XXIX SCHOOL FAIR

NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

(FENCYT) EUREKA 2019

PROJECT TITLE

"HOMEMADE AIR CONDITIONER"

UGEL Chepén

I.E SAN PEDRO–San José Street

DEGREE FIRST

AUTHORS:

CARLOS ALBERTO BALTUANO ANGELATS

989 361 513.carlos_baltuano@[Link]

FLAVIA MILAGROS CABANILLAS MENDOZA

988 699 866Flavia_cabanillas@[Link]

Bianca Polette Espil Cabanillas

933 814 310. Bianca_polette@[Link]

STEFANI NICOLE RAMIREZ IGNACIO

945 202 494.Stefani_ramirez@[Link]

ADVISOR:

MARIA SUSANA VILLANUEVA VILCHEZ

948 627 705.Susana_msvv@[Link]

CCNN: Biology and Chemistry

CATEGORY C

AREA TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

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 INDEX

SUMMARY....................................................... 3

INTRODUCTION..................................................4

OBJECTIVES……………………………………………..………….…. 5

HYPOTHESIS....................................................5

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK…………..………………………………….…. 6-11

MATERIALS AND METHODS.........................12

PROCEDURE.........................................................12

RESULTS

DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………..13

CONCLUSIONS..................................................14

BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………….………..14

ACKNOWLEDGMENT..................................................14

ANNEXES..........................................................15

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 SUMMARY

The first thing we must point out is that there are various factors that affect
directly to the sensation of heat in each situation, the orientation of the house or the
the same subjective perception of heat for each person. Even so, what we do know is
that, according to experts, 25-26 degrees are enough at home when the sun is strong
outside. It is recommended to use the fan on less hot days and the air
air conditioning on sweltering or very hot days. The air conditioning consumes
much more electricity and pollutes the environment more than a fan, that is why
it is not recommended to use it regularly. The air from a fan generates a
a drop in air temperature of up to 3 degrees. They consume very little in
comparison with air conditioning and they are very easy to use, since they do not
They do not require any installation. But it is also true that they only move the air.
of the rooms. One of the main disadvantages of these air conditioners
it is your energy classification. the current minimum requirements for the energy used
in air conditioners are 10 seer (abbreviation in English for ratio of
energy efficiency of the season

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 INTRODUCTION

One way to mitigate the heat and make our existence pleasant during summer times,
it is the use of air conditioners or the diffusion of forced air through fans.

In the area where we live, where in summer we reach temperatures of

up to 30 to 32 degrees C, the use of fans in rooms and/or homes is almost
massive, so if there were the possibility of obtaining means capable of achieving
lowering the ambient temperature at low cost would be a great help for the
population.

The manufacturing and use of homemade air conditioning allows the student
demonstrate in a practical way the different ways to use creativity, to unleash it and
achieve obtaining highly profitable and very useful products at low cost since for their
manufacturing uses recycled material improving the quality of life of the community.

This project is a good alternative, as it is accessible and affordable for the

community.

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 OBJECTIVES

Research on how to obtain cold air for any environment.

summer time
Design a homemade air conditioning project based on principles
heat exchange scientists learned in the course.
Achieve a project accessible to everyone with easy installation.
Help make our room, office, or any environment to be at a
pleasant temperature in summer times.
Introduce the community to the ways of making an air conditioner
homemade
Contribute to the economy of the population in general, putting to the
I reached an alternative to mitigate hot environments at low cost.

HYPOTHESIS

If we develop a homemade air conditioning system, then we will be able to decrease

the temperature of any environment at low cost.

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 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION

CONCEPT:

The conditioning of theairit is theprocessthat cools, cleans, and circulates the air,
controlling, in addition, its moisture content. Under ideal conditions, it achieves all this
simultaneously.

How to cool means to eliminater heat,another term used for decair conditioningthe
air conditioning, obviously this topic includes refrigeration.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF AIR CONDITIONING

However, refrigeration, as we know it today, dates back about sixty

years, some ofits principleswere known as far back as 10,000 years before
Christ.

One of the greatsthe systemsto suppress the heat was undoubtedly that of the Egyptians. This was
used mainly in the pharaoh's palace. The walls were built of
huge blocks of stone, weighing over 1000

Tons and one side polished and the other rough.

During the night, 3000 slaves dismantled the walls and carried the stones to the
Sahara Desert. Like thetemperatureit in the desert decreases significantly to
very low levels during the course of the night, the stones cooled down and just
Before dawn, the slaves were carrying the stones back to the place where the
palace and returned to place them back where they were.

The pharaoh was supposed to enjoy temperatures around 26.7°C, while

outside they were found to be up to 54°C or more. As mentioned, it was necessary
3000 slaves forpowercarry out this conditioning work, which currently
it is done easily.

The air conditionerthe climatetakes air from inside a room passing through
tubes that are at low temperature these are cooled by means of a liquid that to its
It cools down through the condenser, part of the air is returned at a temperature
younger and part is expelled by the rear panel of the device, andthe thermometeris in the

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front panel so that when the air passes, it measures the temperature at which it isthe environment
inside the bedroom, and thus regulating how cold it should be and how much the compressor should work
and the capacitor.

Essential components of a climate:

Fan.
Compressor.
Thermometer.
Cooling liquid.
Panel or capacitor.

REFRIGERATION

CONCEPTS:

CONCEPT #1

1. Refrigeration, the process by which the temperature of a space is reduced

determined and this low temperature is maintained in order, for example, to cool down
foodto preserve certain substances or to achieve a pleasant environment.
Thestoragerefrigerated perishable foods, skins,products
Pharmaceuticals and others are known as cold storage. Refrigeration
prevents the growth ofbacteriaand prevents somechemical reactionsunwanted
that can take place at room temperature.

The use of ice of natural or artificial origin as a refrigerant was very widespread.
until shortly before World War IWorld WarWhen did refrigerators appear?
mechanical and electrical. Theeffectivenessthe use of ice as a refrigerant is due to the fact that it has

a temperature offusionat 0 °C and to melt it has to absorb an amount

of heat equivalent to 333.1 kJ/kg. The presence of a salt in the ice reduces in
various degrees the melting point of the same. The foods that are kept at this
temperature or slightly above it can be preserved for longer
time. The dayócarbon dioxidesolid, known as dry ice or carbon snow,
it is also used as a refrigerant.

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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF REFRIGERATION

THERMODYNAMICS
TheThermodynamicsit is a branch ofsciencewhat is it aboutthe actionmechanicsof the heat.
There are certain fundamental principles ofnature, llaFashion LawsThermodynamics,
that govern our existence here inthe earth,several of which are essential for the
Study of refrigeration. The first and the most important of these laws states: Energy
It can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed from one type of energy to another.

HEAT
Heat is a form of energy, created mainly by the transformation of others.
types of energy in heat energy; for example, the energymechanical engineeringthat operates a wheel
causes friction and creates heat. Heat is often defined as energy in transit,
because it never lastsstaticsince it is always being transmitted from the bodies
warm to the cold bodies. Most of the heat in theearthit derives from radiations
of the sun. A spoon submerged andin waterfrost loses its heat and gets cold; a spoon
submerged incafehot absorbs the heat from the coffee and heats up. However, the
The words "hotter" and "colder" are just comparative terms. There is heat at
any temperature above absolute zero, even in extremely small amounts
absolute zero is the term used by scientists to describe the
the lowest temperature that can theoretically be achieved, at which there is no heat, and that
is -2730C, that is -4600F. The coldest temperature we can feel on Earth is
much higher compared to this base.

HEAT TRANSFER:
The secondlawThe important concept of thermodynamics is the one according to which heat always
travel from the warmest body to the coldest body. The degree of transmission is directly
proportional to the difference in temperature between the two bodies.

Heat can travel in three different forms:RadiationConduction and Convection.

Radiation is the transmission of heatby wavessimilar to the waves oflightand the waves
the radio; an example of radiation is the transmission of solar energy to the earth

OnepersonYou can feel the impact of the heat waves, moving from the shade to the
sunlight, even when the air temperature around it is identical in both

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places. There is little radiation at low temperatures, also when the difference in
the temperature difference between the bodies is small, therefore, the radiation is minimal.

importance in the process of refrigeration.

However, the radiation into space or of aproductcooled by agents

exteriors, particularlythe sunit can be an important factor in the load of
Cooling. Conduction is the flow of heat through a substance. For there to be
heat transfer between two bodies in this way requires real physical contact.
Conduction is a highly efficient form of heat transfer.

Any mechanic who has touched a hot piece of metal can attest to it.
Convection is the flow of heat through a fluid, which can bea gasor a liquid,
generally water or air. The air can be heated in a furnace and then discharged.
in the room where the objects that need to be heated by convection are located.

The typical cooling application is a combination of the threeprocessescited

Previously. Heat transfer cannot take place without a difference existing.
of temperature.

TEMPERATURE
The temperature isit is the scaleused to measure the intensity of heat and is the indicator that
determine theaddressin which heat energy will move. It can also be defined
like the degree of sensible heat that one body has in comparison to another. In some
In countries, the temperature is measured in degrees Fahrenheit, but in our country, it is generally
in the rest of the world, the Celsius scale is used, sometimes called
Celsius. Both scales have two basic points in common: the freezing point and the
of water boiling at sea level. At sea level, the waterit freezes at 0°C or at
320°F and it boils at 100°C or at 2120°F. On the Fahrenheit scale, the temperature difference
between these two points is divided into 180 increments of equal magnitude called
Fahrenheit degrees, while in the Celsius scale, the temperature difference
is divided into 100 equal increments called degrees Celsius.

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Advantages of portable air conditioners

Air conditioners are an important part of temperature control.

It is a term associated with the idea of cooling the interior of a structure. Maintaining the
the interior of a home or business cool during the warm summer months is one of
the best features of air conditioners. While the
central air conditioners have been the norm, there are several reasons why
Portable air conditioners are useful. Consider the advantages and disadvantages.
of these before making a purchase.

Advantages of portable air conditioners

One of the biggest advantages of portable air conditioners is the

ability to cool small areas without consuming the energy required for a
central air conditioning system. The latter are responsible for the
majority of the energy expenditure of homes and businesses. It costs the owners of
home more than US$15 billion per year, according to the American Council
for the Efficient and Economic Use of Energy. Use an air conditioner
suitable for the number of square meters of a room can help to
reduce the cooling cost by supplementing the central system. This is
especially useful for rooms that generate more heat, such as kitchens
or an office with photocopiers, computers, and other types of equipment. The
portable air conditioners require minimal preparation. Most of
models have a simple ventilation system to remove hot air, which
It consists of a hose and a window for it.

Disadvantages of portable air conditioners

The main drawback of these air conditioners is their classification.

energy. The current minimum requirements for the energy used in air conditioning
air conditioners have a SEER of 10 (short for Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio)
Energy of the Season). While some air conditioners reach or
they exceed this number, many do not. Those that tend to cost more are those who
they usually comply with the regulation. Moreover, since air conditioners are only
Useful in small areas, a high SEER rating does not guarantee energy savings.
It should operate for a long time, especially during the summer.

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Condensation is another problem for portable air conditioners. Although
some models have a system that removes condensation through a
escape ventilation, others require you to empty a tray. Such units produce
30 pints of condensation daily. Noise is also a disadvantage. Most of
portable air conditioners are much louder than other types of
air cooling

General evaluation of portable air conditioners

Low prices, flexibility, and easy installation are extras when purchasing the
portable air conditioners. They offer a better alternative for residences.
without a central air conditioning system, especially when the amount
of rooms and the square meters are minimal. Still, the total energy use,
the condensation and the noise they produce may discourage you from buying one. Before
buy it, find out about its cooling capabilities, energy ratings,
and about their heat removal and condensation systems.

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 MATERIALS AND METHODS

Styrofoam box (recycled or made by oneself from scraps of

recycled tecnopor.
Ice packs
A plastic elbow
Recycled fan motor of small, medium, or large tabletop size
according to the size of the environment to be cooled

Cutter, glue, scissors

PROCEDURE

Once you have all the materials, first you should pay attention to the
polystyrene box. make sure it is made of the same foam plastic material that
For example, to send frozen fish to the establishments. The box
it must have an adjustable lid and suitable dimensions to accommodate at least one
medium bag of ice inside it

2. We will proceed to attach both the motor and the plastic elbow. Use a
cutter to cut a hole in the lid of the styrofoam box. it is advisable
that the hole is made on one side of the lid and not in the middle. make sure that the
the hole has the same size as the cage that covers the blades of the fan,
in case you have it. In any case, adjust the size of the fan to the hole.
Remember that the fan must push the air into the box and that the
the cable or plug should be facing outward.

3. then, make one or two more holes; this time on one of the side faces of
the box, preferably on the opposite side of the fan hole. the holes
They must have the size of the tube so that it fits perfectly.

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 4. Place the fan and the elbow in their respective slots. Try not to leave
small spaces so that the box does not let any air escape through the
grooves of the holes, only by the elbow.

5. right now, the air conditioning system is ready to turn it on.

it works. all that is left is to put a medium bag of ice inside the box.
remember not to fill the box too much, since if you put in too many ice bags,
it will affect the air output and its power.

RESULTS

We obtained a homemade rectangular air conditioning system with a

fan on the inside with a plastic elbow through which the cold air comes out
exterior.

DISCUSSION

When developing our air conditioning system, we realized that it was capable of
change the ambient temperature, and unlike an air conditioner
commercial does not use chemicals that harm the environment and the manufacturing cost is
scope of everyone.

In this scientific project, we have developed a homemade air conditioner starting from
from the observation and transfer of heat exchange between ice and the environment
environment, a forced air circulation system and other aspects for the proper
implementation of this.

This homemade air conditioner is capable of cooling an environment and depending on the size
the team will be able to cool a small to large environment using only ice,
recycled motor from a fan and a polystyrene box as we will present
continuation.

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 CONCLUSIONS

Our air conditioning system is quick, simple, and inexpensive to make and meets
with the function of lowering the temperature of any environment.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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laptops-list_118312/

THANKS

The members of the group are pleased to express our

gratitude to our parents for their support and to our teacher Susana
Villanueva for providing us his knowledge and guiding us correctly.

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ANNEXES

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