Understanding Cylinder Head Functionality
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Cylinder Head Functionality
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsIntroduction
ENGINE HEAD
The cylinder head, cylinder lid, engine head, or cylinder block cover is the
top part of an internal combustion engine that allows for the closing of the
combustion chambers.
There have been several explosions with the configurations of the buttstock,
depending on the type of engine, with the simplest being the two-stroke engine
air-cooled (Fig. 4 Morini cylinder head of a scooter) where it is literally
the cylinder head pierced by the threaded hole for the spark plug and that by a
on its sides it has the cooling fins that seek a larger surface
in contact with the refrigerant element which is the air.
The old water-cooled engines with valves in the block are
also simply the cylinder head forming the chamber of
combustion, presenting the difference of being a hollow cast piece that
Inside it carries the coolant which is water. The heads of
the engines are very different in terms of material compared to the
monoblock.
Subsequently, to increase the engine efficiency, the designers were
locating in the cylinder head the valves and the rocker arm train that actuate them to
allow the entry and exit of gases to the combustion chamber and in
consequence also the openings or ducts for the conduction of said gases.
More recently, the camshafts were relocated from the block to
set up today's complex component.
If the internal combustion engine is of the spark-ignition type (Otto engine), it has
threaded holes where the spark plugs are located. In case of being ignition by
compression (diesel engine) instead features the holes for the injectors.
The receiver is made of cast iron, aluminum, or lightweight alloy and is joined
to the engine block using screws and a gasket: the head gasket. It is constructed
with these elements because the cooling system must be fast, and these
elements cool down quickly.
When the cylinder head is damaged, it emits a sound similar to a light tapping and
a little strong in the head. It's not the buses or the aim. When the engine
it has the correct oil levels, the bearings and pushrods make a sound
similar to a continuous but very light and silent tapping.
General Objective
Develop a concept about the Cylinder Head in order to understand it more deeply.
functioning and how important it is in the engine.
Specific Objective
Knowing what the Cylinder Head is.
Operation of the Cylinder Head in the engine.
The Butt and its parts.
Types of Cylinder Head.
Cylinder Head Failures
HEAD
The cylinder head is the upper part of the engine that sits on top of the engine block.
The base is made up of various materials which are cast iron or
Aluminum.
The function of the Cylinder Head is to seal the cylinders at the top of a
combustion engine to prevent compression loss. Also in
Some cases have the function of housing the camshaft or the shaft.
of levers, intake and exhaust valves, and water ducts for the
cooling of this, and the spark plugs in Otto engines (gasoline engines).
OPERATION OF THE CYLINDER HEAD IN THE ENGINE
CYLINDERS IN AIR-COOLED ENGINES
Generally, castings are used of
light material, with alloys that give it
allow for high resistance
mechanics and excellent dissipation of
heat.
These heads are cast with great
accuracy and only require a
machined at the adjustment sites, such as
the holes of the guides and seats
of the valve, threaded holes for the
spark plugs, also of the flat surface,
the housing of the cam shaft and of the
thrusters; in the case that these
last ones are in the butt.
CYLINDERS FOR WATER-COOLED ENGINES
For water-cooled engines, the
casting is more complex, because
It has the circulation ducts
from the refrigerant. Previously, they were
cast iron or foundry construction
gray. In these buttstocks, due to their greater
complexity, requires a
important machining process, in
special for hosting the elements
mobile components that go in it, such as valve guides, seats, supports and
housings of the camshafts, rocker arms, propellers, and housings
for the injectors in the case of Diesel engines.
THE BUTT AND ITS PARTS
Combustion Chamber: It is the
space of the engines of
internal combustion where it has
place the combustion of the mixture of
air and fuel.
Camshaft: It is the element
in charge of opening and closing the
valves, according to the engine timing
in each piston. It is also called
Camshaft.
Valve Closing Spring: It is
the person in charge of closing the valves
of escape this has a figure of
resort.
Rockers and Rocker Axles:
This is the person in charge of opening the
intake valves.
Pushers: In some cases
like OHB engines (a shaft of
you have mounted on the stock), they have
pushers since the tree of
you carry the impulses so that this
push the rocker arms and open the
intake valves.
Valves: It is the valve of
admission that allows the
air/fuel intake and the
the escape valve opens to
release the burned gases.
Head Gasket: The
cylinder head gasket usually
it is made of graphite, currently they are made of
metal.
Seal between the lines of lubricant and
cooling between the head and the
block. They prevent compression leakage
between the cylinder head and the engine block.
TYPES OF CULATS
There are two types of cylinder heads
OTTO CYLINDER HEAD (GASOLINE):
The Otto cylinder head is identified because it has the combustion chamber in the
The buttocks are deep.
DIESEL HEAD:
The Diesel head differs from the Otto head because it is flat and its
The combustion chamber is located in the engine block.
CYLINDER HEAD FAILURES
Bent head or with irregular seating surface:
• Irregular fastening to the block.
• Excessive heating.
• Burnt joint.
• Broken spring in the buttstock.
The engine loses power:
• Leaks in the cylinder head.
• Burned joint.
• Loss of comprehension due to faulty valves.
The engine knocks:
• Excess soot.
• Loose head.
The escape valve gets stuck in its open position:
• Failures in the corresponding cylinder.
• The rockers float between the cam and the push rod.
• The valve has resin buildup left by the fuel.
• Prolonged operation in vacuum.
• There is a bend in the spike (push rod or shaft).
Burnt valves:
• Eccentricity of the valve face or the seat.
• Irregular escape temperatures.
• Carbon particles on the seat and the face of the valve.
• Deficient play between the push bar and the seesaw.
• Poor fit between the valve cup and the impeller.
• The valve seat is defective.
• Excessive adaptation with a grinder.
• Faulty closed valve.
• Bent or twisted stem.
How to seal a leak in a cylinder head gasket?
A leaking head gasket can be a serious problem, it's better to seal it.
flee as soon as you notice it with a motor block sealant to prevent
major damage. Sodium silicate is the main ingredient of the sealant
blocks. This is a liquid that transforms into glass when it dries and fills
the crack in the joint. The engine block sealant is a temporary solution
economic but effective.