The long extension (root hair) of the root hair cell increases
surface area, leading to a faster uptake of water and dissolved
mineral salts.
Nitrate ions are needed to make proteins (by adding nitrogen
atoms to carbohydrate).
Magnesium ions are needed to make chlorophyll.
The upper surface has very little stomata and is covered with a
layer of wax that stops water passing through. The underside has
more stomata. Water vapour can diffuse out from the air spaces,
through the stomata.
GETTING STARTED PG 155
YES, THEY BOTH NEED WATER FOR TRANSPORT AND COOLING
HUMANS NEED WATER FOR GETTING RID OF WASTE MATERIALS
IN URINE
PLANTS USE WATER FOR SUPPORT AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood and is carried to the
lungs. There, it diffuses from the blood capillaries into the
alveoli. It is removed from the body in expired air during
exhalation.
Plants make their own proteins, using carbohydrates from
photosynthesis and nitrates absorbed from the soil. So, they are
unlikely to have excess proteins that they need to get rid of.
oxygen, glucose, vitamins, minerals
carbon dioxide and urea
Vitamin A for good vision for the mother and the fetus, and for
their white blood cells to fight pathogens.
Vitamin C for strong skin and blood vessels for both the mother and
the fetus.
Vitamin D for strong bones and teeth for both the mother and the
fetus.
protein: meat, fish, pulses, milk and other dairy products
carbohydrate: bread, rice, potatoes, pasta, cereal grains
iron: meat, dark green vegetables, fish and shellfish, nuts and seeds
calcium: dairy products, nuts and seeds
vitamin A: green vegetables, carrots, squash, fruit, dairy products,
fish
vitamin C: citrus fruits, potatoes, colourful berries
vitamin D: oily fish