1.1.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

In the community of La Cumbre in the municipality of San Francisco El Alto, Totonicapán department.
large accumulations of waste and garbage are an increasingly significant problem in the community that
originates from large population agglomerations

This problem we face every day is very difficult to manage in our natural environment.
as a consequence of pollution, destruction, the deterioration, which in turn causes diseases that
As time goes by, it is slowly destroying planet Earth.

This major problem in the summit community has developed in the population because the trash does not
it is taken to the municipal landfills, since normally the last destination of the garbage is the rivers
the streets and roads in this case the most affected is the summit and this problem has caused bad odor,
housing for crawling animals and diseases for people close to the places.

The accumulation of trash in the house, school, vacant lots, streets, drains, and the...
Accumulated at the summit and in its decomposition, fungi, bacteria, and many others proliferate.
microorganisms causing diseases and infections that, if not treated, can lead to even
death since it pollutes the air

Among the main diseases caused by the accumulation of garbage are

gastrointestinal infections such as stomach and intestinal infections, as well as amebiasis, cholera, diarrhea and
typhoid, among other things, for the same reason that as a student of the rural university a campaign was created to

general cleaning of the area contaminated by garbage.

HYPOTHESIS
The people at the summit are not interested in having environmental sanitation in the summit area.
San Francisco El Alto, Department of Totonicapán.
[Link]
1.3.1. GENERAL
2. Reduction of air, water, and soil pollution levels in the area of the San summit
Francisco the tall

2.1.1. SPECIFIC
Raise awareness among people about environmental sanitation and its benefits to the population.
Carry out a cleaning campaign
JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM
the pollution from garbage in the area of the summit of San Francisco El Alto in the department of Totonicapán
it is a serious problem and it is due to population growth of thepopulationone of the consequences
what it brings with itprocessof pollution at the summit of San Francisco El Alto department of
Totonicapán, the increase of trash in the mentioned area is harming our planet, and of all
Given this, the inhabitants are not able to be aware of their actions.

They do not realize that pollution can end up killing us as it affects the planet, the environment.
environment, the resources we have to live and ourselves.

As we all know, pollution is a phenomenon that is present in society and that everyone
we have something to do with him, which is why it is believed that it is relevant to carry out a cleaning campaign in

the contaminated areas in the same way raise awareness among people since this allows us in some way
way to tackle the problem. This research is conducted with the aim of eradicating pollution in the
area of the Summit because it is one of the most important issues we have today. I believe
that this affects many aspects of people's lives, mainly in health.

Many people have knowledge of what pollution is, but almost no one knows the
seriousness of the situation, which is why it is important to know more about this phenomenon, as it is considered that

society must be aware of the risks to their health from living in a polluted place. The interest is that
people become aware of their responsibility in preserving the environment and avoid the
degradation of it, as I already said, education is a fundamental part of the basic culture that
every society should have.

[Link]
For the project research, the field method was used.
[Link]
Deductive methods
2.2.2. Techniques
Field techniques such as surveys were used.

II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.1. CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS

DEFINITION OF GARBAGE POLLUTION

Waste pollution is that which causes damage to the soil, air, and water due to the accumulation of
unwanted waste. It is considered that garbage consists of waste deposited in a manner
incorrect and concentrates both solid and liquid waste.

The generation of waste is an inevitable consequence of human activities, but

Unfortunately, all trash causes negative environmental impacts, and in general, it can
pollute any environment of any scope: homes, offices, factories... Currently, beings
Humans are plagued by hazardous waste.

The quantity and type of waste depends on each region or country, but consumerism and the number of
inhabitants are related to the amount of waste generated, which leads to pollution
it becomes a problem CAUSES OF POLLUTION BY GARBAGE
Pollution from garbage is one of the most visible effects of human occupation on the planet.
but this does not mean that the mere act of populating it contaminates. The main cause of pollution
It is, as already mentioned, the improper management of waste.

There is much more behind poor waste management, of course. This pollution is a
complex problem that begins with the manufacturing of products, as the creation process also
original byproducts that can be solid or organic waste.

Frequently, when a country grows economically, the demand for goods grows alongside it.
consumption, which are replaced every certain period. When they are finished using, what?
Proceed? Indeed, throw them into the waste basket, which will go to a landfill. However,
a lot of trash does not go into the bins, but can be thrown outdoors, contaminating the soil, the
water and consequently, the air.

Sometimes, the trash that ends up on the ground or in the water can decompose and emit gases like
methane; this means that waste has the ability to contaminate the three basic environments of life
on Earth.

EFFECTS OF POLLUTION FROM GARBAGE

Pollution caused by trash can affect the visual image of nature, as well as health.
of living beings. The water surface is contaminated by waste thrown into it, but the truth
the toxic substances that emanate from the waste negatively alter its composition, and given
which is consumed by plants, animals, and humans, causes serious diseases. Likewise, the
air and soil pollution alters their composition and can hinder growth of the
life.

On the other hand, piled-up garbage attracts insects and other undesirable animals, becoming a
focus of infection that makes people sick. The management of tons of garbage also constitutes
high costs to governments.

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO POLLUTION CAUSED BY TRASH

It is worth emphasizing that attempts to eliminate waste through landfills do not
form a true solution to avoid pollution. Instead, the migration of the
biological compounds into other environments contaminate not only the soil but also the water and air.
Burning garbage is not a solution either, considering the gases that are released into the atmosphere.

The ideal solutions are related to the management of waste from consumer products. For
Hello, education in waste management becomes essential as the world population grows, and
it focuses on teaching three activities: reducing consumption, recycling products, and reusing them
also. From a broader perspective, some government conservation departments
environmental ones focus on addressing the problem from the production of goods, modifying the
packaging and incorporating elements into the industrial infrastructure that facilitate recycling and
reuse

The ecological problems caused by waste

There is a reality that advances silently, but it can dangerously affect our quality.
of life. We talked about the greatincrease in waste generationwhat is observed all over the planet,
both in solid, liquid, or gaseous form. In this way, the contamination of soils and watercourses
water increases greatly, with consequences that can become truly compromising
for life on the planet.

The accumulation of different types of waste is an urban problem that most cities face.
from the world cannot be resolved organically. This causes immense sources of pollution,
capable of reproducing diseases of all kinds and transferring that contamination to the currents
underground water and, even, introduce new toxic elements into the food chain.

A major issue in cities is the mixing of industrial waste with refuse from
home. Dangerous contaminating fluids combine with household waste, only to be left to
open sky in precarious landfills or dispose of themselves in watercourses. In many coastal cities
maritime waste is often disposed of directly into the sea, practically without any treatment.

Pollution that advances

Over time, these landfills will undergo severe environmental degradation that will affect the soil, to the
water and air. This will eliminate the original vegetation layer of the place, a deep process will occur
soil erosion will occur and contaminating microorganisms will be released.

The land will lose some of its most important characteristics, such as its porosity conditions,
permeability or texture. Likewise, the more the area is contaminated, the greater the complexity will be to
subsequently achieve ecological rehabilitation in the face of the accumulation of heavy metals and others
highly hazardous substances.

Necessary processes to reduce waste

To reduce these inconveniences, it is necessary for city councils around the world
carry outrecycling programs and waste separation, simultaneously promoting the
production with clean and sustainable technologies, which thereby register a lower environmental cost.

In addition, the places designated for waste accumulation must meet all the conditions.
necessary to avoid thesoil pollutionthe water and the air of the place. In the same sense, it must
to provide oneself with amore responsible consumptionon the part of the population, in order to accumulate smaller amounts

of waste.

It is logical that the development of these advancements means an extra cost for cities, but it would be necessary to
to think if this money is not well invested, by ensuring the quality of life of future generations
that will inhabit the planet.

Impacts caused by Waste

The word garbage comes from the Latin 'versura', derived from verrere, which means 'to sweep'; for this reason
one could say that the original meaning was 'that which has been swept away'

Garbage is the great problem of every day and a drama for a city like Managua, which has
with poor garbage collection and citizens who are very poorly educated about what to do with the
garbage, citizens do not know what to do with so much waste that is a source of bad odors, of
infections and diseases, environmental contamination, and pests; they do not want to have in their homes
these pollutants and believing that they get rid of them, they throw them in makeshift dump sites in the
corners, in the streets, in channels, in vacant lots and along the roads, there is practically no place in
Managua should not be turning into a garbage dump.

This is a problem that, if not addressed properly and with the appropriate priority, can become a snowball.
snow of unknown dimensions. The word garbage comes from the Latin 'versura', derived from verrere,
what does 'to sweep' mean. For this, it can be said that the original meaning was 'what has been swept'. The
waste constitutes a problem not only for our society but for all societies of the
planet, especially for large cities.

Due to overpopulation, modern human activities and consumerism have increased significantly.
the amount of waste we generate, along with the inefficient management of waste
causes problems such as pollution, which creates health issues and environmental damage.
The garbage is burned or taken to landfills, which constitutes in one way or another a set of
problems of various kinds.

The overexploitation of natural resources and pollution threaten the regenerative capacity of
natural systems. The classification of waste, by its composition can be organic waste which is
All waste of biological origin was once alive or was part of a living being, for example: the
leaves, peels and seeds of fruits, bones, etc.
Regarding inorganic waste, it is all waste of biological origin, that is, of industrial origin or
some other non-natural process, for example: plastic, synthetic fabrics, etc. Hazardous waste, whether
of biological origin or not, it constitutes a potential danger and therefore should be treated as such, for
example: infectious medical material, radioactive material, acids and corrosive chemical substances.

Types of waste

Six groups of inorganic waste produced in the home can be distinguished. These are metal and cans
soft drinks, beers, powdered milk, etc.; plastic bags, glass bottles, containers and bottles of
plastic, paper, cardboard, milk containers, newspaper, etc.

When throwing things away like we do, mixing waste in a disorderly manner.
mainly with organic waste, the garbage becomes foul-smelling and dangerous to health.
If we throw these waste anywhere we please, many inorganic wastes will remain.
buried without decomposing for hundreds of years, which causes severe damage to the environment.

Impact of garbage

Garbage is a big problem for our country, we ourselves do not know what to do with it, we do not
we have neither learned nor have been taught how to separate the trash nor do we have the culture of
recycling, without realizing it, we are harming ourselves, so far we have
saving from diseases and pests; but little by little we have been contaminating our rivers, lakes and
our seas, the air we breathe is no longer as healthy as it was ten years ago and what is worse, we have
converted almost the entire country into a landfill, wherever we go we will see garbage dumps. One
One of the irrevocable effects is that we have contributed to the weakening of the ozone layer, which protects
a the beings lives of the radiation ultraviolet of the rays del sol.

Unfortunately, it seems that we do not care for our country, nor do we feel part of nature or the
environment because we do not become aware and do not measure the damage we do to the country and to
environment, nor the harm we do to ourselves and to our children.

An average family (consisting of five people) produces one cubic meter of garbage, which is
Translate in terms of the entire city, in three million cubic meters. To that accounted waste.
let's sum up what is thrown in the hundreds of landfills scattered throughout the country or in Managua to be
more specifically, it would amount to more than three million cubic meters that we have to look to do
with her, but if you do not become aware this amount will increase and, one fine day we will be victims of
our lack of control.

Diseases caused by garbage

The accumulation of garbage creates breeding grounds for infections, the proliferation of pests, and diseases.

gastrointestinal, respiratory, and fungal (caused by fungi), proliferation of mosquitoes that

they transmit classic dengue and hemorrhagic dengue, etc. The accumulation of garbage in the house, the school,
vacant lots, streets, drainage systems, and landfills result in unsanitary places because
the waste is mixed, organic and inorganic, and in its decomposition proliferate
fungi, bacteria, and many other microorganisms that cause diseases or infections that if not
handled can cause up to death.

The accumulation of solid waste in the open air is the suitable environment for rats, flies, and
mosquitoes, fungi, and bacteria develop in large quantities and in short periods of time; as
As a consequence, infection hotspots are generated, common in vacant lots and little-trafficked streets.

Among the main diseases caused by the accumulation of garbage are

gastrointestinal infections such as infections of the stomach and intestines, as well as amebiasis, cholera, diarrhea and

typhoid, among others. The air carries millions of microorganisms from garbage that when inhaled
they cause infections of the respiratory tract such as laryngitis and pharyngitis.

Fungal diseases are common in people who are in places where there is
accumulation of garbage, this promotes the development of fungi and bacteria that when in contact with the
skin causes irritations and infections. Trash promotes the proliferation of rodents, fleas, flies,
etcetera, are an important factor in the transmission of bacteria and viruses that cause diseases in humans.
human like the bubonic plague, rabies or others caused by fungi such as the

2.2. LEGAL ASPECT

PRESIDENCY OF THE REPUBLIC Agrees to approve the National Policy for Integrated Management of
Solid Waste and Refuse

GOVERNMENT AGREEMENT No. 111-2005 Guatemala April 4, 2005

Article 1. Approve the National Policy for the Comprehensive Management of Solid Waste and Refuse.

Law on Protection and Improvement of the Environment

Article 4: The State shall ensure that the planning of national development is compatible with
need to protect, conserve and improve the environment. Article 5: The discharge and emission of
pollutants that affect the systems and elements indicated in article 10 of this law, must
subject to the rules applicable to it and its regulations. Article 6: (Amended by the Decree of
Congress No. 75-91): The soil, subsoil, and boundaries of national waters cannot serve as a reservoir of
contaminated environmental or radioactive wastes. Those materials and products
contaminants that are prohibited from being used in their country of origin cannot be introduced into the
national territory.

Article 7: The introduction into the country, by any means, of human or animal excrement is prohibited.
household or municipal waste and its derivatives, sewage sludge or sludges, treated or not, as well as
toxic waste from industrial processes that contain substances that can infect,
to contaminate and/or degrade the environment and endanger the life and health of the inhabitants,
including among them the mixtures or chemical combinations, heavy metal residues, waste from
radioactive materials, acids and alkalis of certain, bacteria, viruses, eggs, larvae, spores, and
fungi, zoo, and plant pathogens. Article 8: (Amended by Decree of Congress Number 1-93) For all
project, work, industry or any other activity that due to its characteristics can cause damage to
renewable or non-renewable natural resources, to the environment, or introduce harmful or notable modifications to it

landscape and the cultural resources of the national heritage, it will be necessary prior to its development a
environmental impact assessment study, carried out by subject matter experts and approved by the
Environmental Commission. The official who fails to require the Environmental Impact Study of
In accordance with this Article, he/she will be personally responsible for failure to fulfill duties, as well as
The individual who fails to comply with said Environmental Impact study will be sanctioned with a fine.
from Q5,000.00 to Q100,000.00. If this requirement is not met within a term of six months of
having been fined, the business will be closed until compliance is achieved. Article 9: The National Commission of
Environmental Protection is empowered to require from individuals or legal entities, all
information that leads to the verification of compliance with the regulations prescribed by this law and its
regulations. Article 10: The executive body through the National Environmental Commission
environment, will carry out the surveillance and inspection that it deems necessary for compliance with the
present law. For this purpose, authorized personnel will have access to the places or establishments in question.
such surveillance and inspection, as long as it does not concern housing, since if that were the case it must have
order of competent judge.

Chapter I Of the atmospheric system Article 14: To prevent atmospheric pollution and maintain
the quality of the air, the Government, through this law, will issue the corresponding regulations and
will issue the provisions that are necessary to: a) Promote the use of appropriate methods for
reduce pollutant emissions; b) Promote national and international actions
necessary to protect the quality of the atmosphere; c) Regulate the contaminating substances that
they cause inconvenient disturbances in the atmosphere; d) Regulate the existence of places that cause
emissions; e) Regulate the pollution produced by the consumption of different energy sources; f)
Establish sampling stations or networks to detect and locate sources of pollution
atmospheric; g) Investigate and control any other cause or source of atmospheric pollution;

2.3. HISTORICAL ASPECT

the pollution from garbage in the area of the summit of San Francisco El Alto, Totonicapán department
for a long time since the first merchants scattered the remnants of garbage in
the streets of that place, which is why they decided to accumulate it at the summit for the past 20 years.
this contamination, the ancestors had regulations to not contaminate the nearby areas of the
households but this started to fade and they began to throw a lot of garbage in the aforementioned area and
this was causing an infestation of worms, flies, and bacteria expert in recycling matter
organic. What a difference from the mountains of waste that until not long ago were accumulating in the
landfills of the community. One of the many collateral damages of civilization, a source of evils
smells and diseases, and many headaches for urban managers. This is the story of the
trash and its relationship with the population.

2.4. REFERENTIAL ASPECT

The pollution from trash in the area of the summit of San Francisco El Alto department
Totonicapán is involving the inhabitants of the community, therefore a campaign is important.
environmental sanitation and to raise awareness among the residents of the summit to recycle their waste. With the
support from the municipality that will provide funding for the purchase of collection
of garbage

2.4.1. MACRO LOCATION

The pollution from garbage in the area of the summit of San Francisco El Alto department
Totonicapán Quetzaltenango, a general cleaning campaign of the area will be carried out for its eradication.
contaminated from the summit of San Francisco El Alto department of Totonicapán.

2.4.2. MICROLEVEL LOCATION

The project will be carried out in La Cumbre de San Francisco El Alto.

III. PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS

RESULTS TABLE

Do you know the problems that waste pollution brings to living beings?

YES NO EMPTY TOTAL

90 10 0 100

GRAPHIC PRESENTATION

YES NO IN BLANK TOTAL

50% 45%

5%

0%

The statistical process reveals that 45% of the population is aware.

the problems of pollution from garbage and 50% do not know about it
It is so important to conduct training on the subject.
 RESULTS TABLE

Would you like to participate in a general cleaning campaign at the summit?

EN
YES NO TOTAL WHITE
75 20 5 100

GRAPHIC PRESENTATION

YES NO IN WHITE TOTAL

37%
50%

10%

3%

The statistical process reveals that 37%

The population wants to participate in the cleaning campaign.
from the summit area and 10% would not like to participate because of it
so much so that most people want to participate in that activity
it is important that the activity is carried out.
 RESULTS TABLE

3. Would you like the summit area to be clean?

YES NO EMPTY TOTAL

100 0 0 100

GRAPHIC PRESENTATION

YES NO Blank TOTAL

50%
50%

0% 0%

The statistical process indicates that 50%

the population wants the summit area to be clean and
0% would not like it therefore that the majority wants it to be
the area is clean, the need to carry out the campaign is evident
cleaning.
 RESULTS TABLE

Do you have knowledge of the diseases caused by pollution?

from the summit for the garbage?

YES NO IN WHITE TOTAL

80 10 10 100

GRAPHIC PRESENTATION

YES NO IN WHITE TOTAL

40%

50%

5%
5%

The statistical process shows that 40%

of the population has knowledge of the different
diseases caused by garbage pollution
the summit 5% does not have the knowledge therefore it is not
it is necessary to expose the problems caused by this
pollution.
RESULT TABLE

Has any public or private institution shown interest in carrying out a cleanup?
in the summit area?

YES NO IN WHITE TOTAL

0 100 0 100

GRAPHIC PRESENTATION

Chart Title
YES
0%

TOTAL NO
50% 50%

BLANK
0%

The statistical process reveals that 50%

 the population mentions that no public institution and
The private sector has shown interest in conducting a cleaning campaign.
At the summit, it is therefore important to clean the area.
contaminated..

IV. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

4.1. CONCLUSIONS

Waste pollution is a problem that can be observed across different areas that
surrounds the community of the summit of San Francisco El Alto, cleanup campaign in the most affected area
by the inhabitants and merchants of that place.

It is evident that those large amounts of garbage will affect the environment, whether in the quality of
air when gases from the decomposition of waste arrive at it; from the soil when the
waste is incorporated into it, or from the water if the waste is dumped into it or simply if they are
dragged by the rains.

The summit does not receive assistance from government institutions regarding waste management.
solid support, that is, technical assistance. There is no help from private companies, so
The garbage has accumulated in the area.

4.2 RECOMMENDATIONS

It is suggested to create an internal regulation that prohibits littering in the summit area.

It is suggested to implement environmental education for the residents of the summit.

It is suggested to make environmental sanitation proposals to the municipality of San Francisco El Alto.
 V. BIBLIOGRAPHY

Documentary

We must promote campaigns against pollution.

06-95, p. A6 - A7.

Gamonal, Felipe. "The threat of dirty air" (special report). In: Ojo. Lima, 18-
05-99, p. 12-13