Understanding Magnetic Forces and Fields
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding Magnetic Forces and Fields
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsINTRODUCTION
Magnetic phenomena were first observed when
less than 2500 years ago, with fragments of magnetized iron ore nearby
from the ancient city of Magnesia. Those pieces were examples of what now
we call permanent magnets that exert forces on each other and on
pieces of iron that are not magnetized. Magnets have two poles.
one end is called the North Pole or Pole N; the other end is the South Pole or Pole
Opposite poles attract and like poles repel.
The Earth itself is a magnet. Its geographic north pole is near the pole
magnet, which is the reason why the north pole of a needle
The compass points to the terrestrial north. The magnetic axis of our planet is not aligned with the geographic north.
parallel to its geographical axis, so the reading of a compass deviates a
a little from the geographic north.
I. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
For a long time we have been wondering about the forces and the field.
Earth's magnetism, to be certain, a clear example is magnets which
they attract objects which contain iron, hence this investigation report
We raised the following questions:
How can a magnetic field attract a body?
2. What is the relationship between force and the magnetic field?
II. OBJECTIVES.
2.1. General
The present work aims to investigate basic concepts of the
force and magnetic field, as well as its origin in
relation to the attraction of bodies.
2.2. Specifics:
Investigate concepts of Magnetic Field, Understand some
applications of the magnetic field.
Acquire prior knowledge regarding force and the magnetic field.
III. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
3.1. Magnetic force
The magnetic force is a consequence of the electromagnetic force.
one of the four fundamental forces of nature. It occurs whenever
There are moving charges in interacting objects. Two objects whose charges
those moving in the same direction experience an attractive magnetic force
between them. Similarly, two objects whose charges move in directions
opposite poles experience a repulsive magnetic force between them.
In our article about magnetic fields, we learned how a
A moving charge surrounds itself with a magnetic field. In this
In context, the magnetic force is a force that arises from the interaction between
magnetic fields.
3.1.1. Determine the magnetic force
Consider two objects. The magnitude of the magnetic field between them.
it depends on how much load there is and how much movement there is in each of them and
how far apart they are from each other. The direction of the force depends on the
relative directions of movement of the charge in each case.
The usual way to proceed to find the magnetic force is
framed in terms of a fixed amount of charge q that moves at a
constant speed v in a uniform magnetic field B. If we do not know
directly the magnitude of the magnetic field, we can continue using this
method, for we can often calculate the magnetic field based on the
distance to a known current.
The magnetic force is described by the Lorentz force law:
F = qv × B
3.2. Magnetic Field
A magnetic field is an idea that we use as a tool to
describe how a magnetic force is distributed in the space around
inside something magnetic.
Most of us are familiar with magnetic objects.
everyday and we recognize that there can be forces between them.
We understand that magnets have two poles and that depending on their
opposites attract (opposite poles) or repel (like poles), and we know
that there is a region around them where this happens. The magnetic field
describe this region.
We typically represent the magnetic field in two different ways:
We mathematically describe the magnetic field as a field
vectorial. We can directly represent this field as a set of
vectors drawn on a grid. Each vector points in the direction of the
it would act like a compass and its magnitude depends on the magnetic force.
Fix many compasses in a grid pattern and place this
pattern in a magnetic field illustrates this technique. The only difference in this
the case is that a compass does not show the intensity of the field.
An alternative way to represent the information contained in a
The vector field is represented by field lines. In this representation,
we omit the grid and connect the vectors with smooth lines. We can
draw as many lines as we want.
The description by means of field lines has some properties.
tools:
Magnetic field lines never cross.
Magnetic field lines naturally pile up in the
regions where the field is more intense. This means that the density
field lines indicate its intensity.
Magnetic field lines do not start or end anywhere.
they always form closed curves and continue within a material
magnetic (although we don't always draw them this way).
We need a way to indicate the direction of the field. For this, to
sometimes we draw arrows over the lines, although sometimes we don't.
in these cases, we must indicate the address in some other way. For reasons
historical, the convention is to label one region as 'north' and another as 'south'
and draw only the lines that go from one 'pole' to the other, as well as assume that the
lines go from north to south. We usually place the labels 'N' and 'S' on the
extremes of a magnetic field source, although, strictly speaking,
this is arbitrary and there is nothing special about these regions.
In the real world, we can visualize the field lines in a way
simple. We commonly do it with iron filings spread around
from a surface close to something magnetic. Each particle of the filings
acts like a small magnet with a north pole and a south pole. The particles
The shavings naturally separate from each other because of the similar poles.
they repel each other. The result is a pattern similar to field lines. While
that the general pattern will always be the same, the exact position and density of
The lines of filing depend on how their particles fall, their size, and their...
magnetic properties.
3.2.1. What is the origin of the magnetic field?
The magnetic field occurs whenever a charge is in motion.
As more load is put in more movement, the magnitude of the field
magnetic grows.
Magnetism and magnetic fields are an aspect of force
electromagnetic, one of the four fundamental forces of nature.
There are two basic ways in which we can achieve that a load
move, thus generating a useful magnetic field:
1. Generate a current flow in a wire; for example, by connecting a
wire to a battery. As we increase the current (amount of
moving charge), the magnetic field increases
proportionally. If we move away from the wire, the field decreases from
inversely proportional to the distance. Ampere's law
describe this phenomenon. Simplified to tell us what the field is
magnetic at a distance from a very long wire through which a
current I, the law establishes that:
2. Exploit the fact that electrons (which are charged) seem
to have some movement around the nuclei of the atoms. That's right
how permanent magnets work. As we know from
experience, only some "special" materials can become
magnets and some magnets are much stronger than others, so
certain specific conditions are necessary:
Although atoms often have many electrons, mostly
they are 'paired' in such a way that the total magnetic field of a pair
cancel. We say that two electrons paired in this way have
opposite spins. Thus, if we want something to be magnetic, we need
atoms that have one or more unpaired electrons with the same
spine. Iron, for example, is a 'special' material that has
four of such electrons, and therefore it is good for making magnets.
Even a small piece of material contains billions of
atoms. If all are oriented randomly, the total field
it is canceled, regardless of how many unpaired electrons it has
piece. The material has to be stable enough to
ambient temperature to allow for an orientation to be established
preferential. If this orientation is established permanently,
So we have a permanent magnet, also known as
iron man.
Some materials can only be ordered enough to become
magnetics when under the presence of a magnetic field
external. The external field aligns upwards the spins of all the
electrons, but this alignment disappears once the ceases the
external field. We say that this type of materials are
paramagnetic.
The metal of a refrigerator door is an example of a material
paramagnetic. The door itself is not magnetic, but it behaves
like a magnet when we place another magnet on top of it. So,
both magnets attract each other enough to hold the list of
sandwiched purchases among them.
IV. HYPOTHESIS
H1: It is believed that the magnetic field is a point created by two
forces such as a magnet allow and the magnetic field of the Earth, since
this produces the attraction of bodies composed of iron.
H2: The magnitude of the force can be provided according to the
intensity of the magnetic field.
V. DISCUSSIONS
According to the investigation carried out, we can specify that the force holds
relationship with magnetism, which depends on the intensity of the field
magnetic, which is part of the Lorentz force that measures a
observer on a distribution of charges in motion. The forces
magnetic fields are produced by the movement of charged particles, such as
electrons, which indicates the close relationship between electricity and the
magnetism.
In the case of attraction, magnetic derives from one of the very well-known theories.
related to the gravity discovered by Newton, which causes that
Any body that has a greater amount of mass will have greater gravity.
but something very interesting when it is said that everything is attracted by the center
magnetic of the earth, such is the case of the magnet and the poles.
VI. CONCLUSIONS
Well, as a conclusion to all this we've seen, we can say in
summary that magnetism is a physical phenomenon by which
Materials exert forces of attraction or repulsion on others
Materials. Magnetism is used for the design of all motors.
and generators, and electromagnets; the word magnetism has its origin in
an island of the Aegean Sea. The magnetism of materials is the result
of the movement of electrons within their atoms. The atoms in the
Magnetic materials orient in one direction and in the non
magnets are oriented randomly.
Magnetic forces are produced by the movement of particles.
charged, such as electrons, which indicates the close relationship
between electricity and magnetism. The magnetic force between magnets
and/or electromagnets is a residual effect of the magnetic force between
loads in motion.
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY
[INF 2009] p, Infante. "Basic Electromagnetism and Introduction to Circuits"
electric
[ZEM 2001] s, Zemansky 'University Physics with Modern Physics'
Twelfth edition.
Physics for Science and Engineering
LINCOGRAPHY
The provided text is a URL and cannot be translated.
What is magnetic force
[Link]
Figure 1. Magnetic field