National Institute of Technical Professional Training

FINAL PROJECT FOR THE COMPLETION OF THE BASIC OFFICE PROGRAMS COURSE

PprojectIintegrated
Supporters:
Natalia Tejada
Carlos Alberto Jiménez
Ruth Esther
Ana Dolores Mosquea
Pending Partner
Facilitator:
Ramón A. Ramírez.

September 28, 2023

[Link]
The present research project (ABP), to complete the Basic Operations module of
Office Programs; it deals with the idea based on a problem, from the point of view
cognitive, which involves participating in an awareness talk aimed at young adolescents who
are enrolled in the Middle Level of the Dominican formal education system for the current school year 2023-2024
General Gregorio Luperón High School, in the Santo Domingo Este Municipality; regarding the
the topic of computer antivirus programs and their importance; since we all use the internet
diary, with various purposes, we do not escape the risks of being exposed to threats related to
the potential damages of such viruses.

[Link] of thePproblem
Currently, all internet users find ourselves in the need to upload and download.
information of various types, without stopping to think about the great possibility that those
The information we seek is often infected by computer viruses, which leads to a
one moment to another it makes our work collapse, corrupting files; and furthermore, sooner or later,
damaging our operating system; and/or affecting the boot sectors of the hard drives.

Unfortunately, the vast majority of Internet users, both at the level of individuals,
as well as institutions do not have a license for Windows programs, nor for the applications
that run on the same Windows; which constitutes a great disadvantage, because the
computers where those operating systems are installed are very vulnerable to the
threats from viruses; and that is another reason why viruses prevail in executions of the
programs; since the creators of the systems do not guarantee the integrity of the software,
due to the absence of a legal use license agreement.

[Link] andIimportance ofPproblem

As we advance in understanding computer viruses; and applying the tools
effective in containing their effects, the files of our will be safer
computers.

[Link]
Raise awareness among young adolescents enrolled in the secondary level of the formal education system.
Dominican of the current school year 2023-2024 of the General Gregorio Luperón High School, in the Santo Municipality
This Sunday, about the importance of knowing about antivirus software and its significance.
[Link] ofPproject

BUDGET OF ACTIVITY
GROUP NO. 3

Amount Amount
can't Description Cost Difference
Dear Real
TOOLS AND SUPPORT EQUIPMENT (REQUIREMENTS) -
-
1 AUDIOVISUAL SOUND EQUIPMENT $ 2,500.00 $2,500.00 $ 2,000.00 $ -500.00
1 PROJECTOR $ 1,500.00 $1,500.00 $ 1,500.00 $0.00
1 BASIC REQUIREMENTS $500.00 $500.00 $ 500.00 $0.00
Subtotals $ 4,500.00 $ 4,000.00 -$500.00
REFRIGERATOR AND/OR LUNCH ARTICLES -
1 FILTERED COFFEE $500.00 $ 500.00 $ 500.00 $0.00
120 PASTRIES $20.00 $ 2,400.00 $ 2,400.00 $ 0.00
130 CHICKEN CROQUETTES $ 40.00 $ 5,200.00 $ 5,200.00 $0.00
120 FRUIT COCKTAIL $25.00 $3,000.00 $ 3,000.00 $0.00
10 WATER BOTTLES $30.00 $ 300.00 $ 300.00 $0.00
DISPOSABLES $500.00 $ 2,000.00 $2,000.00 $0.00
140CROISSANT $28.00 $ 3,920.00 $3,920.00 $0.00
COOKIES $ 1,000.00 $ 1,000.00 $ 1,000.00 0.00
1DESSERTS $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $0.00
120JUGO FRUIT TOP 500ML $20.00 $ 2,400.00 $ 2,400.00 $0.00
Subtotals $ 22,720.00 $ 22,720.00 0.00
COMPENSATIONS AND UNFORESEEN EVENTS
1ADMINISTRATIVE RESERVE 2,500.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $0.00
COMPENSATION TO CHARLIST $5,000.00 $ 5,000.00 $5,000.00 $0.00
1OTHERS $ 2,000.00 $ 2,000.00 $2,000.00 $ 0.00
Subtotals $ 9,500.00 $ 9,500.00 $0.00
Grand total Activity $ 36,720.00 $ 36,220.00 -$ 500.00
 SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES
GROUP NO. 3

PHASE / CHAPTERS HOUR / TIME Responsible(s)

THEME (min)
TOPIC: COMPUTER VIRUSES
START / 09:30 A.M.
Chapter 1 History of computer viruses 20 Natalia
MINUTES
Chapter 2 Background of Antivirus programs 20 Natalia
MINUTES
Chapter 3 Antivirus/malware software and/or 20 Carlos
Firewall MINUTES
BREAK / 10:30 A.M.

Chapter 4 Antivirus software updates 20 Carlos

MINUTES
Chapter 5 Executions of antivirus analysis and their 20 Ruth Esther
types MINUTES
Chapter 6 Network Protection. 20 Ruth Esther
MINUTES
LUNCH / 12:00 P.M.

Chapter 7 Types of computer antivirus 20 Loren

MINUTES
Chapter 8 How to remove computer viruses 20 Loren
MINUTES
Chapter 9 Periodic Backups 20 Natalia
MINUTES
2:30

Chapter 10 Free antivirus 20 Carlos

MINUTES
Chapter 11 Characteristics of computer viruses 20 *
MINUTES
Chapter 12 Operating mode of antivirus 20 *
MINUTES
CLOSING / 03:30 P.M.
[Link] orCconceptual

COMPUTER ANTIVIRUSES

1. HISTORY OF COMPUTER ANTIVIRUS

The origin of the 'computer virus' dates back to the 1960s, when they began to be used.
the first personal computers at home and in businesses.

The first computer viruses were very simple programs that propagated by copying themselves.
of infected files on disks and external storage devices. That is to say, they were not so
aggressive like those we know today, but it was enough to call them viruses and take this for granted
issues that would later become consolidated.

Yes, 1966. The first virus was conceived in 1966 by the Hungarian scientist John von Neumann, when
published "Theory of the self-replicating automaton." Although it was not a functional virus,
naturally, the essay suggested that computers, an extremely new and little-known technology
manageable that developed rapidly in wartime, would begin to reflect the nervous system
humans if they continued to grow.

The first malicious codes

It was also inevitable that the first malware would soon emerge. In 1986, it appeared
Brain, a virus created by two Pakistani brothers whose purpose was to punish users of
IBM computers that installed a pirated copy of software developed by them. However,
The effects of Brain were mild and the virus included the contact information of its authors so that the
affected could contact them and request a cure. Spreading through diskettes, Brain reached
international diffusion, sparking the birth of the first antivirus companies.

The first virus

The first of many, it was developed by a man named Bob Thomas who worked for the
BBN Technologies, as a demonstration of mobile applications: software that could
automatically jump between computers on a network.

The infected computer displayed the message "I'M THE CREEPER: CATCH ME IF YOU CAN"
(I'm Creeper: catch me if you can), but the virus did not cause any damage to the system. What it did do
was to analyze if there was another computer to jump to, in which case he did. Later, a colleague of Thomas,
Ray Tomlinson decided to update Creeper so that it not only moved automatically but also
also that it would self-replicate and leave a copy of itself on a computer before moving on to
next. But old Ray was not going to allow his new creation to roam freely: for
to counter it, he invented another virus, THE REAPER, whose only purpose was to find teams
infected with Creeper and eliminate the virus. Therefore, Ray Tomlinson is the father of both the first virus
modern like the first antivirus.

The first virus recorded in the open field

Elk Cloner, Like most viruses before the rise of the Internet, the only way to
To 'get infected' with Elk Cloner was to insert an infected floppy disk, usually from some game.
the virus infected the main computer and any other floppy disk inserted, in order to spread.
what was worse, when the game infected was restarted for the fiftieth time, the screen was stuck on
white and this message appeared: The program with personality. It will sneak into all your disks. It
It will infiltrate your chips. Yes, it's a cloner! It will stick to you like a limpet. It also modifies the RAM.
Send the Cloner!)

The Vienna virus

The first to cause problems, when infecting a device, damaged the data and destroyed
files, apparently for no other reason than to cause problems and troubles for device users
DOS. It was one of the many viruses of that time, but it became such a problem that, in 1987,
Rolf Burger, a computer scientist and writer, commissioned his colleague Brend Fix to find a way to
neutralize it. Fortunately, the hardworking Fix lived up to his last name ('Fix' means 'to fix') and
solved the problem by creating the world's first dedicated antivirus software, capable of detecting and
destroy Vienna before it could cause any harm.

Michelangelo
In 1992, this virus was unleashed. This virus was a destructive worm that spread to others.
discs inserted into the device, but otherwise it remained dormant and undetectable. Without
embargo, upon reaching March 6, the birthday of the painter Michelangelo, from whom he took the name, he
activated and completely destroyed any infected computer. Although Michelangelo had nothing to
it would actually make it special, soon it was discovered that some computer and software manufacturers
they had accidentally sent products with the pre-installed virus.

Manner and place of infection

Viruses spread massively, in their beginnings, through floppy disks and then,
small proportion per CD, being the medium of propagation par excellence camouflaged among data,
Internet programs and messages; since email accounts for 90% of cases of
infection, reaching later up to 99%.

Some viruses infected the boot sector registry of floppy disks and hard drives. Others go
embedded within programs, they are inside files with extensions .com, .exe, .bat, .sys, .ovl,
.dll, .drv, .bin, which when called by the system or opened manually activate and propagate.
2. BACKGROUND OF ANTIVIRUS PROGRAMS

Antivirus software was created as a simple tool aimed at detecting and removing viruses.
computer scientists, during the 1980s. Over time, the emergence of systems
more advanced operations the internet, antivirus programs have evolved into more advanced programs
that not only seek to detect a computer virus, but also to block it to prevent an infection by the
the same, as they are now capable of recognizing other types of malware, such as spyware,
rootkits, etc.

How antivirus programs work

The operation of an antivirus varies from one to another, although its normal behavior is based on
to have a list of known viruses and their recognition methods (the so-called signatures or vaccines),
and analyze against that list the files stored or transmitted to and from a computer.
Additionally, many current antivirus programs have incorporated proactive detection features, which
they do not rely on a list of known malware, but rather analyze the behavior of the files or
communications to detect which are potentially harmful to the computer, using techniques such as
Heuristic, HIPS, etc.

Usually, an antivirus has one (or several) resident components in memory that are responsible for
analyze and verify all opened, created, modified, executed, and transmitted files in
real time, that is, while the computer is in use. They also have a component of
analysis under demand (the known scanners, explorers, etc.), and email protection modules
electronic, Internet, etc. The primary objective of any current antivirus is to detect the greatest
number of cyber threats that can affect a computer and block them before they occur
can infect a device, or be able to remove it after the infection.

The first antivirus created was Reaper in 1972, with the sole purpose of attacking the virus.
called Creeper network.

The globalization of computers and the arrival of the Internet exponentially raised the attacks.
computer scientists. However, current antivirus programs have databases capable of attacking an infinity
of viruses launched on the network.

Evolution

Over time, the Internet has caused antivirus software to evolve into more advanced programs.
advanced tools that not only seek to detect computer viruses but also to block them, disinfect them, and prevent
an infection from them, and now they are already capable of recognizing other types of malware, such as
spyware, rootkits, etc. Each antivirus can plan the defense in a way, that is, an antivirus
It can perform a full scan, a quick scan, or a vulnerability scan as chosen by the user.
 • 1990-2000: The era of macro viruses and computer worms

• 2000-2010: The emergence of online antivirus and the evolution of trojans

• 2010-2020: The emergence of cloud antivirus and the fight against mobile malware

• 2020-present: The evolution of antivirus software in the era of artificial intelligence

Antiviruses must evolve as new viruses appear or the old ones.

they evolve. There are many "brands" and types of antivirus; however, you should not fall solely into the
marketing they do, but you should know them better.

3. ANTIVIRUS / MALWARE SOFTWARE AND/OR FIREWALLS

General Concepts about Antivirus

Definition

An antivirus is a type of software that is used to prevent, search for, detect, and eliminate viruses.
a computer. Once installed, most antivirus software runs automatically
in the background to provide real-time protection against virus attacks.

Comprehensive antivirus protection programs help safeguard your files and hardware.
from malware, such as worms, trojans, and spyware, and can also offer additional protection,
as customizable protection barriers (firewalls) and website blocking.

Antivirus programs and computer protection software are designed to

evaluate data, such as web pages, files, software, and applications, in order to find and eradicate
malware as soon as possible.

Most of them provide real-time protection, which allows you to safeguard your devices from
incoming threats scan your entire computer regularly to find known threats
and provide automatic updates, and identify, block, and eliminate malicious codes and software.

Due to the fact that several activities are currently carried out online and new threats are emerging.
Continuously, it is more important than ever to install an antivirus protection program.
Fortunately, there is currently a great number of excellent products on the market for
choose.
How does an antivirus work?

An antivirus software begins by comparing your files and software programs with a database.
of known types of malware data. Since new viruses are created and distributed
constantly by hackers; they will scan computers for the possibility of new types
of threats from malicious programs.

Generally, most programs will use three different detection devices:

specific detection, which identifies known malware; generic detection, which looks for parts or
known types of malware, or patterns that are related due to a common codebase; and
heuristic detection, which scans unknown viruses by identifying file structures
known suspects. When the program finds a file that contains a virus, it usually
it quarantines and/or separates it for elimination, which makes it inaccessible and allows for its removal
risk of your device.

4. ANTIVIRUS SOFTWARE UPDATES

What is an antivirus update?

Almost all the best antivirus programs currently in existence require updates.
They are basically small improvements that developers are making to the software.

So that you don't have to download and install everything again, software companies
cybersecurity offers a quick update from the same program. Making improvements that
They can range from the array of bugs and failures to the sum of different tools, different features and
new features.

This type of action is becoming increasingly necessary, considering statistics such as the
What the company Kapersky reveals. This bulletin states that during 2022, 15.37% of the
Computers of Internet users around the world suffered at least one malware attack.
Really high percentage.
How often should antivirus be updated?

We can say that there is not really a single answer to this question. It all depends on the
software we are using, the number of updates it generates, and the importance
of the same. Still, we can say that performing an antivirus update every three
Months, it's a good time.

Likewise, our recommendation is to always be attentive to what the program itself will
offering. Each one has different needs and different amounts of updates. In this way,
being able to read the pop-ups that appear is always a good idea. We must remember that if we have the
antivirus deactivated, these notifications will never appear.

How to update an antivirus?

This will also depend on the antivirus we are using, but there is always a
Generally, antivirus programs have a section dedicated to updating the database.
of your program.

The most normal thing, if we have an internet connection, is that the antivirus updates itself.
we see that this does not happen, if no type of notification comes out, you have to go to its menu and see the
icon that says updates. Once there, we will be able to click and install the latest available.
How to update Windows antivirus

In the case of Windows 10, a system that has its own antivirus, we can update it in a way
really simple. To do it manually, we will have to go to Settings > Update and
security > Windows Update. Then, we click directly on the button that says search.
updates. Once that process is completed, it will show whether it is already updated, or what are the
available.

How to update Avast?

First, we simply need to click on the avast icon, once the window opens.
First, we will open the general menu in the upper right corner. When we do that, this will open.
menu.

Once we click on options, we need to go directly to the updates option.

Which will be among the options that are displayed.

When we click, we are already inside what is the option dedicated to performing a
antivirus update. There we will see if we have the latest version, which is most likely if
we have a stable internet connection. If we do not have it, once the latest version is found it
the update will be performed automatically.

The Kaspersky antivirus update is really simple and straightforward. This is due to the fact that its
creators have done everything so that their update is automatic and direct. If you have a
license, Kaspersky Antivirus will detect what is the latest version and will do it automatically.
5. EXECUTIONS OF ANTIVIRUS ANALYSIS AND THEIR TYPES

Antivirus analysis executions

In an era when malware abounds (email viruses and dubious websites that
can infect your computer), the first step to building a solid defense is to choose a solution
antivirus for your computer and learn how to get the most out of it.

What does a virus analysis do?

A good antivirus product has tools

that will help you schedule the periodic execution of a
automatic virus analysis that runs automatically. This
will monitor your system and check if viruses have entered by
email attachments or through actions on
your browser, like when you click on download links.
It will create log reports that will inform you about what
it has been found and, if possible, will try to repair any
damage that the virus may have caused. A protection product
the full antivirus will automatically download and install the latest virus definitions before
perform an analysis. This action will ensure your protection from all known Internet threats
so far. This proactive protection helps recognize malicious behaviors that may be
signal of an attempt to infect the computer and neutralizes it from the start.

Tips for conducting a virus analysis

One of the current issues related to malware is its persistence. In the past, viruses
IT professionals discovered and cleaned malware, and that was it. Nowadays, malware is
persistent: it is capable of hiding in startup records or services, as well as reinfecting the
computer when restarting if the malware is not completely eradicated. Therefore, part of the process of
executing an analysis is being prepared to tackle persistent malware and understand how
to combat it in the best way possible. With this in mind, we present to you some tips that you should consider.
keep in mind:

• Start by backing up the files on your computer. It is recommended.

create a scheduled backup periodically so that, in case you get infected by a
especially destructive virus, you should have a clean backup to fall back on. That said, you must
always clean your backup files by running a virus scan before
restore them.

• If you are evaluating antivirus product options, you can start by downloading software.
free trial antivirus. A free trial version can give you enough time to
get familiar with the tools and the level of protection that the product offers.

• Before installation, perform a critical analysis of the main components of the system.
such as the registry and startup services. If a problem is found, follow all the steps to
remove it entirely before attempting to complete the installation of the antivirus software. If the
the computer is already compromised, many antivirus products cannot be installed or updated
until you completely remove the malware. The best programs analyze the critical components
of the system at the time of the initial download and remove any malware before installing the
software.

• Prepare to disable the Internet connection if your device has been compromised. This
step prevents any malware on your computer from communicating with a remote system that could
further disturb the system.

• Once the system is completely clean and uncompromised, install the software.
antivirus. Check that all security updates are downloaded and run a scan
of the complete virus. The antivirus will scan the hard drives, removable media, the memory
of the system, the email, etc., in search of viruses.

• Before restoring the data from the backup, run a virus scan to
clean them.

• Make sure to manage the settings. Don't limit yourself to just one comprehensive analysis: set up also
automatic virus analysis for the future. It is important to maintain an analysis schedule
regularly to ensure that your computer is always protected.

• Periodically review the analysis reports. It is tedious to read the results of an analysis.
but reports are a good source of information about vulnerability and viruses. Follow the
instructions provided to you for managing or deleting the quarantined items.

Types

o Full scan of an antivirus

The first of the types, and the recommended one in the majority of
the occasions, it is the complete scan. As its name indicates, this
it is the most comprehensive type of scan that antivirus programs offer us,
that will analyze absolutely all the components of our
computer, like all hard drives, the processes running
in the RAM, the backups, the processes that are started
with the computer and the Windows registry entries.
 Complete scans are recommended to analyze our computer periodically.
(for example, every two weeks), and we must schedule them for when we have time ahead, since
they tend to be slow and can take several hours. However, they are the best way to
to ensure that our computer is completely free of malware.

o Quick scan of an antivirus

The second type of scan that we can find in a

antivirus is the quick scan. Unlike the previous one, this one is much
faster, but only analyzes the most critical elements of the system,
as:

• The files and folders that are most often infected.

• The processes and threads in execution.

• The RAM.

• The startup folders of Windows.

• The registry.

Instead of analyzing all the files on our hard drives, just analyze the directories.
commonly infected by malware, but it does not analyze all the files one by one as it does
full scan, being useful for daily use, but not a substitute for complete analysis.

o Custom analysis of an antivirus

As an alternative option to the previous two, antivirus programs usually

offer us a type of personalized scan. When we select this
option, this will ask us for the elements we want to analyze, being able to
mark the elements that we want or do not want to analyze. In this way
In this way, we can choose, for example, to analyze only one directory, or that
analyze only one of the partitions that we have in our system.
If we want a more comprehensive analysis that is quicker than the full analysis but takes less time than the full analysis
complete from our computer, this is the best option, being able to choose what we want
analyze.
6. NETWORK PROTECTION.
7. TYPES OF COMPUTER ANTIVIRUS

Types of Antivirus

We talked about the importance of knowing computer viruses and protecting oneself with antivirus.
suitable. But what types of antivirus exist? For day-to-day life, it is essential to invest in a good
protection, both at the level of home users and businesses. If you want to be covered against
possible viruses, trojans, worms or malware, this interests you. Discover the different types of antivirus
what is currently on the market:

Do you know the types of antivirus?

When it comes to talking about antivirus, we have different options:

Antivirus protectors

Identifiers

Decontaminants.

Antivirus preventers.

As the word itself indicates, these are the antivirus that warn before the possible virus infects.
a team. It is located in the memory of the device and monitors user activity. For example, the
The most common case is when it warns us that we are about to execute a malicious file or
unreliable source.

Antivirus identifiers

There are also identifier-type antivirus. In this case, it refers to one that is capable of
identify infectious programs that can damage the system. Furthermore, they even track sequences of
codes related to the virus.

Decontaminating antivirus:

The decontaminants or decontaminators are similar to the previous ones. However, they
they are characterized by removing the malicious programs found in the system, in order to decontaminate it
infected equipment. That is, it analyzes for infections and, if it finds something malicious, it alerts you to
its elimination.

Although there are specific antivirus for each type, we also have antivirus solutions.
complete, which are very advanced protection suites.

Different antivirus programs and their features

What types of antivirus do we currently find? Here are some of the most recognized:

#1 Norton, total protection. With more than 30 years in the market, Norton Antivirus is one of the
bestsellers. It is very famous and has a very advanced security package, even for homes.
connected, with parental control and many more features. It is a safe bet to protect the
equipment for domestic or business use.

Bitdefender, protection against ransomware + free VPN. In the case of the antivirus
Bitdefender Total Security provides us with great protection against viruses and malware.
It is complete to the point that it also protects us from ransomware and includes free VPN. In addition,
it offers a fantastic value for money and is compatible with Linux, Windows, and Mac.

#3 Panda, very complete also for mobile. With years of experience in the market, the antivirus
Panda protects us from all cyber threats. In terms of compatibility, we can only
run it on Windows, macOS, and Android. But it does come with VPN, parental control, and antivirus program
on USB. The malware scanner for Android is another must.

#4 McAfee LifeSafe, license for up to 100 devices. The coffee antivirus is another one of the most
popular and stands out for being a pioneer in offering protection for a hundred devices at the same time. It is a package
with superior protection against malware on Android or Windows. However, it should be mentioned that the
parental control function is not as advanced as in the case of other antivirus. but we do love it.
possibility of the True Key password manager.
 #5 Malwarebytes Anti-Malware, goodbye to malware. This other antivirus from 'Malwarebytes
Anti-Malware is of a disinfectant type, as it analyzes and deletes all the malicious content you have in it.
system. It always finds something! For what it is, without a doubt, one of the best examples of
antivirus decontaminators.

As can be seen, there are different types of antivirus and they can be really
complementary for the same team. That's why it's important to choose the one that best fits our
needs, depending on the type of protection we are looking for. But you can even try one and
jump to another if you are not convinced.

What is important is to choose complete protection as offered by antivirus programs.

main ones, which perform the 3 functions of preventing, identifying, and deleting. It is an investment in our
security, as well as investing in cloud backups so that we can rescue
data is always compromised.

Backups + antivirus = guaranteed protection. At Copia Nube we recommend

invest not only in a good antivirus for your computer or mobile phone, but you also need to
follow good practices in day-to-day life to avoid downloading and/or executing a virus. But with this
protection, if that were to happen, you would be protected. Any of the antivirus programs we mentioned is capable of
identify malicious code and notify you before executing it.

If you add appropriate antivirus protection software to this knowledge and a

online backup copy tool like the ones we offer at Copia Nube, you will have all your
covered needs and you will gain security. You will always have a plan B for unforeseen events.

The Firewalls

In computing, a firewall (from the original English term firewall) is the part of a system
computer or a computer network that is designed to block unauthorized access, allowing
authorized communications at the same time.

Firewalls can be implemented in hardware or software, or in a combination of both.

both. Firewalls are commonly used to prevent other Internet users from
authorized individuals have access to private networks connected to the Internet. They usually act as a
inspection body that verifies the connections that are established between a network and a local device.
A firewall regulates, therefore, the communication between both to protect the computer against
malicious programs or other dangers of the Internet. All messages that enter or exit from the
intranet passes through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not comply
the specified security criteria. It is also common to connect the firewall to a third network,
called demilitarized zone or DMZ, where the organization's servers are located that must be
remain accessible from the external network.

A properly configured firewall adds necessary protection to the network, but that in
No case should be considered sufficient. Computer security covers more areas and more levels of
work and protection against viruses, malware, among other threats.

8. HOW TO REMOVE COMPUTER VIRUSES

If you have a virus or other type of malware on your laptop or desktop, the following steps
they will help you find viruses and get rid of malware immediately.

1. Download and install antivirus software

There are two types of antivirus software capable of detecting and removing malware and viruses.
IT professionals: in real time and on demand. A real-time malware analyzer searches for viruses in
background while using the equipment. An on-demand analyzer, like Microsoft
Defender must be turned on every time you want to check for malware.

To obtain complete protection against viruses and malware, especially against threats
new and emerging, install real-time malware analysis and removal software, such as AVG
Antivirus FREE. AVG offers more powerful protection than the standard tools available.
PC manufacturers, whether it's a laptop or a desktop.

2. Run an antivirus scan

After installing the antivirus software, you should scan the computer for malware.
running a full virus scan. A complete analyzer like AVG will search your computer
any malicious code that is hidden in Windows and will get rid of it. Open your antivirus application and
select Run smart analysis. If you have AVG Antivirus, you can easily configure it to
automatically scan your laptop for malware.
3. Remove or quarantine the infected files

After analyzing the PC, your antivirus software will notify you if any malware is found. Follow
the steps to eliminate the virus or quarantine any infected file.

4. Restart your computer

After removing the infected files from quarantine, restart your computer. The infection of
the malware from your laptop will have disappeared.

More virus removal options

If the previous steps do not get rid of the infection, you will need to scan your computer.
more in depth in case it has a type of malware, such as a trojan or adware, designed to hide in it
deeper into their system.

Enter safe mode

First, restart your computer in Safe Mode. Safe Mode only runs the basic settings.
Windows startup, such as the necessary files, programs, and drivers.

To enter safe mode in Windows 10 or Windows 11, hold down the Shift key.
while selecting Start/Shutdown > Restart. After restarting the computer, select Troubleshoot
problems > Advanced options > Startup settings. Then click Restart
new. After your laptop or desktop restarts, select 4 (or F4) to enter
in Safe Mode.

Delete temporary files

Subsequently, delete the temporary files to remove the applications or programs.

malicious files that have been downloaded recently and may have caused the malware infection.

The following explains how to delete temporary files in Windows 10 or Windows 11

while in safe mode.

Start typing Disk Cleanup in the search box on the taskbar

from Windows and select it when it appears. Then, select the drive where you want to
delete the temporary files. Scroll through the list of files to delete and check the box
located next to Temporary Files. Next, click on Accept.
Deleting temporary files in Safe Mode to help remove viruses from your PC.

The deletion of temporary files will eliminate any malware that has entered.
recently in the system and can also help speed up the equipment.

Schedule an analysis on startup

If you cannot get rid of the virus after deleting your temporary files, the malware could
be programmed to start acting when the equipment is turned on. In that case, it must execute a
analysis at the start of the virus.

A boot analysis is an advanced antivirus function designed to eradicate malware in

the level of the system, before the operating system and other programs start.
9. PERIODIC BACKUPS
10. FREE ANTIVIRUS

• Avast Free Antivirus:

It is the one that performs intelligent automatic analyses of software, files, and applications.
from the computer, in addition to examining suspicious files to alert of possible dangers. It offers
protection on the network, even when the user connects to public Wi-Fi networks, and also while
browse, use email or work online

• Malwarebytes Anti-Malware Free:

Initially known as a free malware and virus detector, its features have
extended to find potentially unwanted programs that may slow down the computer.
Provides real-time protection based on artificial intelligence and machine learning for
keep the device safe from online threats and is able to block scams, infected sites and
malicious links.

• AVG Antivirus free: Compatible only with Windows devices:

This antivirus stands out for its ease of installation and for incorporating the tools
necessary to increase the security of the equipment, with its main function being to seek and eliminate the
malicious files found on the hard drive. It is also capable of detecting viruses, spyware,
malware, or ransomware, among other types of harmful software, and has a tool called
LinkScanner that is responsible for blocking unsafe links, downloads, and attachments that
come from emails.

• Kaspersky Security Cloud Free:

The popular antivirus manufacturer offers a free version available for Windows, iOS and
Android. Among its features, it allows you to store and secure passwords and private documents and it
responsible for encrypting online incoming and outgoing data with VPN. Automatically analyzes the information
in real time to detect potential threats and protect any device: computers, tablets or
smartphones. Its dual function, as a cleaner and analyzer, also facilitates defense against viruses,
infected files, applications and suspicious sites; and is prepared to minimally affect the
work speed of the team.
• Microsoft Windows Defender:

Among the most recommended free programs to protect the computer is

Microsoft security tool, whose main function is to detect, quarantine and
eliminate malicious programs in Windows that act against malware, spyware, and viruses. Installed
by default on computers with this operating system, works in the background to not hinder the
user management and is hosted in the cloud, so it does not interfere with system performance.

• Bitdefender Antivirus Free:

Its version for Windows offers protection against virtually any attack (Ransomware,
Cryptojacking, phishing, malware, trojans, etc.) and, when running in the background, does not interfere with the
user work. It includes live technical support service and thanks to its monitoring
constant, which allows it to learn the specific pattern of each computer, isolates at the moment any
suspicious change in real time.

How do I get a free antivirus?

• Search online: use your web browser to look for free antivirus. You can find
popular options such as downloading TotalAV, Avast, AVG and more.

• Visit the official website: enter the official website of the antivirus you want to download.

• Select the download option: on the website, look for the link or button that says 'Download' to
the free version of the antivirus.

• Download and installation: click on the download link and follow the instructions to download
the installation file. Once downloaded, run the file to start the antivirus installation
on your device.

• Configure and scan: follow the on-screen instructions to complete the installation. After
From the installation, configure the antivirus according to your preferences and perform a full scan of your system.
device to detect and eliminate potential threats.

Choosing the right antivirus is essential for enjoying protection and security.
12. MODE OF OPERATION OF ANTIVIRUSES
[Link] ofDacts and Presentation of

Rresults

In this research, we make use of the collaborative learning method, through which we participate
from start to finish, all group members interacting with each other, in pursuit of the results that
we hope, through the planning, implementation, and study of results of delivering the talk on the
topic in question of the PBL.

In addition, the techniques used are the following:

Bibliographic compilation through the web.
Two brief questionnaires, both at the beginning and at the end of the talk.

PRE-TEST TALK
(Before the Start of the Talk Activity)

No. Initial Assessment Criteria (Level of Prior Knowledge of the Student) YES NO
1 Do you usually download games from the INTERNET?
2 Do you usually download classes from the INTERNET?
3 Have you heard about the computer antivirus programs at this school?
4 Do you know any antivirus program?
5 Have you had bad experience(s) because of the effects of computer viruses?
6 Do you know how to protect yourself from computer viruses?

POST-TEST TALK
(After the Talk Activity is finished)

No. FINAL Evaluation Criteria (Degree of Satisfaction and Learning) YES NO

1 According to your perception, was the talk helpful?
2 Did you find it easy to understand the topic of viruses in the talk?
3 Do you think you will be able to defend yourself against viruses better from now on?
4 Would you recommend your friends to use antivirus?
5 Would you like to continue learning more about antivirus programs?
 Table No. 1
Results about the PRE-TEST
Initial Evaluation Criterion (Degree of Prior Knowledge of the Student) YES NO
Do you usually download games from the INTERNET? 100 20
Do you usually download classes from the INTERNET? 90 30
Have you heard about the antivirus programs in this school? 10 110
Do you know any antivirus software? 15 105
Have you had bad experience(s) due to the effects of computer viruses? 0 120
Do you know how to protect yourself from computer viruses? 5 115

Do you usually download games from the

INTERNET?
0; 0% 5; 2%
10; 5%
15; 7% Do you usually download classes from the
INTERNET?

100; 45%
Have you heard about the programs?
computer antivirus in this school?

90; 41% Do you know any antivirus programs?

Have you had bad experience(s) because of the

effects of computer viruses?

Do you know how to protect yourself from viruses?

computer scientists?
 Table No. 2
Results about the POST-TEST
FINAL Evaluation Criteria (Degree of Prior Knowledge of the Student) YES NO
According to your perception, was the talk useful? 117 3
Did you find it easy to understand the topic of viruses in the talk? 109 11
Do you think you will be able to defend yourself against viruses better from now on? 24 96
Would you recommend your friends to use antivirus? 105 15
Would you like to keep learning more about antivirus programs? 112 8

8; 6%3; 2%11; 8%
According to your perception, was it useful the
15; 12% chat?
Did you find it easy to understand the topic of the
virus in the chat?
Do you think you will be able to defend yourself against viruses

better from now on?

Would you recommend your friends to use
antivirus?
Would you like to keep learning more about the
antivirus programs?
96; 72%
[Link] Rrecommendations

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