Human Rights: A Universal Declaration

Module 1

Question 1
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After World War II, with the creation of the UN, countries decided to make a commitment to
never allow atrocities like those seen in the war, with the extermination of millions
people in concentration camps and as a result of the explosion of two atomic bombs. Thus, they
they prepared the basic document to guarantee rights for all people everywhere in the world: the
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.

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True

False
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The member countries of the UN signed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In turn, the
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was a result of the French Revolution of 1789.

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The Universal Declaration describes the human rights and fundamental freedoms of all beings
humans, having the principle of universality described in its preamble.
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The principle of universality outlined in the beginning of the Universal Declaration means that the rights therein provided
are for everyone, without any distinction.
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Relate the characteristics of the rights laid out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights with your
respective description:

Human Rights must reach all human beings, regardless of Response 1

any characteristic, such as nationality, religious belief, class, gender, age, race,
sexual orientation.
The various Human Rights cannot be seen separately, but always as Response 2
part of an indivisible whole. Thus, among the various Human Rights, there are none
more important than others: all are equally relevant.

It is the duty of the public authorities to provide means and instruments to realize the Rights Answer 3
Humans, like public policies, for example.

Human rights cannot be transferred from one person to another by any means. Answer 4
reason, whether donation, sale, renunciation, or any other means

Although they emerge and change throughout History, those Human Rights that have already been
recognized as such cannot cease to be: that is to say, it is not possible that there exists Answer 5
setbacks, decreasing the relationship of the rights that were defined as Rights
Humans
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The rights provided for in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights have specific characteristics that them
qualify as human rights. They are: universality (human rights are for everyone
individuals without any distinctions); indivisibility (human rights cannot be divided and there are no
more important rights than others); effectiveness (human rights must be effective and the State must
guarantee them through public policies); inalienability (human rights cannot be transferred
for other people or even be renounced) and cannot suffer setbacks (once conquered and
Guaranteed, human rights cannot cease to be recognized.
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Judge the following item as true or false.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, being just a declaration, is not binding.
mandatory for the countries that sign it, but it serves as a basis for other laws to be created in respect to
Human Rights, as exemplified by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the National Human Rights Program.
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The declarations (such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) are manifestos of the will of the countries.
that are signed with forecasts of rights for all, but are not formally binding. Their importance
it is precisely to be a public and international commitment so that people around the world -
men, women, children, elderly – have their rights guaranteed and protected.
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MODULE 2

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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights represents the main milestone in the emergence of Human Rights.
in the world, but it was not the first document to guarantee rights to people against the use of arbitrary power

by the rulers. The Response

resulting from the French Revolution of 1789, already anticipated that men are born and are free and equal in rights

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The liberal revolutions of the late eighteenth century - the American Revolution of 1776 and the French Revolution of
1789 - are considered the historical events responsible for the first drafting of the first documents.
that secured the rights of individuals in opposition to the arbitrary power of the Monarchies that marked
strongly influenced the organization of societies at that historical moment.

The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, resulting from the French Revolution of 1789
established, along with the Declaration of Independence of the United States of America
They asserted equality among men and the right to freedom.

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Civil rights are considered first generation Human Rights and emerged to protect a group.
specific to individuals, who became special citizens of the Monarchy.
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Civil rights, considered first-generation Human Rights, represent a set of rights
attributable to all individuals, from any social group that represented a sphere of protection against the
arbitrators of the Monarchy, breaking the social organization based on the existence of privileged groups, by
one side, and groups with no privileges at all, on the other side. They are the rights of freedom and equality.

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Slavery, prohibited by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in its Article 4, still persists today in
various forms such as forced domestic labor and human trafficking.
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Despite having ancient roots in human history, slavery still exists today in many forms.
International Labour Organization (ILO) states that there are more than 25 million children, women and
men living in modern slavery, equivalent to 3 in every 1,000 people in the world.
 Question 4
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Relate the rights provided for in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights with the situations that describe.
violations of rights:

Three independent experts with the United Nations expressed their serious
concern regarding the information according to which defenders of rights
Humans detained in Iran were subjected to aggressive interrogation methods. Response 1
to obtain confessions used against them before the revolutionary courts. The
the accused are, namely, lawyers, journalists, and human rights defenders
humans as well as opposition members, who took to the streets to protest against the
the way the presidential elections took place in the country.
We live in a world dominated by men, in a culture dominated by
men. And this is true in governments, public administrations, in the private sector,
but also in international organizations such as the UN. Therefore, the issue Answer 2
central to gender equality is an issue of power. And that is why the
empowerment of women is our most important goal.” Secretary-
United Nations Secretary-General, António Guterres.

The UN special rapporteur on the human rights situation in Eritrea

Response 3
condemned the arbitrary imprisonment and detention of hundreds of people who challenged the
government restrictions in a school and expressed concern about
continuation of human rights violations across the country.
The United Nations are bringing the fight against human trafficking to the sector
air through its human rights body and the International Organization Response 4
of Civil Aviation (ICAO), which are finalizing a guide with guidelines that can
help airline employees identify and report this crime.
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 16 says: 'Promote
peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, to provide Answer 5
access to justice for all and build effective, accountable institutions,
inclusive at all levels.
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You have selected correctly 1.

About the news 'Three independent experts with the United Nations expressed their serious concern
in light of the information according to which the detained human rights defenders in Iran (...) it concerns the
description of torture crimes committed by government agents against human rights defenders.
The statement by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, António Guterres, refers to the right to equality of
women in relation to men.
The news regarding the arrest and arbitrary detention of hundreds of people in Eritrea concerns respect for
legality.
The news about the partnership between the UN and the International Civil Aviation Organization to prevent trafficking of
people address the prohibition of slave labor.
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 16 addresses access to justice and legal protection.
Question 5
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Judge the following item as true or false.

The Human Rights stipulated in the Universal Declaration and the fundamental guarantees of article 5
The Federal Constitution of 1988 has similar content. Therefore, we can affirm that when we address
Human rights and fundamental rights, we are addressing the same rights of protection for freedom,
equality, life and security
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True

False
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Although referred to different expressions - Human Rights for the Universal Declaration and rights
fundamental to the Federal Constitution of 1988, the first generation rights have contents
similar, which protect individuals against the arbitrariness of the State.
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MODULE 3

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Relate the rights provided in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights with the situations that describe.
violations of your content:
Ensure the full and effective participation of women and equality of Answer 1
opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in life
policy, economic and public and adopt and strengthen solid policies and legislation
applicable to the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all
women and girls at all levels are some of the global goals of
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 5 - Gender Equality.
When Madagascar gained independence from France in 1960, the majority of
karana did not receive citizenship. Until recently, the nationality law of Response 2
Madagascar only granted it to children born from at least one of the countries.
with Malagasy nationality, which means that statelessness has transitioned from a
generation to another. The report is from the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR).

On the occasion of the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, the Response 3
UN Secretary-General António Guterres said everyone has a role to play.
it is a collective responsibility in the fight against intolerance and the dissemination of
hate.
The capacity of people to exercise their rights of assembly and association in
the workplace is drastically deteriorating worldwide, leading to Response 4
a worsening of employment conditions, weakening of social protections and
increase in inequality, stated the United Nations rapporteur Maina Kiai to
General Assembly.
In celebration of the International Decade of People of African Descent, documentary
produced by the UN Information Center for Brazil (UNIC Rio) addresses
the causes of religious intolerance and the richness of Afro-descendant culture in
country. African matrix religions are part of the religious diversity of Answer 5
Brazil. Among some of these manifestations, which are referenced to culture
brought by Africans during more than 300 years of slavery, are catimbó,
cabula and primarily umbanda and candomblé, which spread more
intensity across Brazil.
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You selected correctly 1.

The news about the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 5 - Gender Equality refers to
right to political participation.
The situation of the Karana people of Madagascar refers to the right to nationality.

The speech of the UN Secretary-General, António Guterres, addresses freedom of expression and opinion.
The right to assemble and associate in the workplace deals with the freedom of association.
The news about the celebration of the International Decade for People of African Descent concerns religious freedom.

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Democracy is one of the essential, universal, and indivisible values and principles that is based on the will
freely expressed by the peoples and is closely linked to the exercise of human rights and freedoms
fundamental. For the full exercise of democracy, it is necessary that everyone has the right to vote and to be voted for,
known as _______________ and still being endowed with __________, which is the bond that ties a person to
a certain country, which becomes integrated into the people, acquiring rights and obligations.

The text refers to:

a. Universal suffrage / nationality

b. Universal suffrage / citizenship

c. Right to opinion / nationality

d. Right of association / nationality

e. Right to opinion / citizenship

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The right to vote and to be voted for is provided in Article 21 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
it is equivalent to the concept of universal suffrage, which also requires that the person be endowed with nationality,
being this the bond that ties her to a certain country, which makes her integrated with the people,
acquiring rights and obligations.
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Political rights are considered second-generation Human Rights and emerged to enable the
participation of all individuals in the political life of the country, especially in the choice of representatives and in
creation of laws.
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Political rights emerged so that people, already protected by civil rights, could participate in
the process of creating laws, directly or by choosing their representatives. It is a set of
rights, which ensure not only a sphere of protection against the State (which are civil rights), but the
possibility of participation within the State, in the drafting of laws.
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Judge the following item as true or false.

The Human Rights established in the Universal Declaration and the fundamental guarantees of Article 5 of the
The Federal Constitution of 1988 has similar content. Therefore, we can affirm that when we deal with
Human rights and fundamental rights, we are addressing the same rights of religious freedom,
right to nationality, freedom of association, and right to political participation.
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True

False
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Although referred to different expressions - Human Rights for the Universal Declaration and rights
fundamental to the Federal Constitution of 1988 - second generation rights have contents
similar, which allow individuals to participate in the political life of the State by choosing their
representatives or being themselves representatives of the people.

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MODULE 4

Question 1
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Brazil has duties regarding Human Rights as outlined in the Universal Declaration. Therefore, in practice
there is the ____________, which means that one cannot create obstacles or prevent the exercise of rights. In
In relation to the right to education, for example, it cannot prevent people from receiving or providing education.

The text refers to:

a. Duty to respect

b. Duty to protect

c. Duty to refrain
d. Duty to promote

e. Right to choose
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The text addresses the duty to respect Human Rights by Brazil, that is, it cannot prevent people from
exercise such rights.
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Collective rights are rights that do not belong to one or another individual, to one or another social minority.
they belong, diffusely, to all humanity in a generalized way.
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The definition brought by the statement refers to diffuse rights. Collective Rights, in turn, are rights
that are not aimed indifferently at any and all people in society, but at any and all people
of society that has certain characteristics capable of justifying a differentiated protection.

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Examples of collective rights are those related to the environment: the protection of water, of
vegetation, soil, and animals.
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True
 False
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The example in the statement refers to diffuse rights because they belong diffuse, generalized, to everyone.
humanity and not specific collective groups that deserve differentiated protection in this case
they would be collective rights.

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To ensure the right to adequate food, States must eradicate hunger and malnutrition and also
they must promote physical and economic access to means for obtaining adequate food for all
the people.
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The right to adequate food consists of the two elements mentioned in the statement: the right to be
free from hunger and malnutrition and the right to have physical and economic access to means to obtain a
adequate nutrition. Therefore, States have the obligation to eradicate hunger and malnutrition and ensure
physical and economic access to food. Therefore, states are obligated to ensure that all people have
access to the minimum and essential amount of food.
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MODULE 5

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The Vienna Declaration of 1993 brought a new interpretation to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
establishing that Human Rights are not indivisible. It also emphasized the rights of solidarity, the
right to peace, development and environmental rights.
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With the consolidation of the UN and its work in the field of civil, political, and economic, social rights
and cultural, the World Conference on Human Rights, held in 1993, resulted in the
Vienna Declaration, which reinforced the indivisibility of Human Rights, which should apply to rights
civil, political, economic, social, and cultural.
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Democracy represents a system of government in which people determine their own systems.
political, economic, social and cultural, with the full participation of people in all aspects of
their lives. The promotion and protection of Human Rights and fundamental freedoms are broad, but
with restrictions.

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True

False
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Democracy is a universal value, based on the free expression of the will of peoples to determine their own
political, economic, social, and cultural systems and their full participation in all aspects of their
lives.
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Regarding the rights of indigenous peoples, the Vienna Declaration recognized the importance of indigenous peoples.
for the development and pluralism of society, but restricted its full and free participation in all
the aspects of social life, declaring them partially incapable.
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True

False
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The Vienna Declaration establishes that States must ensure the full and free participation of peoples.
indigenous people in all aspects of social life, especially on issues that are of their interest. From
According to the Declaration, States must also ensure respect for all Human Rights and
fundamental freedoms of indigenous peoples, based on equality and non-discrimination, recognizing the
value and the diversity of its distinct identities, cultures, and social organizations.
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MODULE 6

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Relate the policies to the situations that highlight facts related to their content.
Basic documentation is a fundamental human right for
the exercise of citizenship that provides access to rights Response 1
social issues such as education, health, and social assistance, being
an important step for the exercise of citizenship.

Slavery is configured when the worker is Response 2

subjected to a tiring process that goes beyond hours
extras and puts your physical integrity at risk, as the interval
between the shifts is insufficient for energy replenishment.
Body composed of eleven independent specialists
(experts), who must have access to the deprivation facilities Response 3
freedom as detention centers, penal establishments,
psychiatric hospitals, elderly care homes, institutions
socio-educational or military disciplinary detention centers.
Establishes concepts, principles, objectives, and lines of action,
contemplating basic education, higher education, Response 4
non-formal education, in addition to the education of Professionals of
Justice and Public Security Systems and Education and Media.

Slavery is defined when an individual is forced Answer 5

to submit to working conditions in which one is exploited, without
the possibility of leaving the place whether due to debts or
for threats and physical or psychological violence.
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The content that refers to basic documentation is a fundamental human right and relates to the
Policy for the civil registration of birth.
The exhausting journey is defined when the worker is subjected to a tiring routine that goes beyond
the overtime hours.
The National Mechanism for the Prevention and Combat of Torture is an agency composed of eleven experts with access to
institutions of deprivation of liberty.
The document that establishes concepts, principles that encompass various levels of formal and non-formal education.
the form is the National Plan for Education in Human Rights.
Forced labor is characterized when an individual is compelled to submit to working conditions in which they are
explored, with no possibility of leaving the place either due to debts or threats and physical violence or
psychological.
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Public policies are actions and programs that may relate to rights provided for in the Constitution.
Federal and must be observed by the rulers when establishing these policies.
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True

False
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Public policies are a set of programs, actions, and activities developed by the State that,
directly or indirectly, seek to ensure a certain right. Public policies must correspond
the rights provided for in the Federal Constitution or that are affirmed thanks to the recognition by
society and/or by public authorities as new rights of individuals and communities.
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When we talk about public policies on Human Rights, it means that the State can promote Rights
Human rights of citizens through the development and implementation of some actions and services
specific measures to ensure access to a portion of your rights.
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True

False
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The State is obligated to respect, protect, and promote Human Rights, observing the following
principles: a) the State cannot be the agent of rights violations. For example, the State cannot interfere
in the lives and intimacy of people, unless there is explicit permission from the law in this regard; b) the
The state must protect the human rights of citizens from violations caused by third parties.
The state is responsible for ensuring that laws are respected and for guaranteeing that individuals, groups or
companies respect the individual and collective rights of each citizen or groups; c) the State must,
effectively promote the Human Rights of citizens through the development and implementation of
public policies. The State must provide universal public goods and services to ensure access for
citizens to their rights. Consequently, public policies in Human Rights are related
directly with the State's obligation to promote rights.
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