or hit an opponent.

You cannot block a player with your arms or legs.

But yes with the trunk.

It is a fault to step on the line that marks the 6-meter goal area and
to enter it, except for the doorman.

Inside the area, the goalkeeper will not be punished if they take steps, double or

holds the ball for more than 3 seconds.

It is possible to shoot at the goal from inside the area, as long as the
the player has jumped, previously without stepping on the line, and throws the ball
before falling to the ground.

35
 When the goalkeeper sends the ball behind their goal and it goes out of bounds.
goal line he himself will put the ball back into play. If, in
change, the ball is touched by a defensive field player, it
he will take a corner or a corner kick from the nearest side from
where it came out.

All thefaultsThey are taken from the same place where they were made.
Except if the infringement was between the lines of 6 and 9 meters. In that
In this case, the direct free kick is taken from the 9-meter dashed line.
The defenses must be placed on the 6-meter line.

When the player shooting at the goal has a clear advantage

to achieve a goal, a foul will be called, the referee will punish the
penalty foul. This is taken from the 7-meter line. Everyone
Players must move back to the 9-meter line.

If the referees consider that a team is wasting time, delaying

too much the shot on goal, they can punish this situation
indicating "passivity".

A player can be sent off for 2 minutes. Upon the third expulsion, they
go directly to the locker room, and in 2 minutes another player will enter.

ELEMENTARY GAME RULES:

It is allowed:

a) Use the arms and hands to block the ball.

b) Take the ball away from the opponent with an open hand and from any side.
c) Use the body to block the opponent's path, even when the
the opponent is not in possession of the ball.
d) Make physical contact with an opponent from the front, with the arms.
bent and, while maintaining this contact, control him and accompany him.

Not allowed:

36
 a) To take the ball away from the opponent, nor to hit it when it is between
his hands.
b) Block or push the opponent with arms, hands, or legs.
c) To hold back the opponent, to restrain him, to push him, or to run towards him.
or in jump.
d) To endanger your opponent with or without the ball.

A player who attacks an opponent and puts their physical integrity in danger.
the opponent must be disqualified if:

a) From the side or from behind, hit or pull back the arm of the
player who is making a throw or passing the ball.
b) Deliberately strikes the opponent's body with the foot or the knee or
in any other way.
c) Push against someone who is running or jumping, or attack them that way.
so that he loses control of his body.

THE BLOW:

Decision free kick:

The referees can interrupt the game and resume with a free kick.
favorable to the opposing players when: the team in possession of
the ball commits a foul to the rules that results in the loss of possession.
If an infraction is committed that is usually penalized with a blow
Franco, when the ball is not in play, the existing game: A hit is given
to resume the game in those situations where the game is
interrupts (for example, when the ball is in play).

Execution of the free kick:

Normally, the free kick is executed at the referee's whistle.

the place where the infraction was committed. If a referee interrupts the game

37
 due to a foul by a player of the defending team, and the consequence
It is a verbal warning or disciplinary sanction, the free kick will be executed.
from the place where the ball was when the game was interrupted. Never
a direct free kick can be taken within the goal area
team that executes the throw or within the free kick line of the
opposing players. The execution must take place in the most
close outside the restricted area.
The attacking team players must not touch or cross the line of
frontal blow from the opposing team before the blow has been executed.
The free kick must be executed after the whistle is blown. The same
the procedure will be applied if the attacking team players penetrate into the
restricted area during the execution of the free kick (before the ball
has abandoned the pitcher's hand.
When the free kick is taken, the opponents must remain at
a minimum distance of 3 meters from the thrower. They are, however,
authorized to position themselves immediately outside their own area line of
goal if the free kick is being executed on its free kick line.

Duration and Result

38
The duration of the match is 60 minutes, divided into 2 halves of 30 minutes.
each one. The result can be a victory for each of the teams, or
tie. In some types of tournaments when a tie occurs, it goes to the
extra time or penalty shootout.

10. SANCTIONS

a) The offenses committed by the pitcher or by his teammates

before the execution of a launch.
b) The consequences of the infractions committed by the pitcher or their
team members during the execution of a launch,
they mainly depend on whether the execution was preceded by a touch
the whistle that will order the resumption.
c) Any infraction during an execution that has not been preceded
due to a resumption signal, it will be subject to a correction and will carry
to a re-launch after the whistle blow.
d) Any infringement during an execution after a signal of
resumption must be sanctioned. For example, the pitcher jumps
during the execution, holds the ball for more than three seconds or is
moves from the correct position before the ball has exited its
hand.
It also applies if team members move and occupy
unlawful positions after the whistle blow. In this
In this case, the original launch is canceled and a free kick is awarded to
favor of the opposites from the place of the infraction.
e) Any infringement that occurs immediately afterward,
related to the execution, must be sanctioned. For example,
when the pitcher touches the ball a second time before there is
touched another player or in the goal, for example if it bounces,
grab the ball again after it is in the air or has
placed on the ground. These situations were penalized with a blow

39
 Frankly in favor of the opponents, the application must be taken into account.
of the law of advantage.
f) The defensive players who interfere with the execution of a
launching the opponent (for example, not occupying a position
initially correct or moving later to a position
incorrect) they shall be sanctioned. A throw that has been
negatively affected by the interference of a defender must be
repeated.

And how are the sanctions applied?

Warning:

They shall be sanctioned with a warning:

a) Those offenses that must be sanctioned progressively.
b) Unsportsmanlike conduct by a team player.
2. The referee must indicate the warning to the offending player and to the
timekeeper showing a yellow card.

Exclusion:

The exclusion sanction must be imposed when:

a) Due to an incorrect change, without an additional player, he penetrates into the

playing field or without a player interfering in the game in a way

unregulatory from the change zone.
b) For repeated offenses of the type that must be sanctioned
progressively.
c) For repeated unsportsmanlike conduct by a player on the field
in the game or out of it.
d) For unsportsmanlike conduct that involves an exclusion of 2
minutes on each occasion as a consequence of a
disqualification of a team player.
e) For unsportsmanlike conduct by a player, before
the game has resumed, after it has been
sanctioned with a 2-minute exclusion.
2. After the signaling of a time-out, the referee must indicate
clearly the exclusion of the infringing player.

40
An exclusion will always be for a game time of 2 minutes;
the third exclusion for the same player always leads to a
disqualification.
The excluded player will not be allowed to participate in the game during the
exclusion time, and the team will not be allowed to replace him/her in the
playground.
5. The exclusion period begins when the game resumes with a
whistle blow.

Disqualification:

1. A disqualification should be sanctioned when:

a) If a fault is committed that puts the physical integrity of

opposing team.
b) A serious unsportsmanlike conduct of a team player within
or off the field, and also for the special case of
repeated unsportsmanlike conduct during a tiebreaker as in
the 7-meter launches.
c) An aggression by a player before the match or
during a tie-breaking procedure.

2. After announcing a time-out, the referees must indicate

clearly the disqualification of the offending player, raising the card
red.
A disqualification of a team player is always for the rest of the
game time. The player must immediately leave the
playing field and the substitution area. After the player has left,
He will not be allowed to have any kind of contact with the team.
4. The disqualification of a team player on or off the field,
during the game time, the team will always be penalized with 2
minutes of exclusion. This means that the team will play with one player
less.
The number of players available for the team decreases when
there is a team disqualification. However, completing the
number of players on the field once the time has ended
of 2 minutes exclusion.

41
 Expulsion:

The aggression committed by a person should be punished with expulsion.

player during game time.

2. After announcing a time-out, the referees must indicate
clearly the expulsion of the offending player.
3. The expulsion is always during the duration of the match, and the
the team has to continue playing with one less player in the
playing field. If the player who receives the expulsion sanction
I was still serving a 2-minute exclusion, or had
caused a reduction in the number of players. This means
that the only applicable reduction is that caused by the
expulsion.
4. The expelled player cannot be replaced and must
immediately abandon both the playing field and the
change zone. After leaving, the player is not given
allows no contact with the team.

11. PLAYING FIELD

The playing field is a rectangle measuring 27 meters long and 12 meters wide.
in width.

It includes a play area and two goal areas.

3. The playing field surface must consist of a layer of

arena of around 40 centimeters.

4. The long lines of the playing field are called sidelines, and the
shorts, goal lines.

5. The goal is placed at the midpoint of the goal line, and it has a
length of 3 meters and a height of 2 meters.

6. The line between the two posts is called the goal line.

42
 7. The reception area will be created by drawing a line parallel to the line of
goal, at a distance of 6 meters.

The play area has a length of 15 meters and a width of 12.

subways.

It will be delimited with a tape 8 centimeters wide made of

with elastic material.

10. Half of the playing area must be indicated on the lines of

band by a line of another color 15 centimeters wide.

12.

VARIANTS
OF THE GAME

BEACH HANDBALL

Beach handball has many similarities with traditional handball.

Two teams of four players each participate, one of which is

43
the goalkeeper. It is played on a field of about 27 by 12 meters, which is
completely covered by sand. Each match consists of two halves of
10 minutes each and the result is counted independently, if
you manage to win both halves, you achieve a 2-0, but in case each team
It will win a period, the match is decided with thesystema player against the
goalkeeper. Free kicks must be taken precisely at the spot where they are
they committed, with the players having to be 1 meter away from the pitcher. If a
player is excluded, he will not be able to return until his team has
recovered possession of the ball, in case of disqualification, this player does not
he will be able to re-enter and will be replaced by another when his team returns
recover possession. For the changes, the players from both teams
they will be located outside the same band line, each one on the part
corresponding to their field, remaining seated and they will be able to change
as many times as they want.

MINI-HANDBALL

Mini handball is played between two teams of 5 players each.

one of them is the goalkeeper, although the goalkeeper must be substituted in each
period. Additionally, since this is a game aimed at children, they all must
participate in some of the four quarters. Four quarters are played.

44
10 minutes each, with 6 minutes of break between periods and 2 in between.
periods (2 times = 1 period).

Each match is played on a solid surface of about 20.

by 13 meters, in addition to reducing other distances in the area. The goal
it must be reduced to 1.60 meters if it is a benjamin or to 1.80 if it is
minnow. From the finish line to the area there are 5 meters and the penalty spot is
you will find it at 6 meters.

The ball used by the children depends on their category, 44 cm in diameter.

for beginners and 48 for minors. In defense, the ...
mixed (independent defenses against a player) and none may be used
substance in the ball's grip. The final result can only fluctuate between 0-
0, 0-1, 1-1, 0-2; since each period is independent and one point is given to the
winning team.

This type of sport does not have international representations, as it is

practiced only for theteachingof common handball among children and
girls from the different clubs.

45
 CONCLUSIONS

Handball is played according to a series of rules that are modified.

or improved every 4 years (Olympic year). This sport is practiced with a
spherical ball, where two teams of seven players each (six players
"from the field" and a goalkeeper) compete to fit it into the opposing goal,
scoring a goal. The team that has scored the most goals by the end of the match
he is the winner; if both teams score the same number of goals, then
a tie is declared.

The main rule is that players, except for goalkeepers, cannot touch.
intentionally the ball with their feet during the game.

In a typical game, players take the ball to the zone 9 meters.

through the pass with their teammates and the bounce of the ball, place from which
they try to beat the goalkeeper. The opposing players try to recover thecontrolof
the ball intercepting passes or blocking shots with its arms and
hands; however, and different from otherssports, physical contact between
players is very continuous. The game in handball flows freely,
stopping only when the ball goes out of play or when the
Referee decides that it must be stopped. After each pause, the game restarts.
with a specific play.

46
 RECOMMENDATIONS

The practice of handball allows for the development of leg strength.

yresistancefiscal

Practicing handball allows for acoordinationymemory, because you have to

remember the plays.

In handball practice, it is also a workout for the trunk.

you train a lot and the arms because it is very hard to defend, and in the end you lose
fat and you end up with a body.

Well, it is beneficial for thehealthphysicsand mental state of a subject, but

it also becomes a powerful tool that could well help to
to resolve or to reducesocial problemsdepending on its correct application and
operation.

47
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. IHF. History of Handball, 2000. Available at [Link]

[Link]//.

2. FEB. Handball. Extracurricular physical and sports activity in the

educational centers. Higher Sports Council, Spain, 1996.

3. Román Seco, Juan de Dios. Methodological Guide. Introduction to

Handball. Cronocolor, Madrid, 1988.

4. Turchín, I. E. Handball. Higher School, Kiev, Ukraine, 1988.

48
49