Introduction to Model Making Techniques
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ScribdTranslationsIntroduction to Model Making Techniques
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsINTRODUCTION TO MODELMAKING
Concept of model making
We will define Model Making as the art of making models. From this,
we will define a 'model' as a three-dimensional or 3D representation of a
object or event.
Model. It is the physical reproduction 'to scale', in three dimensions, generally.
in reduced size, of something real or fictitious. There can also be models of
large size of some small and even microscopic object represented in
some kind of model.
Topology of models
Generally, bodies, surfaces, and bars are used in models. According to the
type of model by its elaboration, we can distinguish them between models
planimeters and linear models.
Depending on the way of making a model, different ones are distinguished.
models, which are part of the design and help to easily define the
definitive and modifiable elements in a project. These basic elements
volumetric or linear ones are used, for example to represent buildings in a
urban planning model, facades and walls in a model of the section of a
building, and pillars or space grids in the model of a structure.
Stages of a model
1st Phase: preliminary project, sketch of basic idea.
Concept model.
2nd Phase: project, Basic project.
Working model.
3rd Phase: execution, Execution project.
Execution model The first basic step for the construction of a
modeling is to carry out, shape, and define the surface texture of bodies,
surfaces and bars. Considering the scope in which the models are used,
we can classify architectural models into three groups: models
topographic maps, building models and special models.
Classification
Building Models
The building models group is usually subdivided: This group is divided into
urban planning models, building models, structural models, interior space models and
special models.
According to the objective set for the model builder, greater attention will be paid.
to the plastic and spatial aspects of form, to functional organization or to
the constructive characteristics. The building model shows the building
existing to which the new planned buildings will be added. Also, it
The most important characteristics of circulation is space.
Properties according to the model
Form:
1. Relationship between building form.
2. Shape and size of each of the spaces.
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4. Type of texture,colorand material.
5. Visual relationships.
The shape of the building should be taken into account, considering the shape and
size of all spaces related to light and its types of lighting is
very important the visual relationships as well as the type of texture, thecolory
the material.
Function:
1. Organization of existing buildings and spaces.
2. Delimitation of interior and exterior spaces.
3. Use.
The buildings must be arranged according to the spaces available.
they account for, without omitting the limits of exterior and interior spaces and the use that is
will design each space.
Construction:
The subdivision of urban planning and building models depends on
everything from thescalechosen.
On the other hand, in building models they emphasize their qualities
formal and functional constructs. Depending on the chosen scale, it is represented
the entire building or just a detail or part of it.
It is very important to choose the right scale to build a model.
so that thanks to the model, a clear idea can be formed of the
building dimensions.
Architectural Models
They are a reduced-scale representation of a building, a project.
urban in its entirety or parts of it. The architectural models can
to create quick volumetric models for simple representation and analysis, or
detailed model templates to present projects to clients and to
general public.
Who are these types of models aimed at?
Generally, architectural models are used by real estate agencies,
architects, developers, construction companies, and public agencies to present
its different urban projects to its clients or to the citizens.
Models for real estate
Models for floor promotions
Models for construction companies and developers
Interior models
This type of models allows the client to see from all kinds of angles the
the arrangement of each element in space, which is essential for
successfully present any type of project.
We are specialists in the design and creation of this type of models.
we offer comprehensive advice in our service for the model
meet its objective.
Topographic Models
This type of models are usually in large scales and are used
to represent large areas of land. They are widely used for the
description of topographic studies of estates, municipal terms, layouts of
road, etc... which makes representation especially important in
detail of the land and its relief.
What types of topographical models can we manufacture?
Models for estates and municipalities.
Model of Natural Parks.
Didactic planimetric models.
–Models of golf courses.
Historical models and models of monuments
These historical reproductions are scale executions based on a faithful
planimetry and in collaboration with specialized architects to achieve that
the models should be completely faithful to the original monuments.
This type of model has a beautiful memory and can be turned into gifts.
institutional or corporate.
Reconstruction of historical heritage at scale
Museum models.
Models of churches and cathedrals.
Models of monasteries and castles.
Models for museums.
Archaeological Models
Study of archaeological projects and scaling of conclusions
Stratigraphic units
Excavation planimetry
Conclusions of the study (retrospective reconstruction)
Participation in research projects with licensed professionals.
Advisory in musealization and didactics
Materials and tools
The most diverse materials can be used; the choice will depend on the level of
elaboration in which the project is located. To work on each of the
There are specific tools for materials. It's always worth buying.
good quality tools. Before using a new material one must
perform some tests. It is very important to choose the right material regarding
to the final effect that is expected from the model, and in accordance with the experience of the
layout artist, depending on the ease of handling each material.
Thepapercardboardand cardboardrigid foam is used in all phases of design
it is used to trim volumes, thewoodit is one of the most materials
employees in model construction.
Materials
The most important materials can be divided into eleven groups:
Paper, cardstock, and cardboard.
Rigid foam.
Moldable materials.
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Methylmethacrylate,polystyrene.
Metals
Paintings.
Objects found in nature and in industry.
Small objects.
Glues, adhesive tape, and self-adhesive paper.
Paper, cardboard, and carton
They are used in all phases of design, they are obtained quickly, economical,
easy to manipulate and simple to shape. The most common size is 70 x 100
cm. or 61 x 68 cm. There are cardboard sheets to build models from different brands.
Cardboard is distinguished from white cardstock by its gray color, due to its
content made of recycled or brown paper.
Rigid foam
It is usually used to trim volumes or surfaces, especially in models.
of concept and work in the field of urbanism or when they have to
to create special models in the field of object design.
Moldable materials
The designer needs plaster to make corrections or additions, or to
to mold a terrain or an object plastically. To build models it is
It is preferable to use white alabaster plaster. The crack sealants are used the same way as plaster.
although they harden faster. Clay and modeling clay are two materials
totally molded and also recyclable.
Wood
It is one of the most commonly used materials in model building.
Woodsolid. It has its own color and texture, the buildings made with
wood is often painted, which is why light woods are preferable. -Boards
made of wood. Mainly as a support base for the model. -Boards of
carpenter. They have a thickness from 13 to 45 mm, width up to 123 cm.
length of up to 510m. - Resin boards. Formed by a mixture of pieces of
wood and synthetic resins. -Particle boards. Made from chips
made of wood and glue.
Glass
Mineral glassglasscurrent). It is hard and is hardly used for construction.
models. To ensure the edges are straight, it must be cut with a diamond.
supported by a ruler. The cuts with a curved shape must be made by a
specialist. The thinnest glass is approximately 1.8mm thick and the
more common between 3 and 4mm.
Methyl methacrylate, polyethylene
Methyl methacrylate, it is a synthetic material, lightweight, elastic and much more.
easier to cut than mineral glass. It can be found in many variants,
transparent, translucent, opaque, in different colors and textures, polished, rough
brilliant, matte. etc. Polystyrene. White and gray in color, it resembles methacrylate
Although it is opaque. Special adhesives are used to bond acrylic.
Metals
They use wires, sheets, profiles, and metal meshes to reproduce
structures, metal constructions or facades, if not also to offer a
interpretation of our project idea or achieving a special effect. It
they use these materials to build structures of some buildings, some
facades and for special effects.
Paintings
Small wooden elements are usually spray painted with several layers.
thin. The most commonly used paints are the soluble [Link] or similar.
They are used to paint small wooden elements among other things with
watercolors or tempera.
Objects found in nature or industry
To represent trees and shrubs or to reproduce elements that give an idea
of the scale such as cars, streetlights, and furniture, but also elements
Constructive. Objects that you already have can be used to representtrees
cars, furniture, and all these objects give a clearer idea of the scale that is
use.
Glues, adhesive tape, and self-adhesive paper
When gluing, three aspects must be taken into account: Stability of the material against
the solvents of the glue. Shape and size of the surface to be glued and
Surface preparation for gluing.
White glue, made from synthetic resins dissolved in water, due to its
water content deforms the papers.
Based on solvents, they consist of synthetic resins, the film of
The glue hardens as the solvent evaporates.
Instant glues exist for materials with pores and without them, they can be
use for metals, plastics, glasses, porcelains, fabrics, and rubbers." They need to
consider several factors when choosing the right glue, for example
the type of paper because water-based adhesives deform some types
of paper.
Tools
A minimum of tools will be needed, and they must be of good quality.
To measure and mark
Rules ofsteel
Carrier
Squads
Compass with two points
To cut and separate
Cutters
Square and rulers for cutting
Punch game
Curved scope
Saw for wood and metal
Small steel saws