Step-Up Autotransformer Calculations
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ScribdTranslationsStep-Up Autotransformer Calculations
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ScribdTranslationsEXAMPLE 1
A 100 VA transformer and 120/12 V is connected to form a
step-up autotransformer. If a primary voltage of 120 V is applied to
transformer.
a) What is the secondary voltage of the transformer?
b) What is its maximum capacity in volt-amperes in this operating mode?
c) Calculate the nominal advantage of this connection as an autotransformer over the
nominal advantage in a conventional operation of 120/12 V.
Solution
To achieve a step-up transformation with a primary of 120 V, the ratio
of turns between the primary winding NC and the turns in the series winding
The NSE in this transformer must be 120:12 (or 10:1).
a) This transformer is used as a step-up transformer. The secondary voltage
is VA and, from the equation:
b) The maximum value in volt-amperes in either of the two windings of
this transformer is 100 VA. How much apparent input power or
Can you supply the output? To find the answer, it must be examined.
the series winding. The voltage VSEin the winding is 12 V and the value in
the volt-amperes of the winding is 100 VA. Therefore, the current of the
maximum series winding is:
Due to the fact that ISEit is equal to the secondary current IS(o IA) and based on what the
secondary voltage is VS= VA= 132 V, the apparent secondary power is
c) The nominal advantage can be calculated from section b)
From the equation:
With either of the two equations, the nominal apparent power is
increase 11 times.
Example 2
A transformer is rated for 1,000 kVA, 12/1.2 kV and 60 Hz when
It operates like a conventional transformer with two windings. In these
conditions, its resistance and reactance in series are 1 and 8%, respectively.
The transformer will be used as a step-down transformer at 13.2/12 kV in a
power distribution system. In the connection as an autotransformer,
a) What is the nominal capacity when used this way?
b) What is the series impedance of the transformer in the system of
measures per unit?
Solution
a) The turn ratio NC/NSE must be 12:1.2 or 10:1. The nominal voltage
this transformer will be 13.2/12 kV and the apparent power (volt-amperes)
nominal will be:
b) The impedance of the transformer in the per unit system when it is
connected in a conventional way is:
Zeq 0.01 + j0.08 pu separately wound
The apparent power advantage of this autotransformer is 11, so the
The per unit impedance of the autotransformer connected as described is
PROPOSED TASK
A step-up autotransformer is used to supply 3 kV from a line.
2.4kV power supply. If the secondary load is 50 A, calculate (neglecting it
losses and the magnetizing current
a. The current on each side of the transformer
b. The absorbed intensity of the 2.4 kV power line
c. The rated power of the transformer in kVA
d. The rated power in kVA of the comparable two-winding transformer,
necessary to achieve the same transformation.
2.4 KV
3 Kv
50 A
Through the transformation relationship:
V1I2 2.4 50
=→ =
V2I1 3 I1
I1=62.5A
I1−I2=12.5A
a) The current in each transformer:
50 A
I1 - I2 = 12.5 A
b) Absorbed intensity of the power line:
62.5 A
c) Autotransformer power:
Sself-transformedr =V1∗I1
Sautotransformer= 150 K VA
d) Transformer power:
0.6 Kv
2.4 Kv
50 A
12.5 A
Stransformer30 K VA
2. A step-down autotransformer is used to supply 100 A at 2 kV from a line.
of 2.4 kV power supply. Calculate what is indicated in (a) to (d) of problem 1.
V1 = 2.4 KV
V2 = 2 Kv
I2 = 100 A
By the relationship of transformation:
V1I2 2.4 100
=→ =
V2I1 2 I1
I1=83.33A
I1−I2=16.66A
e) The current in each transformer:
I1 = 83.33 A
I1 - I2 = 16.66 A
f) Absorbed intensity of the power line:
83.33 A
g) Power of the autotransformer:
Sself-transformedr =V1∗I1
Sautotransformer200 K VA
h) Transformer power:
0.4 kV 2 kV
83.3 A 16.6 A
Stransformer= 33.32 K VA
3. Why can autotransformers handle more power than the
conventional transformers of the same size?
Because the power that passes from the primary to the secondary passes physically through the
devenados, so if a normal transformer is connected as an autotransformer
it can handle more power than it was originally designed for
4. MENTION AT LEAST 4 DISADVANTAGES OF THE USE OF
AUTOTRANSFORMERS.
Install the low voltage sockets, they require sockets that are
sized for more current.
Having reduced impedance in the event of a short circuit, the currents will be
very high.
Danger of cutting a coil, which would cause the secondary to remain
subjected to the primary tension
Galvanic conduction between the primary and secondary
The output of the transformer is not isolated from the input, it becomes
unsafe for the person operating it.
Since they are not electrically isolated, a failure is more harmful.
Higher short circuit currents
More risk for operation
Advantages
They are cheaper
Higher power is obtained when connected as an autotransformer.
They take up less space, they are smaller
They generate less voltage drop