Standard Penetration Test (SPT) Guide
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ScribdTranslationsStandard Penetration Test (SPT) Guide
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ScribdTranslationsNATIONAL UNIVERSITY SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
STANDARD PENETRATION TEST (SPT).
GENERALITIES
The method commonly used in the process of exploring works
verticals, which is called Standard Penetration Test (SPT), by
which gives the number of blows per foot of penetration (N), with which
the admissible load capacity of the soil can be determined at different
depths.
The method allows for continuously obtaining altered samples, which
they are moved to the laboratory to carry out the basic classification tests,
Thus, the stratigraphic sequence of the study site can be defined.
The permissible load capacity can be calculated from 'N', using
any of the fully studied theories or by empirical formulas,
Also, to carry out the calculation, the type of soil found must be considered.
in the exploration.
In addition to the permissible load capacity (permissible soil pressure), the
field information, laboratory results and the calculations that
they allow us to define the type of foundation and the level of deployment of the
foundation.
OBJECTIVE
Obtain the measure of penetration resistance with a sampler
in a non-cohesive soil.
Determine the stratified distribution of the soil.
Take representative soil samples
Find correlation between: The number of blows, N, measured and the
compactness, and the resistance to simple understanding through
existing tables or abacuses
Determine in the field the exploratory method to determine the
soil parameters, necessary to design the foundation of the
vertical constructions.
MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT
Tripod.
2. Pulley
3. Motor
4. Rope
5. Martinete
6. Barrenos.
[Link] (Terzaghi split spoon).
8. Keys.
SOIL MECHANICS II
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
PROCEDURE
1. Having the tower (tripod) to place the penetrometer, and with a pulley and
the engine in the tripod leg strikes with a hammer; that to
It is also guided by two strings.
The hammer is dropped freely from a height.
3. Repeat step 2 until you obtain a number of hits so that the
the sampler penetrates to the required depth.
SOIL MECHANICS II
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Length 312 mm
Diameter 39 mm
Weight of the hammer 62.5 Kg
SOIL MECHANICS II
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Calculation of the consistency of clays using the number of blows
(N), with the following table:
Number of
Resistance to the
hits(N) by foot of
Consistency simple compression, qu
penetration test
(kN/m²)
SPT
0–2 Very soft 0–25
2–5 Mix 25–50
5-10 average rigidity 50–100
10–20 Firm 100–200
20-30 Very firm 200–400
> 30 Dura 400
Calculation of the relative (approximate) compactness of the sands using
number of strokes (N), with the following table:
Number of Relative compactness
bumps(N) by foot of approximately (Cr) Description of
penetration test soil deposits
SPT (%)
0–5 0–5 Very loose
5–10 5–30 Loose
10–30 30–60 Medium
30–50 60 - 95 Denso
SOIL MECHANICS II
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
FIELD DENSITY TEST (SAND CONE)
GENERALITIES.
As the compaction work progresses in the field, it is
It is convenient to know whether the specified volumetric weight is being achieved or not.
This is known as field compaction control. This verification is
achieves with various standard procedures, we will use the method
more commonly used, "THE SAND CONE METHOD".
Basically, the method consists of determining the weight of the wet soil.
a small irregularly shaped excavation (hollow) made on the surface
from the ground.
The volume of that cavity and the wet density of the soil is determined in the
site (in situ density) or wet bulk density of the field. It is calculated
simply as:
Weight of wet soil
γ humid=
Volume of the cavity
The sand cone method represents an indirect way of obtaining the
volume of the hole. The sand used (often Ottawa sand) is
generally material that passes through sieve No. 20 and is retained
through the No. 30 sieve. Although the material smaller than the No. 30 sieve and larger
that the sieve No. 40 or the material smaller than sieve No. 30 and larger than the
No. 50 filter paper can also be used, it is generally desirable to have a
uniform arena or 'one size fits all' to avoid segregation problems
A volume of fine sand can weigh more than a volume of coarse sand.
but a volume of the mixture can weigh even more) so that in the
the same soil structure can be achieved under the same emptying conditions
and duplication required.
OBJECTIVE:
Determine the density and unit weight at a soil surface.
compressed by mechanical means.
Determine the soil density at the site.
Familiarize the student with the method commonly used in the field
to determine the soil density.
Relate the field dry density to the maximum dry density
obtained in the laboratory, obtained from different methods of
laboratory compaction.
SOIL MECHANICS II
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO
FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
TEAM:
Densimeter or metal cone.
Metal base plate with a hollow circle.
Plastic or metal container with a capacity of 4000 cm³
approximately.
Two bags containing calibrated dry sand (20±30), one with weight
of 2.00 kg and the other with a weight of 4.00 kg.
Smooth steel chisel with a diameter of 5/8" and a height of 25 cm in length
approximately.
Spoon.
4" brush.
Hammer weighing two and a half pounds.
Taras for moisture content.
Scale with a precision of 0.1 grams and a capacity of 2.0 kg.
Scale with a precision of 1.0 gram and a capacity of 25 kg.
Oven with a constant temperature of 110±5°C.
Shovel and bar (if necessary)
PROCEDURE:
Preparation of the material.
Laboratory work.
1. Calibrate the sand to be used by screening it through sieves No. 20 and No. 30.
discarding what is retained by sieve No. 20 and what passes through sieve No. 30.
2. Determine the loose dry volumetric weight of the calibrated sand.
3. Weigh the sand and obtain two weights of sand (for each trial) of 2.0Kg.
and 4.0kg. Deposit the sand in bags and label them.
Field work.
4. Clean the loose floor with the brush in the area where the
try.
5. Place the motherboard. It should not move until it is finished.
try.
SOIL MECHANICS II
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Calibration factor.
6. Place the cone on the base plate (the hole in the base plate must be
Align with the cone). Check that the pass valve is closed.
7. Pour the contents of the bag with sand (weight) over the upper cone
2.0kg). Note the identification of the bag.
8. Open the bypass valve and let the sand fall into the lower cone and the ground.
When the sand stops pouring, close the valve.
9. The leftover sand in the upper cone should be placed in the bag.
that contained 2.0 k of sand.
Excavation.
10. Remove the densitometer (cone) from the base plate and begin to excavate on it.
I dig the ground with the help of a mallet and chisel to a depth of 10 to 15.
centimeters, as indicated by the class instructor.
11. Deposit the extracted soil in the volumetric container, placing the lid on it.
to avoid losing the natural moisture of the soil. Write down the identification of
container.
12. Place the cone on the base plate (as indicated in step No. 6).
13. Pour the contents of 4.0 kg of sand onto the top of the
cone.
14. Open the pass valve and let the sand flow to the bottom of the
cone and the hole (excavation) until filled.
15. When the sand stops flowing, close the valve and the remaining sand in the
top of the cone place it in the bag that contained the four
kilograms of sand.
16. Remove the used sand from the excavation and deposit it in a bucket, this sand
It will be washed and re-screened for use in another assay.
SOIL MECHANICS II
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN ANTONIO ABAD OF CUSCO
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Laboratory.
17. Determine the wet weight of the excavated soil on the 1.0 scale.
precision and note its weight.
18. Take a small representative sample of the excavated soil and determine
the wet weight (to determine its moisture content), deposit it
on a tare I wrote down your identification.
19. Place the country with the wet sample in the oven, leave it for twenty-four hours.
hours at a temperature of 110±5 ºC. until a constant weight is obtained (weight
dry).
20. Weigh the remaining sands, in the calibration factor and in the excavation.
take note of your weights.
SOIL MECHANICS II