LABORATORY REPORT PRACTICAL COMPONENT

Free Fall Movement

Karol Giveth Palencia Guevara

1
School of Basic Sciences and Engineering, National Open and Distance University

Summary

In this laboratory practice, the intention is to find the empirical relationship between the

position and the time of an object in free fall, as well as the mathematical correlation between the

speed (v) and time (t). Through the already known equations for this phenomenon

physical, the respective calculations of the values and their representations were made through

graphs and tables, in order to obtain the data, measurements of height and times were taken

fall at different times with the help of a ball and/or sphere and the tracker program which executes

the analysis of free fall. This allowed us to verify that the analyzed motion is of type

uniformly accelerated.

Palabras clave:Caída Libre, Tiempo, Velocidad, Altura, Masa, Distancia,

Uncertainty.

Abstract

The intention in this laboratory practice is to find the empirical relationship between the

position and time of an object in free fall, as well as the mathematical correlation between

velocity (v) and time (t). By means of the equations already known for this physical

phenomenon, the respective calculations of the values and their representations were made by

means of graphs and tables. help of a ball and/or sphere and the tracker program which
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performs the free fall analysis. This allowed us to verify that the analyzed movement is of a

uniformly accelerated type.

Keywords:Free Fall, Time, Speed, Height, Mass, Distance, Uncertainty..

1. INTRODUCTION

What is free fall? In the following report, we will reveal every important aspect of falling.

free, its meaning as the first resource is; free fall is called any vertical fall without

no support of any kind, whose trajectory is barely subject to the force of gravity. It is a

concept applied to physics, but it is also a sport.

The Italian scientist Galileo Galilei was the first to demonstrate in the year 1590 that all

bodies, whether large or small, in the absence of friction, fall to Earth with the same acceleration,

the acceleration in free fall is the acceleration due to gravity, which is approximately 9.81 m/s2.

If the movement is downward, the value of acceleration is positive, whereas, if it is about a

vertical ascent, this value becomes negative, as it constitutes a decelerated movement.

To understand the free fall movement, throughout this report, we will analyze the relationship that

they have the distance or height from which the object falls, the time it takes to reach the surface or

ground, and the speed at which it makes this journey.

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Theoretical Framework

The movement of bodies in free fall (due to the action of their own weight) is a form of linear motion.

uniformly accelerated.

The distance traveled (d) is measured vertically and corresponds, therefore, to a height that is

represented by the letter h.

In a vacuum, the falling motion has constant acceleration, with that acceleration being the same for

all bodies, regardless of their shape and weight.

The presence of air slows down that falling movement and the acceleration then depends on the

shape of the body. However, for approximately spherical bodies, the influence of the medium on

The motion can be disregarded and treated, in a first approximation, as if it were in free fall.

The acceleration in free fall movements, known as the acceleration of gravity, is

represented by the letter g and takes an approximate value of 9.81 m/s2 (some only use the value 9.8 or

they round to 10).

If the movement considered is descending or falling, the value of g is positive as it should be.

to a genuine acceleration. If, on the contrary, it is a vertical ascent, the value of g is considered

negative, as it is, in that case, a decelerated movement.

Equations for free fall:

Table 1. Free Fall Graph

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Illustration 1. Free fall formulas

Free fall exists when a body is released from a height X, with an initial velocity of zero and

during the fall, it accelerates due to the force of gravity. The constant is the value of

acceleration due to gravity (g) which is g = 981 cm/s² or g = 9.81 m/s².

Free fall (without friction): The force acting on a falling body is indicated by an F and is measured in

newtons. A newton is composed of the mass of the body (in kg) and the acceleration (in m/s²), where

acceleration is equal to the gravitational factor of the Earth. Newton = kg * m/s²

Additional information: Bodies with different masses fall at the same speed in a vacuum. For this reason,

The reason is that the general equation of free fall is as follows: h = h0 - 1/2 gt² In other words, the calculation

is independent of body weight.

1.1. Fundamental laws of free fall

A. Every body that falls freely has a vertical trajectory.

B. The fall of bodies is uniformly accelerated motion.

C. All bodies fall with the same acceleration.

D. The force of gravity is what produces the constant acceleration in free fall.
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E. The acceleration produced in free fall is called acceleration due to gravity and is

it is symbolized by the letter g.

The value of g, which is considered for practical purposes, is 9.81 m/s².

Illustration 2 Characteristics and Considerations of the MVCL

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2. ASSEMBLY AND EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

To carry out this laboratory, a free fall apparatus was used, which consisted of

place a sphere and/or ball and let it fall using a wall of a different color than the sphere and/or ball,

making two marks to indicate the height of 2.00 m. I repeated this procedure 3 times from the

same height to demonstrate how much the time varies, additionally because the ball had a movement and

when running the video it started well, but at one point it lost the trajectory of the ball and did not take the data,

three completely different heights were taken since when recording the video it was not

It highlighted the point that was marked because he released the ball very above the point.

After the recording of the video of this procedure, it is taken to the TRACKER program which helps to find

the times, the speed of falling.

1. Measurements: The measurements were taken directly with the wall that was to measure more than 2.00

meters of free fall.

Illustration 3. Marking the wall, ball drop

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2. OBJECTS USED:

Illustration 4 Phone for recording video

Illustration 5Ball

Illustration 6Metro

Illustration 7 Interface of the video analysis program Tracker.

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Illustration 8 Capture of the video used in the tracker software.

In Illustration 7, the Tracker screen is shown when a mark has been made in each.

Successive image of the ball. The red scale bar has been placed between the marks.

3. IMPLEMENTATION

The measurement was taken with a meter on the white wall, standing two meters away and

marking the division of the two points with red tape, the measurement was taken several times so it could be seen

the first mark and how the ball fell, I positioned myself next to the mark left on the wall and requested

they will record me dropping the ball from a height of 2.0 m in order to film the descent, the difficulty

what was presented is that sometimes the ball would bounce off the wall and lose the straight line it was supposed to follow,

After making the video of the ball falling, we entered the Tracker application and started with the

validation process to measure the time and distance the ball had.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The following table records the data provided by the Tracker program taken from the video.

where the ball is thrown in free fall.

 Laboratory Report Practical Component

mass_A

t(s) y(m)

0 0.000833

0.033 0.0141

0.067 0.0427

0.1 0.0778

0.133 0.127

0.167 0.189

0.2 0.25

0.233 0.33

0.267 0.426

0.3 0.519

0.333 0.635

0.366 0.75

0.4 0.88

0.433 1,007

0.466 1,154

0.5 1,302

0.533 1,463

0.566 1,631

0.6 1,809

0.633 1,987

Table 2 Values of time and height taken with the tracker program.
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Illustration 9 Graph Analyzer Time and Height

In illustration 9, the fit of a Line (green line) to the data (fuchsia line) is very good, so

What we can say is that the motion is of constant acceleration. The coefficient of the term that has

t2 is 4.178E0 cm/s2 (Illustration 9).

Illustration 10 Parabola Analyzer of the Time and Height Graph

The value of the object's fall time is: 0.633 s, considering that the fall time goes from

the ball is released until it touches the ground.

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Determine the acceleration of gravity:

1
= 2 ( 15 )
2
We solve for g and substitute values resulting in the acceleration of gravity being 7.067.

m/s2

To determine the uncertainty of gravity, you must use the following equation:

= + 2 (16)

We clear ∆g, substitute terms, perform the operations resulting in the

gravity uncertainty at 973.18 m/s2

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Graph the data from Table 5 in Excel using the template provided below:LINK

EXCEL TEMPLATE. The template performs the quadratic adjustment and also determines the

gravity and the associated uncertainty (error). See the video on how to use the template

(VIDEO LINK).
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Illustration 10 Quadratic Adjustment

With the fitting function, relate the slope to the acceleration due to gravity and

calculate it, what is the uncertainty?

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masa_A
t y Delta of (t) Delta (y) Y (adjustment) Uncertainty
0 0.000833 -0.033 -1,32E-02 -0,14286995 0.142869952
0.033 0.0141 -0.034 -2,87E-02 -0,14272021 0.175720208
0.067 0.0427 -0.033 -3,50E-02 -0,14286995 0.209869952
0.1 0.0778 -0.033 -4.93E-02 -0.14286995 0.242869952
0.133 0.127 -0.034 -6,20E-02 -0,14272021 0.275720208
0.167 0.189 -0.033 -6,10E-02 -0,14286995 0.309869952
0.2 0.25 -0.033 -0.08 -0.14286995 0.342869952
0.233 0.33 -0.034 -9,60E-02 -0,14272021 0.375720208
0.267 0.426 -0.033 -0.093 0.409869952
0.3 0.519 -0.033 -0.116 0.442869952
0.333 0.635 -0.033 -1.15E-01 -0.14286995 0.475869952
0.366 0.75 -0.034 -1.30E-01 -0.14272021 0.508720208
0.4 0.88 -0.033 -0.127 -0.14286995 0.542869952
0.433 1,007 -0.033 -1,47E-01 -0,14286995 0.575869952
0.466 1,154 -0.034 -1.48E-01 -0.14272021 0.608720208
0.5 1,302 -0.033 -0.161 -0.14286995 0,642869952
0.533 1,463 -0.033 -1,68E-01 -0,14286995 0.675869952
0.566 1,631 0.566 1,63E+00 -0,29294581 0.858945808

Table 3 of uncertainty

Carry out the final discussion and analysis based on the results recorded in the table.

First method Second method

(Equation) Data adjustment

g (m/s2) Δ g (/s 2
) 2
g (m/translatedText
) Δ g (m/s2)

7,067 m/s2 973,18 m/s2 -0.2929 m/s2 0.8589 m/s2

error(%)=¿ gtheoreticala −g experimental∨ ¿ ×100¿ error(%)=¿ gtheoreticala −g experimental∨ ¿ ×100¿

gtheoretical gtheoretical

Table 4. Results obtained by the two methods previously explained.

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In the discussion and analysis, discuss which method produced a more accurate result, with

Which method yielded a result with lower uncertainty?

The method that obtained the least uncertainty was the second method.

4. CONCLUSIONS

In this practice, a simple free fall experiment in the air of a ball has been conducted to measure

the value of the acceleration due to gravity and the uncertainty.

With the repetitions of the experiment, an error margin was found, which indicates that no matter how much

small as the difference of any of the non-constant components, these tend to vary the

acceleration or time.

It was proven that the acceleration of gravity does not depend on mass, but quite the opposite.

It depends on the height and the time.

After conducting the free fall experience with the video camera, it can be stated that this

the method is not accurate under the given conditions, so the value calculated with other methods (approx.

9.81 does not resemble the obtained from the experience, that is, the interval (7.067 - 973.18)m/s2.
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Errors occur due to failures when measuring. When working with very small values, it is possible to

discriminate figures that will drastically affect the expected results. With determination

from the equations for position as a function of time or velocity as a function of time, it is possible

to know what can happen in a given period of time.

Errors occur due to failures when measuring. When working with very small values, one can

to discriminate figures that will drastically affect the expected results.

With the determination of the equations for position as a function of time or velocity as a function of

time, it is possible to know what may happen in a given period of time.

Errors occur due to failures when measuring. When working with very small values, it can be

discriminate figures that will drastically affect the expected results. With determination

From the equations for position as a function of time or velocity as a function of time, it is possible

to know what can happen in a given period of time.

5. REFERENCES

1 García Daiana, Larregain Pedro, Machado Alejandro, “Measurement of gravitational acceleration”,

Experimental Physics I, 2008

2 Cabrera María, Kessler Sofía, Solanilla Juan, "Determination of the value of acceleration of the

gravity g through the inclined plane method, Experimental Physics I, 2009.

3 López Marina, Muriel Nadia, Noseda Victoria, Pardini, Pamela, "Acceleration of gravity,

determination of its value,” Experimental Physics I, 2006.

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4 Prof. of Physics and Chemistry Francisco Rojas Melgarejo, “New technologies in determination

experimental determination of the value of the acceleration of gravity on Earth", Eureka Journal, Spain, 2008.

5 Resnick and Halliday, 'Physics Vol.I', Continental Editorial Company, 2001

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TIPPENS PAUL E. PHYSICS CONCEPTS AND APPLICATIONS. MC GRAW PUBLISHING

HILL.

[2] CONCEPTUAL PHYSICS. PAUL HEWITT. ADDISON WESLEY PUBLISHING

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[5] Unable to access external content or URLs.

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