VERACRUZ UNIVERSITY

Faculty of Chemical Sciences

Chemical Engineering

Surface Phenomena and Electrochemistry

Ing. Zúñiga López Marco Antonio

Problematic
Laidler (8.17 – 8.25)

IQ3-V

Adrian González Luna

Hernández Rodríguez Cristian

Hernández García Luis Enrique

Martínez Andrés Emerson Roberto

emer_italia@[Link]
8.17 The surface tension of water at 20oC is 7.27x10-2N/m and its
density is 0.998 g/cm3Assuming a contact angle equal to
0, calculate the elevation of the water at 20oC in a capillary tube with radius of a)
1mm and b) 10-3Consider that g = 9.81 m/s2The capillaries of the trees
it has approximately 10 radios-3, but the sap can rise in
tree at a height much higher than what is obtained through this
calculation. This is because the rise of the sap depends to some extent
considerable osmotic flow; as a result of evaporation, the
leaves contain solutes at a higher concentration than the trunk of the tree and,
Therefore, osmotic flow occurs towards them.

= 7.27x10-2 rρgh
δ=¿
N/m 2cosθ
0.998
g/cm3
2
=0 h=¿
r = 1 mm rg
r = 1x10-3cm
g = 9.81 m/s2
h=¿
(
2 7.27 x10−2
N
m )
( 1x10−3m ) 998( kg
m3
)(
m
9.81 2
)
h=14.8x10−3m

h=¿
(
2 7.27 x10−2
N
m )
( 1x10−5) 998( kg
m3
)(
m
9.81 2
)
h=1.485m
The density of liquid Hg at 273 K is 13.6 g/cm³.3and the tension
The surface tension is 0.47 N/m. If the contact angle is 140˚, calculate the
capillary depression in a tube with a diameter of 1mm.

0.47 N/m rough

δ=¿
= 13.6 g/cm3 2cosθ
= 140o
r = 0.5 mm
g = 9.81 m/s2 ¿
cosθ∗¿
h=¿ 2
rg

h=¿
(0.47 mN )(−1.53208)
( 5x10−4m) 13600
(
kg
m3 )(
9.81 2
s )
h=−0.01079m
18.19 The density of water at 20oC is 0.998 g/cm3and the surface tension
It is 7.27 times 10-2N/m. Calculate the relationship between the vapor pressure of a

dew drop that has a mass of 10-12and the vapor pressure of the
water on a flat surface.

7.27 times 10-2 m

ρ=
N/m v
0.998 g/cm3
273 K
m = 18 kg/mol m
v=
R = 8.31451 J/K ρ
mol
g = 9.81 m/s2
1x10−12 g
v =¿ =1x10−12cm3
0.998g/cm3

4
v = pir3
3

√
v
r= 3
4
π
3

√
1 x 1 0 −12 cm3
r= 3 =6.20 times 10−5cm
4
π
3

P2δM
ln=
P1prRT

ln=
P (
2 7.27 x10−2
N
m )(
0.018
kg
)
mole
P1
( 998
kg
m 3 )
( 6.20 times 10−7m ) 8.31451
J
Kmol (
( 293K ) )
P
ln
P1 1.736242571x10−3
and=e
 P
=1.00173
P1

The two arms of a U-shaped tube have radii of 0.05

cm and 0.10 cm. A liquid with a density of 0.80 g/cm is placed.3in the tube
And it is observed that the height in the narrowest arm is 2.20 cm taller.
that in the widest. Calculate the surface tension of the liquid
assuming that = 0.

h = 0.022 m rough
δ=¿
0.80 g/cm3 2cosθ
=0
r = 1 x 10-3m

( )( )
g = 9.81 m/s2 kg m
( 1 x 1 0 −3m ) 800 3 9.81 2 (0.022m)
m s
δ=
2

δ=0.086N/m
A tube is placed in a certain liquid and an elevation is observed.
1.5 cm capillary. What would be the elevation if the same tube were placed?
in another liquid that had a surface tension and a density
equivalent to half of the values for the first liquid? Assume
what = 0 in both cases.

1 = 7.27 x 10-2 rρgh

δ =¿
N/m 2cosθ
2= 0.03536
N/m
2
1 = 0.998 h=¿
rg
g/cm 3

= 0.499
( N
)
2
2 7.27 x10−2
g/cm 3
m
g = 9.81 m/s2 h1=¿
( )( )
kg m
r = 1x10-3m ( 1 x 1 0 −3 m ) 998 3
9.81 2
m s

h1=1.48 cm

h2=¿
(
2 0.03536
N
m )
( )( )
kg m
( 1 x 1 0 −3 m) 499 3 9.81 2
m s

h2=1.48 cm

The elevation will be the same since the same values are used even though
the surface tension decreases and so does the density of the
first liquid which causes the elevation to be the same on the other
liquid.

18.22 When a capillary tube is placed in water, it is observed that a

capillary rise of 2.0 cm. Assume that the tube is placed in the water of
so that only 1.0 cm remains above the surface; will it exceed the
water over the edge of the tube? Explain your answer.

The water will overflow the capillary tube as it is submerged deeper into the water.
this capillary will rise above its surface
going over it as a force is being exerted on it
water.
18.23 A layer of benzene, with a density of 0.8 g/cm3, floats over
water with a density of 1.0 g/cm3, and a vertical tube is inserted with
internal diameter of 0.1 mm at the interface. A wash is observed
capillary of 4.0 cm and a contact angle of 40oCalculate the tension
superficial between water and benzene.

0.04 m ρinterz =ρ −ρ
H0
2 C 6H 6
= 200 kg/m3
= 40o
r = 5 x 10-5m kg kg
ρinterface=1000−800
g = 9.81 m/s2 m3 m3

ρinterface=200kg/m3

rρgh
δ=¿
2cosθ

( )( )
kg m
( 5 t i m e s )1200
0 −5 m 3 9.81(0.04m)
2
m s
δ=
2(0.766)

δ=0.0025613N/m
1 liter of water decomposes at 20oAnd in drops of dew that
they have an average radius of 10-5cm. If the surface tension of water at
20oC is 7.27x10-2N/m, calculate the change in Gibbs energy when
They form the drops.

r = 10-5 Δ G o =delta A
= 7.27 x 10-2
N/m