What is handball?

The word handball, also known as balonmano, is

originating from Germany. It is a modern sport and the youngest
among those that are played with a ball. It consists of a sport of
field in which two teams composed of
seven players, six of them field players and one goalkeeper, whose
the main objective is to place the ball in the opponent's goal
opposite to score the most goals. The origin of
handball dates back to Greece, where it was practiced a
sport called Ukraine that was very well described by Homer
in the Odyssey. In 1890 a gymnastics instructor Konrad Koch
I create a game similar to handball called
Raffaballspied.
HANDBALL RULES
The playing field. The field must measure 20 meters by 40.
metros. The goal area line, or 6-meter line, is the line
more important. No one except the goalkeeper has permission to
to be in the goal area. The goal opening is 2 meters
by 3 meters. Players can enter the area if the
the ball is thrown before landing in the area.
The ball. Handball is played with a leather ball made of 32 panels. For women, the ball is 54 to
56 centimeters and 325 to 400 grams. For men, it is 58 to 60 centimeters and 425 to 475 grams.
Number of players. There are seven players on each team (six court players and one goalkeeper).
a maximum of 12 players can dress and participate in a game for each team. The substitutes can
enter the game at any time through the substitution zone, as long as the player who
they are replacing has left the field.
Players' uniform. The players' numbers are from 1 to 20. The shirts and shorts.
The uniforms are of the same color. The goalkeeper must wear a shirt of a different color than his teammates' shirts.
companions and opponents. Jewelry is not allowed.
Referees. There are two referees, a field referee and a goal line referee. The referees have full authority.
authority: Their decisions are final. The referees are assisted by a timer and a scorekeeper.
Game duration. For players aged 18 and older, the game consists of 2 halves of 30 minutes with
a 10-minute intermission. For tournaments and youth games, 2 halves of 15 minutes or 2 halves of 20
minutes. The teams change sides at halftime. If there are no goals, the game ends in a draw.
less than the game requires a winner. The tournament rules dictate that a winner must be determined. The
overtime consists of 2 periods of 5 minutes.
Passive play. It is illegal to keep the ball in a team's possession without making a recognizable attempt to
attack and try to score.
Coin toss. The team that wins the coin toss begins the game in possession of the ball.
Each team must be in its own half of the field with the defense 3 meters from the ball. After the
whistle, the ball is passed from the central court to a teammate and the game begins. The throw
It is repeated after each goal scored and after half time.
Scoring. A goal is scored when the entire ball crosses the goal line inside the goal.
score a goal from any launch.
Play the ball. A player is not allowed to:
Endanger an opponent with the ball
Hitting or pulling the opponent or hitting the ball out of the opponent's hands
Contact the ball below the knee.
Crawling on the ground to grab a rolling or stationary ball
Defending against the opponent. A player is allowed to use their torso to obstruct an opponent.
with or without the ball. However, the use of arms or stretched legs to obstruct is not allowed,
push, hold, shoot or hit. The attacking player cannot charge at a defensive player.
Goal kick. A throw-in is awarded when the ball goes out of bounds at the sideline or
when the ball is touched by a defensive player (excluding the goalkeeper) and goes out of bounds. The
the throw-in is taken from the point where the ball crossed the sideline, or if it crossed the goal line, from the
nearest corner. The pitcher must place one foot on the sideline to execute the throw. All the
opposing players must remain 3 meters away from the ball.
Referee throw. A referee throw is awarded when the ball touches anything above the
The court after a simultaneous infraction of the rules, following the simultaneous possession of the ball. The
The referee throws the ball vertically between two opposing players. The players who are going to jump can
grab the ball or lightly hit a teammate. All other players must be at
3 meters from the shot. The referee's play is always taken on the center court.
Free kick. When there is a foul or minor infraction, a free kick is awarded to the opponent at the spot.
exactly in which it took place. If the foul or violation occurs between the goal line and the 9-meter line, the
the shot is taken from the nearest post outside the 9-meter line. The thrower must keep one foot on
contact with the ground, then pass or throw.
7-meter throw. The 7-meter throw is awarded when:
A foul destroys a clear opportunity to score.
The goalkeeper takes the ball back to his own goal area.
A defensive player enters their goal area to gain an advantage over an attacking player.
possession of the ball.
All players must be out of the free throw line when the shot is executed. The player taking the
the launch has 3 seconds to shoot after the referee's whistle. Any player can execute.
the launch of 7 meters.
Goal kick. A goal kick is awarded when:
The ball bounces off the goalkeeper on the goal line
The ball is thrown over the goal line by the attacking team.
The goalkeeper executes the shot inside the goal area and is not restricted by the 3 steps rule.
seconds.
Progressive punishments:
The punishments belong to offenses that require more punishment than a simple free kick. The "actions" directed
mainly to the opponent and not to the ball (like reaching, holding, pushing, hitting, stumbling and jumping
about an opponent) must be punished gradually.
Warnings
Yellow card: The referee gives a single warning to a player for rule violations and a total of three to
a team. Exceeding these limits results in 2-minute suspensions. No are required.
warnings before giving a 2-minute suspension. The 2-minute suspensions are granted by
serious or repeated rule violations.
Unsportsmanlike conduct or illegal substitution: The team of the suspended player plays for 2 minutes.
Disqualification and exclusion
Red card: A disqualification equals three, suspensions of 2 minutes. A disqualified player must
leave the field and the bench, but the team can replace the player after it expires
2-minute suspension. A dismissal for aggression is given. The team of the excluded player continues with a
player for the rest of the game.
AN ACTIVITY RELATED TO HANDBALL

SPORTS CALL: ELEMENTS, WHAT IT IS FOR

A sports call (in some cases also called a competition) consists of the invitation
addressed to the general public for participation in a specific sporting event, which may encompass
disciplines as varied as soccer, basketball, board games, and video games.
Other authors also define this concept as a
resource that the coach of a certain
team when selecting the players that
they will form the official group. The call uses a
series of tests conducted over a period to measure
the skills and capacities of the participants and
choose the best.
This invitation must be made formally and by
written, so that communication can reach everyone
groups that may be interested in the process. Among
other main objectives highlight that the call
sports also seeks integration and participation of
the community.
Elements
A sports call has three main parts:
Header. Where the names of the authorities and the institution are placed, whether private or
public. If possessing an official corporate image, it should be placed in this same section. Likewise, it is
it is important to highlight the date of issuance of the communication so that potential participants know the
moment in which it was carried out.
Body. An introduction is made with the title 'CALL FOR PROPOSALS', which can be written in uppercase letters.
Next, the reason for the call is described and, if possible, the laws or norms are placed.
which are subject to the realization of this type of events. Then, the bases of the call will be indicated.
which may include the following: start date of the activities, the duration of them —for
They generally last several weeks—, the space where it will take place, requirements to be met for registration, the
number of competencies and authorities involved. In some structures, the type of
uniform or clothing to be used, the regulations by which the competitions will be governed in the different
disciplines and the awards that will be held.
Closure. In some of these communications, it concludes by naming the organizers and others again.
involved authorities. Finally, their signatures are included, and if desired, a last one can be placed.
invitation.
Basic structure
Place and start date.
Categories and disciplines.
Registrations and costs.
Tests to be performed.
Uniforms and clothing.
General expenses.
Judges, referees, and other authorities involved.
Rules and regulations that must be respected throughout the event. In some cases, they are introduced.
corresponding penalties when a violation occurs.
Award Ceremony.