Adult Development Through the Lifespan
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Human Development II v2
R4. From adulthood to old age
October 12, 2021
Introduction:
The theme of the development that an adult has towards old age tends to have a lot of
depth, and in order to analyze it, it is necessary to pose a basic question with the
which can answer the question of whether adults truly develop or
they only reach maturity at 20 years old and then it's just a decline.
Until the middle of the 20th century, this fundamental question was answered as follows,
what the father of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud said, who saw puberty
as the final point of human development. This is because the
previous investigations only took into account childhood and in some cases the
adolescence.
On the other hand, currently, the vast majority of psychologists have and accept
the idea that human development lasts a lifetime. This concept of development
it is usually like a process of adaptation throughout existence and is known
how the development del cycle of life.
The idea that development lasts throughout the entire life cycle has many effects that
stand out, and this is correct as each stage of our life is influenced by
some event that has already occurred previously or a consequence to come,
having their own unique characteristics and value.
We must understand or try to see adult development as a product of
multiple concurrent forces acting on a complex system such as the
human development. This thought allows to notice several aspects of it
a person in order to see how a person possesses not just one, but many
different ages, and not only speaking chronologically, but also the age
functional, biological, psychological and social, as well as the possibility of measurement
of the effects that impact development.
Development:
Adult development tends to be complex as change occurs in many
aspects of the self, such as personality development and social development which
it greatly influences an individual's interaction regarding their relationships
interpersonal, lifestyle choice, work and leisure.
The different limits of life cycle periods vary with respect to
different eras and the various societies, the majority of the research
divide adulthood into three periods: young adulthood (approximately from 20 to 40
middle adulthood (from 45 to 65 years) and late adulthood or old age (65 years onwards)
forward).
Young adults are generally at the peak of their physical skills and
many intellectual aspects, since during this stage the person makes
career elections and often form intimate relationships that can last a lifetime
life.
Middle-aged adults may begin to notice some deterioration in health and
physical skills, but they tend to develop more mature behaviors of
thinking always based on the practical experiences acquired
previously. Some people in middle adulthood tend to start to
consider more the idea of nearby death, which can produce changes in
personality and help to boost growth due to the exploration of new
opportunities.
Most older adults are physically active, relatively
healthy, independent, and mentally alert, although they may experience
changes in their health. They may develop chronic conditions, but it is possible
control them through medical intervention. Many elderly adults have more
time to cultivate personal relationships, but they must deal with the deterioration of
some of his abilities, the loss of friends and family, the idea of death
and each time more search.
On the other hand, old age is often the stage of life in which many capabilities that
they had in adolescence or adulthood, they deteriorate and/or disappear,
giving consolidation to the psychological maturity of the individual.
The elderly is a vital stage that is covered with many processes of
evolution, which causes an increase in a person's life expectancy.
There are three stages of old age: pre-old age (55 to 65 years), which
it is the prelude to the stage of life in which many bodily functions see
affected its operation or process in a noticeable way. Physically in this
during this stage, sleep patterns often change, decreasing the number of
hours that the individual sleeps per day, as well as how the process is affected
digestion, which becomes slower and heavier compared to stages
previous. As for women, pre-old age arrives approximately from the
hand with the end of menopause, which generates many alterations
hormonal factors that usually affect physically as well as emotionally in one way
very strong.
Old age (65 to 79 years) is the stage of life in which it becomes even more evident
the weakening of biological functions as a psychological style based on the
review of the past and experimentation with memories. They physically appear
posture problems and weakening of the bones, which causes pain or
even the inability to make great efforts, the problems of
digestion becomes more pronounced just like the risk of experiencing various types of
cancer. In addition, vision and hearing are affected, which can bring the risk
psychological aspect of isolation, since thanks to this it is more complicated
to relate effectively to others.
Finally, old age (80 - ) is the last stage of aging and clearly
it represents a noticeable change in both physical and psychological evolution, in this
the changes in posture and the fragility of bones and joints are
they worsen, and this can lead to reducing people's autonomy.
Currently, there are numerous continuing education efforts globally.
to keep an older adult active, improving their cognitive health and
mental.
This depends on the educational institution and the country, it is possible that a person
over 45 years old who want to study, must take a test for
accreditation in order to evaluate general knowledge about the
subjects that one would like to take in the program and modality, as well as there being
the option where some universities allow seniors to attend as
listeners of the classes given; for this, no test is necessary, but
It is only voluntary attendance and no academic degree is accredited.
In Mexico, INEA and Inapam have developed educational models for adults.
adults which has launched a National literacy and reduction campaign
of educational lag in the country, developing a pedagogical proposal for
to offer basic education to the population aged 60 or older. This proposal has
with the purpose of responding to the needs, interests, and expectations of the population
of elderly adults with a desire to improve themselves educationally, giving them the
the right to participate in them to promote their personal, family and
social.
This model is organized around 5 axes: Communication, reasoning, health and
well-being; participation in social life and recreation and economic security” Dr.
Valdés (INEA).
Conclusion
Education in older adults has many benefits as it helps to
reduce the levels of illiteracy that exist in the country, it provides more security
economic, social participation and health promoting the improvement of quality
life during aging, promotes the increase of active participation of
elderly adults in social, cultural, economic, and political spheres.
I personally believe that constantly studying in old age should form
part of the usual activities of older adults, as these
they enhance their cognitive abilities, improve their health, this is
extremely positive not only at the individual level but for the whole society, since
a prepared, proactive adult contributes more to all areas that involve the
society.
Personally, I have an elderly relative who is part of that.
educational programs, and this had a great positive impact on his life, since
managed to improve his quality of life in terms of the economy, since the more you
the better you prepare, the better it will go for you, in terms of feelings I managed to boost your self-esteem, already
what happened from a passive life, without projects and aspirations, to an active life and with
big dreams and a desire to improve. With the return to studying, adults
adults feel a great pleasure in returning to an earlier era, especially to the
time to interact and share knowledge with younger people
in order to continue growing constantly.
References:
Stanssen Berger.
Pan-American.
Griffa, M. C., & Moreno, J. E. (2005). Keys to a psychology of development:
adolescence, adulthood, and old age. Place.
Fernandez-Ballesteros, R. (2004). The psychology of aging. Encounters
multidisciplinary.
Iacub, R., & Arias, C. J. (2010). Empowerment in old age. Journal of Behavior,
Health & Social Issues, 2(2), 25-32.