Professor

Lic. Marcia Argentina Castro

SUBJECT
Accounting II

THEME
Final project

MEMBERS
Name Account number Headquarters
Yameri Mileidy Bueso Dueñas 221390007 The Entrance of
Copan
Juan Carlos Baca Martínez 120140021 Villanueva
Cortes
Geydy Johana Posas Bonilla 119140013 Villanueva
Isis Avril Arvizu Ramírez 122640010 San Francisco
Atlantis
Merary Alejandra Aranda Saravia 322390036 The Entrance of
Copan
Gloria Ondina Lara Pena 120280055 San Marcos
Ocotepeque

UCENM
 INDEX

INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................................................3
GENERAL OBJECTIVE............................................................................................................................4
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES.................................................................................................4
REACHES..........................................................................................................................................4
MOTORCYCLE WORKSHOP AND ACCESSORIES MOTOR SERVICE.......................................................5

HISTORY5
COMPANY LOGO...............................................................................................................7
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE8
MISSION9
VISION..............................................................................................................................................9
VALUES
SWOT Analysis...........................................................................................................................11
DIAGNOSIS..........................................................................................................................12
POLICIES.....................................................................................................................................12
Objective12
Scope of Application12
Definitions:...............................................................................................................................12
Responsible
Documents That Each File Should Include.................................................................12
DEFINITIONS
POLICY...........................................................................................................................................13
PROPOSAL FOR ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES MANUAL13
Definitions....................................................................................................................................13
Politics............................................................................................................................................13
PROCEDURE....................................................................................................................14
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MANUALS......................................................14

UCENM
 DEFINITION OF MANUAL.......................................................................................................15
ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES MANUAL..............................................15
Accounts receivable............................................................................................................15
[Link] accounts receivable..................................................................................................16
[Link] of accounts receivable Procedures17
[Link] control of accounts receivable............................................................................18
Sales;...............................................................................................................................19
Shipments;.......................................................................................................................19
Credit and collections

Estimation of uncollectible accounts19

5. Advances granted to creditors...................................................................................20

[Link] of Operations20
[Link] File Control20
[Link] of Fixed Assets.........................................................................................21
[Link] control of cash and cash equivalents
10. Purchases and complementary services.......................................................................24
11. Restricted use funds............................................................................................24
12. Presentation of the statement of cash flows...........................................................25
13. Cash Fund...............................................................................................................25
14. When the amount of the cash count is greater than the balance according to the books......................26

Easily identifiable causes.............................................................................................26

Difficult to identify causes...........................................................................................27
15. When the amount of the count is less than the balance according to the books.....................27

Easily identifiable causes.............................................................................................27

Difficult to identify causes28
16. Petty cash fund......................................................................................................28
Creation of the petty cash fund............................................................................................28
Procedure for using petty cash....................................................................................29
17. Petty Cash Reimbursement........................................................................................29
18. Petty cash audit.................................................................................................30
Increase or decrease of the petty cash fund31
19. Monthly Closing.................................................................................................................31
20. Annual Closing31

UCENM
CONCLUSIONES................................................................................................................................33
BIBLIOGRAPHY34

UCENM
 INTRODUCTION

As they have been teaching and emphasizing to us throughout our

In business studies, accounting plays a very important role.
that thanks to this one can measure the financial system and movements of
the companies to which it applies. That is why in the present report
we address all the information about accounting policies and
procedures of the company MOTORCYCLE AND ACCESSORIES WORKSHOP
MOTO SERVICE is a multi-brand company (Honda, Yamaha, Bajaj,
Bronco, Zmoto, Shineray, Tvs, Haujue, Kmf, Genesisi, Hero, etc.)
in charge of supplying the town of Morazán and its surroundings with motorcycles.

the best quality is of great importance for companies, no matter what

Regardless of the activity you engage in, have an Accounting System for
to have better control of their products and efficient recording of their
operations that assist the Administrative Department in decision-making
best decisions to resolve any situation thus achieving success
of the company. The design of accounting and financial policies is the
first step to obtain reliable financial information at
disposition for the members of the organization or for the users of
this, and improve profitability in the financial management of the organization.

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GENERAL OBJECTIVE

Develop the accounting policies for property, plant, and equipment section 17 of the
IFRS for SMEs for the company MOTORCYCLE WORKSHOP AND ACCESSORIES
SERVICE located in the city of Morazán, Yoro.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

Define the process for recognizing, measuring, and presenting the IFRS for SMEs in the
section 17 property, plant, and equipment of the company AUTOMOTRIZ S.A.S.
located in the city of Barrancabermeja, Santander.

Establish accounting policies under IFRS for SMEs in section 17

property, plant, and equipment that will apply to the company AUTOMOTRIZ S.A.S.
located in the city of Barrancabermeja, Santander.

Create accounting policies guide under IFRS for SMEs in section 17

property, plant and equipment of the company AUTOMOTRIZ S.A.S. located in the
city of Barrancabermeja, Santander.

REACHES
This manual contains the accounting policies of the company TALLER DE
MOTORCYCLES AND MOTORCYCLE ACCESSORIES SERVICE, it is the obligation of the staff to

the company shall comply as long as the policies adopted here are followed
they do not contradict the applicable regulatory framework.

In addition to that, serve as an instrument to ensure that all the

financial operations carried out within the PROCESSES of WORKSHOP
MOTORCYCLES AND MOTORCYCLE ACCESSORIES SERVICE.

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 The company TALLER DE MOTOS Y ACCESORIOS MOTO SERVICIO is
capable of expressing knowledge, activities, skills, and values
and attitudes in real work situations, according to criteria of
personality typical of their area and social responsibility.

MOTORCYCLES WORKSHOP AND ACCESSORIES MOTOR SERVICE

HISTORY

MOTORCYCLE WORKSHOP AND ACCESSORIES MOTOR SERVICE was founded in May of the year

from 2010 in the city of Morazán Yoro, initially being just a workshop for
motorcycles. Darwin Daniel Montoya, a young man at only 20 years old, began to work
performing the task of motorcycle mechanic in his own business, being him, a
young visionary and with an entrepreneurial spirit, after having started his
business in the motorcycle workshop which I name MOTORCYCLE WORKSHOP AND
MOTORCYCLE SERVICE ACCESSORIES. Two years later, he begins to negotiate with
the motorcycle parts bringing the parts for sale in your workshop, which already
he not only dedicated himself to the repair of motorcycles but also sold them
necessary parts to the owners of the motorcycles that I repaired, over 2
years, the company took formality by establishing a complete store in
spare parts for the town of Morazán Yoro. The company at this date already had
with a large assortment of motorcycle spare parts for sale, in addition to this, I solved

the problems of their clients in the workshop.

The spare parts store started in March 2014 with a low percentage in
sales, this is due to the fact that the inhabitants of Morazán Yoro were not aware of a

100% this new business, as the months went by, the sales of this
they were increasing, which required replenishing the store more and more with each of
the spare parts that the customer requested for each motorcycle in the town of Morazán,
regardless of the brand, since MOTORCYCLE WORKSHOP AND MOTORCYCLE ACCESSORIES

SERVICE was becoming one of the largest stores in

December 4, 2022
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spare parts in the area needed to ensure that each of the
needs of the residents of the municipality.

The owner of MOTORCYCLE WORKSHOP AND MOTOR ACCESSORIES SERVICE (Darwin

Daniel Montoya López) He aspired for his business to be even bigger than it was.
what it was achieving to be. He had the idea of distributing motorcycles in his store;

he started by bringing 4 motorcycles for sale, months later in the year 2015
MASESA opens the doors to distribute its brand on consignment in the store
in which he was undertaking, achieving greater sales results,
in the workshop, in the spare parts area and the distribution of Masesa motorcycles, decides

focus on the other motorcycle companies to achieve a consignment and

to be able to distribute motorcycles of different brands in the store, the objective of this

young entrepreneur was to be the first multi-brand company in Morazán Yoro.

in the year 2018, the store (MOTORCYCLE WORKSHOP AND ACCESSORIES
SERVICE) obtains the consignment in GROUP UMA for the sale of its brand.
But this young man's dream does not end here; having achieved the
the consignment of these companies is set to increase the sales of motorcycles
These two brands, as it is well known, every person has marks of preferences.
which suddenly could not satisfy such customers due to not distributing
other brands.

In February 2019, it was proposed to achieve the consignment in MOVESA, and it was accomplished.

with successes. Thanks to the high performance that this store provides in sales, with the
authorized brands found it easy to obtain the consignment from MOTOMUNDO in
May 2019.

Subsequently, it obtains the deposit for the motorcycle in August 2019 and that of
HONDA in January 2021.

It is worth noting that as of today it also has two authorized agents.

(Atlantis Agent, and a friend Banrural box) which provides easy operation
for the inhabitants of Morazán to be able to make quick transactions and collections

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of remittance in them, which apart from being aid for the inhabitants is also a
means of attracting customers to your store to meet your brands and all the services and
benefits that the store provides. This is how this Store manages to be the first
multibrand motorcycle company in Morazán, Yoro, carrying the name WORKSHOP
MOTORCYCLES AND ACCESSORIES MOTOR SERVICE.

COMPANY LOGO

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 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

Owner Manager
Luis Felipe Cárdenas Madrid

General Manager

Jose David Calderón Diaz

Dept. Agent Manager Department. Department of

Administrative Motorcycle mechanics
sales
Marlen Yamileth
motor

Function Function Function Function

Motorcycle collections Deposits Maintenances

Paid Withdrawals from Changes of
Motorcycle sales
to credit remittance tires Sale of
Invoicing Credit payments Changes and spare parts
Banking proposals
Accounting system Motorcycle sales
Payments of of any
Digitization of cards of piece that is
data credit I need.

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MISSION

To market our high-quality products and equipment to each of the

people who need it, in addition to being the client's first choice when
consider acquiring a product.

VISION

Being leading distributors in the marketing of spare parts and motorcycles, knowing,
understanding our clients' expectations by applying our
experience and innovative creativity, providing the best solutions in a way
efficient and effective to enhance the development of our distribution,
repair and sales.

VALUES

Leadership.

We will take the initiative in sales and repair management, calling on

all those internal and external members who allow us to achieve it by
through constant teamwork.

Innovation.
We will maintain a constant search for new and innovative solutions.
that allow us to differentiate ourselves and fully meet the demanding
requirements of our clients.

Transparency
The delivery of reliable and timely information that allows for an adequate
Decision making will be a key factor in our management. Transparency
trust generates value, so only with it
we can be successful.

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 Trust

We will permanently fulfill our commitments, understanding that the

The pledged word will be a key factor for our success and that of our
clients.

Commitment
We will do our best to satisfy in the best way.
possible the requirements of our clients, suppliers, and partners
commercials.

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SWOT ANALYSIS

FORTRESS OPPORTUNITIES

The intended methods of payment and

Good quality of products.
the cost of the services
Fixed suppliers for the can be borrowed
payment reliability. attractive and accessible to the
Specialized maintenance of the economy of each one.
product Increase capacity and ease
Wide variety of productive offers. of payment for their clients

Strong representativeness in the region. Favoritism for products of

the zone.
Extensive knowledge and experience
Assume your
of years of owners and
responsibilities as
employees in the motor area.
distributor.

THREATS
WEAKNESSES
Loss of clients that
The company depends a lot
they go to buy at
of their owners,
competing establishments.
being centralized the
considering that there are two
routine decision making
commercial establishments
and non-routine.
that sell the same lines
The availability of parts of
of products.
spare parts and supplies for the
Unfavorable perception of the
technical service jobs
population with respect to the
is scarce.
distributor.
Irresponsibility on the part of the
Continue with the same policy of
client on their payment date
sale that will affect the future
job opportunities future clients.

December 4, 2022
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DIAGNOSIS

The distributor WORKSHOP OF MOTORCYCLES AND MOTORCYCLE ACCESSORIES SERVICE

reflect a detailed SWOT analysis highlighting its strengths and opportunities

weaknesses and threats as it goes well with its Administration and the
human resources, this speaks well of the distributor, but it is worth noting
It is recommended that he/she continue to improve on his/her weaknesses and threats.

so that this does not have any consequences in the future and that it increases your

strength and opportunities to achieve the best performance.

POLICIES

Objective
Maintain good management and control of existing products
store. In addition to maintaining the profitability of the store.

Scope of Application
This procedure must be applied throughout the year, each
once a batch of products arrives.
Definitions:
Protection: to protect and care for the product in store to provide a
good service and presentation of the product in acquisition to the client

Order: Way of arranging products or materials in the

space, according to the criteria established in the standard.

Product: Object or material produced naturally or artificially,

result of a job or operation.
Responsible
Product storage department.

Documents That Must Be Included in Each File

Criminal record

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 Police records

Health card or medical exams

Curriculum or resume

Identity

Four passport size photographs

DEFINITIONS
POLICY

PROPOSAL FOR MANUAL OF POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

ACCOUNTING
Customers receive services and goods from the company in exchange for a
payment. If they do not pay immediately, customers incur a debt, which
you must list in the accounts receivable section on the balance sheet. Once
that they pay, you reflect it as income in the results section. According to our
investigations at the distributor Montoya Motorcycle and Accessories Workshop want
to provide credit services to its most well-known customers, in invoices of
motorcycles and spare parts.

Definiciones

Politics

A policy is a general statement to guide the

action towards the goal allowing space to make decisions.
It serves to formulate, interpret, or supplement the specific or particular norm.
It is a rule or guideline that expresses the limits within which it must

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to carry out the action. Furthermore, a policy must be the basic means to
delegate authority and responsibility

Accounting policies: they are the specific principles, bases, agreements, rules
and procedures adopted by the entity in the preparation and presentation
of its financial statements.

PROCEDURE

A procedure is a set of steps or operations that define in

detailed form the chronological succession and the way to carry out a
activity. A procedure is developed to answer the questions.
What?, Who?, How? and When? will an activity take place
and, through their discussion, achieve the best results in each function
concrete to achieve the objectives.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF MANUALS

The history of manuals as instruments in management is

relatively recent, it was during the Second World War when it
developed this technique. However, it can be said that the first
manuals that were given in a rudimentary form emerged together with the
culture of our planet, because they can and must be considered as such
the simple act of leaving recorded utensils, stones, fabrics, etc., and in the
which provided guidance to their contemporaries about the places
favorable for obtaining food or about the events
important events that occurred in a specific place.

As a consequence of the shortage and urgency that was felt for personnel
Trained during World War II, it became necessary to prepare
detailed manuals that solved training problems,

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especially long distances, as well as the supervision of activities
and even more, the uniformity of the relationship of the tasks will be achieved, which was

one of the most important things in such an event.

DEFINITION OF MANUAL

A manual is a document that contains information in an organized manner and

systematics, information and/or instructions about the history, organization,

policies and/or procedures of a company that are considered
necessary for the best execution of the work.

The author Agustín Reyes Ponce states that the manual is something proper and unique.

of a company, which is variable and easy to manage and understand, the

The manual aims to guide and standardize the operations of a company.

Other authors point out that the manual is the procedure to follow to
get a job, the manuals represent the means of communicating the
decisions determined by the administration concerning
organization, policies and procedures.

ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES MANUAL

Accounts receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at the amount according to the invoice.

referrals for the transfer of risks and benefits). The accounts
considered unrecoverable are written off at the moment they are
identified. To have control over them, it is necessary to keep a
procedure.

Complete the following requirements for the preparation of the loan application

Full name

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 Identity Number

Identity copy

Place of residence

Phone number

Number and full name of two people related to the applicant

Fill out the application

Sign a promissory note

Procedures:
When the wallet is overdue according to the period of
Agreed upon for its payment, its deterioration is determined.

Accounts that are considered uncollectible are written off according to

concept of the legal area.

Credit sales, which result in accounts receivable

they usually include credit conditions that stipulate payment in a
a determined number of days. Although not all accounts receivable are
they charge within the credit period, most of them turn into
cash within a period of less than a year consequently, accounts receivable
Receivables are considered as current assets of the company.

[Link] accounts receivable

The other accounts receivable represent the amounts owed by the

personal, shareholders (or partners), directors and managers, and rights of
collection from third parties for transactions other than those of the business purpose.

Accounts receivable from staff do not generate financial interest.

Receivables are initially recognized at fair value.

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 of the transaction, which is generally equal to its cost.

After its initial recognition, they will be measured at amortized cost. They will

establish a doubtful collection estimate when there is evidence

objective that the company will not be able to collect all overdue amounts
according to the original terms of the accounts receivable. The
expired amounts will be reduced through a valuation account for
effects of its presentation in the financial statements.

3. Classification of accounts receivable Procedures

Accounts receivable with a 15-day term. It is worth noting that these

invoices will only include sales of motorcycles, sales of spare parts, and
payment for the services offered in the workshop

1. From 10 days after the invoice is issued, the person

in charge of credits for a call to remind the client that
Your invoice is due in 5 days, in accordance with the agreement.

2. If the customer does not show up on the 15th to pay their bill, and they ...
On the 20th, it will be sanctioned with one month without being able to acquire.

credit.

3. If the client does not show up to settle their debt after several days
Days, the code will be passed to the lawyer paid by the company to
Let it be him who takes the situation of that case.

How many receivables with a term of 30-40 days

These invoices include all the other products that are available.
at the distributor, for a time of 30 to 40 days

1. From the 25th day of the invoice issuance, the person

in charge of credits for a call to remind the client that

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 your invoice is due in 5-10 days, respecting the agreement.

2. If the client does not show up on day 30-40 to pay their bill, and
On the 45th day, a sanction will be imposed with a month of not being able to acquire.

credit.

3. If the client does not show up to settle their debt after several
Days, the code will be passed to the lawyer paid by the company to
let him be the one to take the situation of that case.

4. Internal control of accounts receivable

This implies that accounts receivable is just one element of this cycle.
of operations that is referred to as income cycles in which it is
intimately related to the operations of:

a) Sales

Dispatch

c) Billing

d) Credits and collections

e) Accounts receivable

f) Box

This is the reason why it is recommended that when it is implanted

internal control should not only be for managing accounts
to be charged but rather that they should simultaneously remain safeguarded the

the rest of the mentioned operations.

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 Some internal control measures that should be implemented are suggested:

Sales

Any customer order must be submitted for review and approval beforehand.
of the dispatch of the goods. To verify that the customer does not have
accumulated invoices with due date.

Shipments;

Insisting on the separation of functions, the people in charge of

dispatch must be different from those that control the merchandise in the
warehouse, and the people in charge of credit.

Invoicing;

The functions of the department must be separated.

billing in which the shipping departments are carried out
accounts receivable

Credit and collections

The approval of a responsible official must be required for;

Write off in the accounts books that are deemed uncollectible.

Grant discounts outside the normal period.

Estimation of uncollectible accounts

Another variable that is affected by changes in credit standards is

the estimation of uncollectible accounts. The probability or risk of acquiring
a hard-to-collect account increases as credit standards

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they become more flexible and vice versa, this also given by the study that is
it does for customers and their payment capacity in the short and long term.

5. Advances granted to creditors

Record as advances, the payments made to suppliers or

creditors for materials or goods, on which no transfers have been made,
the risks and benefits, therefore, have not yet been recognized as
assets by the Institute.

Payments made, of which are required, are recorded as advances.

make an accounting deferral to results according to the term
established contractually or according to the receipt of the good.

The advances granted to creditors are disclosed in the notes to the statements
financial as part of the Effects and other net accounts receivable,
the same ones that appear in the statement of situation, in the Asset group
Current, attending to its liquidity concerning the other items of
each group.

6. Reversal of Operations

The reversals of accounting entries must be carried out in the following manner:

1. The administrator will receive the reversal request with the

respective backups for the detection of any error.

The administrator verifies that the supporting documentation is valid for the
execution of the accounting reversal.

3. The administrator will proceed with the authorization for the reversal and
posterior correction of the accounting entry with accounting schemes
established.

[Link] File Control

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The accounting department will be responsible for recording, classifying
and keep the printed accounting records. Filed with labels and dates
to facilitate the timely location of the file.

Note: These normal documentation files will be kept by a

a lapse of seven years counted from the closing of each fiscal year. If the
documentation is of special or important nature will be kept
indefinitely

8. Depreciation of Fixed Assets

1. The administrator will review that all fixed asset invoices

acquired in the month are registered in the Navision system

The administrator will record the depreciation for the month.

charging to expense and crediting to accumulated depreciation accounts.

3. The administrator or accounting assistant in charge will issue a report of the

fixed assets acquired by the company until the month to be depreciated. Said
the report must contain the following information:

Asset Fixed Coding

Description of Fixed Asset

Location of Fixed Asset

Purchase date
Start date of activities

Initial cost

Accumulated Depreciation

Net Cost

Depreciation corresponded to the depreciated month.

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 9. Internal control of cash and cash equivalents

The business owners want to establish a new order in the area.

from the cash generated by their sales.
Since cash is the most liquid asset of a business, it is needed
an adequate control system to prevent irregularities and avoid that
employees use company money for personal use.

It is the plan of organization between the accounting system, functions of

jobs and coordinated procedures aimed at obtaining
secure information, safeguard cash in hand and in banks, as well as
promote operational efficiency and addition of the administrative policy
of any company.

Establish an adequate internal control system regarding

cash, therefore, the business has to do the jobs, without mixing them
employee obligations.

Separation of functions of authorization, execution, custody and

cash register in cash and banks.

In every operation related to cash in hand and banks,

At least two people must intervene.

No person involved in handling cash in the register and

banks must have access to the accounting records.

The function of recording the economic events of cash in

Cash and banks will be exclusive to the accounting department.

Generally speaking, a basic internal control system for the area of

cash must include the following measures:

. Systematic business routines must be defined.

for the accounting of cash transactions,

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 establishing a
clear decision of the work regarding the management and recording of the
cash income.

. The responsibilities and tasks of the various employees who

they manage cash and record cash transactions, they are divided and they
interrelate in such a way that:

(a) The occurrence of errors is minimized.

The errors that occur can be detected and

Fraud cannot be easily hidden.

. All income from cash sales and payments received from a

The day, they must be remitted in full (100%) to the bank.
respectively, the next business day after the operation is completed
daily.

. All payments that the company makes must be made by issuing

checks, preferably Cheque Boucher, so that there can be
the document a reasonable explanation of said payment and its
respective accounting application, except for the disbursements of
petty cash.

. Every day, cash register cuts must be made, with the

object of knowing the existence as of that date, which is verified
with audits conducted by officials of employees unrelated to
accounting or cashiers.

. Petty cash funds should be established in the departments

strategic, in order to solve small payment amounts and this
ways to avoid operational problems due to lack of funds.

. The strengthening of the cash staff prevents the company from suffering.

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 losses in case of theft, fraud, embezzlement, and breach of trust
by the tellers, as the guarantor will reimburse the amount
from damage to the company.

10. Purchases and complementary services

They are presented as Purchases and complementary services, the costs in

what Agropecuaria María José incurs to acquire services from third parties
electricity and telecommunications.

They are presented as purchases and complementary services for the acquisition of

energy and the additional cost incurred by the recognized tariff mismatch
previously as "Spread Expense" when acquiring electricity from third parties
for energy purchases from private generators and
energy import

Purchases and complementary services are at nominal value.

from the payment document or to the best estimate made by the department
responsible.

The costs of Purchases and complementary services are settled at

Result of the exercise, on the closing date of each period.

11. Restricted Use Funds

Registration

Resources that are registered as restricted use funds

financial with limitations regarding their availability, received
as a guarantee for the pending services to be provided to agriculture
Maria Jo herself

Restricted use funds are recorded at their nominal value and are
they are liquidated at the moment such resources are returned to the
guarantors. Revelation

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 Restricted use funds are presented in the statement of financial position,
in the Current Assets group, considering its liquidity with respect to
the other matches of this group.
For the purposes of the cash flow statement, this item would be considered as
cash equivalent, if it meets the definitions regarding it,
as long as there is no legal or contractual obligation to dispose
of said resources.

12. Presentation of the cash flow statement.

For purposes of the statement of cash flows, cash balances and

cash equivalents contain the balance of this account, except for the
funds subject to restriction, but not necessarily limited to this
count. Grasses and Legumes; prepare a cash flow statement, and it
presents as an integral part of its financial statements, for each
period in which the presentation of these is mandatory.

A cash flow statement, when used together with the rest of

the financial statements provide information that allows users
evaluate the changes in the net assets of an entity, its structure
financial (including its liquidity and solvency) and its ability to affect
the amounts and dates of the cash flows, in order to adapt to the
evolution of circumstances and opportunities.

Cash Fund

The Caja account must be presented at any time, and upon completion of the
exercise, the nominal value of cash and its equivalents,
property of the entity, physically represented by banknotes, coins
metallic, bank transfers, postal or telegraphic, precious metals
currency and foreign currency.

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Likewise, upon completion of the exercise, and at any time deemed necessary
convenient, should verify the accuracy of the existence of cash
under the custody of the cashier, for which an activity called is carried out
cash drawer count, which consists of the physical counting of the existence of the
cash and its equivalents in the cashier's possession.
The result of the inventory will be recorded in a document called 'inventory of
box

When comparing the cash count balance against the balance shown in the book
two situations may arise:

1. That the amount of the cash count is equal to the amount recorded in the

mayor, in which case no adjustment will be necessary,

since the recorded balance matches reality.

2. That the amount of the cash count is different from that recorded in the ledger, in

in which case the differences can be of two types:

3. That the amount of the cash count is greater than the balance according to the books.

4. That the amount of the cash count is lower than the balance according to the books.

Regarding the term defaltanteosobrante, it is advisable

it should be noted that in all cases the book will be taken as the reference point
that is, the book balance will be adjusted so that its amount
matches the amount reflected by the count, and not the other way around.

14. When the amount of the cash count is greater than the balance according to
books

In this case, this shortage (according to the major) or surplus (according to the tally) can

to originate from:

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Easily identifiable causes

Among the shortages due to easily identifiable causes, there may be

mention any unreported transactions by the cashier or amounts
overcharged.

When it comes to unreported transactions by the cashier, the entry of

the adjustment will be for the operation carried out and not reported by the cashier; it is

it will be charged to the Cash account and credited to the account that
respond.

Difficult to identify causes

In the case of shortages due to causes that are difficult to identify, that is,
Not all the necessary elements are available to determine the origin.
for the missing items in the books, the following procedure will be followed:

If the amount of the shortage is considerable, based on the characteristic of the

relative importance, whether in relation to the amount of the item or its
nature, and supported by professional judgment, which is based on the criterion
prudentially, one should opt for the alternative that reflects less optimism, it
what does 'not advancing profits' imply, because it will not affect accounts of
results, since profits that have not yet been recorded would be registered
accrued; therefore, balance sheet accounts are affected, in this case the one for

creditors, to reflect the obligation to deliver the cash to whom

prove to be its legitimate owner by registering as a subaccount the one of
Shortages in cash, according to books.

15. When the amount of the cash count is less than the balance according to
books

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 In this case, this surplus (according to the larger amount) or deficit (according to the audit) can

to be originated by:

Easily identifiable causes

Among the leftovers due to easily identifiable causes, there are

they can mention the operations not reported by the cashier, or
overpaid amounts.

When it comes to operations not reported by the cashier, the entry of

the adjustment will be for the operation carried out and not reported by the cashier, it is

it will be charged to the account of the unreported transaction, with a credit to the

account box.

Difficult to identify causes

When not all the necessary data is available to determine the

origin of the surplus in books, the following procedure will be followed:

If the amount of the surplus is considerable, according to its importance.

relative, and again guided by professional judgment based on the criterion
Prudential, we will affect balance sheet accounts, with the adjustment being charged.
to the account Debtors, sub-account Name of the cashier, by virtue of the fact that he,

as the custodian of cash, is also responsible for

the differences that arise, credited to the Cash account. From this
way to register the right to demand the payment of such differences to
cashier

Petty cash fund

It is a special cash fund, an account created by the company through

of a check, issued in the name of the person responsible for handling that
money, whose purpose is to settle smaller payments, previously establishing
its amount, meaning that depending on the size of the company and of
number of operations that this performs, the amount with which it is established

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the petty cash is created and the limit on which the payments will be made is established.

Creation of the petty cash fund

The fund must be created with a value that is appropriate, depending on

of the necessity and magnitude of the operations, trying to give it
congruence and dynamism to each department where it is created. In case
to be a cash fund, the appropriate amount would be between L. 200.00 to L. 1,000.00

Procedure for using petty cash

1. For the use of petty cash funds, it must be substantiated with the
format for petty cash withdrawal.

2. The destination of the funds delivered should never be different from the
expense incurred. Likewise, if for some reason there is excess money, it will not

must be used for other unspecified purchases.

3. Consequently, only the expenditure that is recognized will be

adjusted to what is stipulated in the format. Once the expense has been made, it

must carry out the corresponding settlement before the responsible party of the

management of petty cash.

4. It is essential that every petty cash disbursement is

properly supported by the presentation of a justification; and/or
supported by properly authorized documents; such as
invoices, sales receipts, professional fee receipts
amounts and cancellation dates.

5. The General Management will establish the maximum amount that will be paid.

with the petty cash fund, in coordination with management of

areas, being able to be modified with prior authorization from Management
General.

6. Any document, receipt 'provisional' for a larger sum to the

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 established must have the authorization of the General Manager.

7. The Financial Management will take prior control measures and the
office of internal audit for post-control of all movements
what originates the fixed fund.

[Link] of the Petty Cash

1. The receipt of the Petty Cash Fund will be made

timely upon proper supporting documentation
authorized. Timely reinstatement implies reintegrating an equal amount.
to the expenses incurred, and it cannot be less than 10%, nor higher than
amount of the petty cash fund allocated. The reception will take place
as many times as necessary and/or according to the requirement of what
is needed.

All documents canceled with the Petty cash must be

numbered sequentially and coded according to the plan
company accountant and recorded in a cash auxiliary book
Girl, which for the purpose will be carried by the person in charge of the fund.

The fund manager prepares the cash receipt and the summary
detailed list of the documents paid in original and copy requested
to the Financial Management the replenishment of the Fund. A copy of this

request will be kept on file in chronological order

4. The Accounting department will proceed prior to

verification of supporting documents and coding
accountant, to process the transfer

of the replacement check by the treasury department in the name of

in charge of managing the petty cash fund.

5. The documents paid by Petty Cash will be reimbursed

taking into account the date on which the expense occurred. For the
effects of timely accounting records and they will not be

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 greater than the assigned.

18. Petty cash audit

1. Surprise audits of the Petty Cash Fund will be conducted in order to

to check if the assigned amount is in accordance with the existence
of documents and cash.

2. Surprise audits will be conducted when circumstances warrant it.

it is required and will be under the responsibility of the Internal Audit Office.

3. The results of the audits will be made known to the

Management of the Area and General Management, so that they are taken if
if necessary, the corrective actions of the case.

Increase or decrease of the petty cash fund

If it is considered that the amount available in the petty cash fund is

excessive or does not meet the needs to cover minor expenses of
the company, the responsible person must make a report that clarifies
either of the two preceding circumstances.

It is of utmost importance to emphasize that the petty cash account will only be seen

affected when you wish to increase or decrease the amount that is

originally established.
[Link] Closing

1. The administrator conducts a thorough review of the subaccounts of

catalog that records movements, will review that the transactions were
correctly registered and in the account to which they belong.

The administrator will check that there are no accounting entries.

out of square, in case they exist, the person responsible will be informed of the
execution of this entry for its respective correction.

3. The administrator will verify that the depreciations are accounted for and

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amortizations corresponding to the current month.

4. The accounts payable analyst informs the manager about the

monthly fixed expenses that cannot be done due to force majeure reasons
register in the month so that the respective expense provision can be made.

5. The administrator will verify that the balance accounts are

correctly reconciled for the subsequent monthly closing.

20. Annual Closing

1. The administrator will verify that all accounting accounts are in place.
year have been registered correctly.

2. Then proceed to make the entries that send the information of the
statement of comprehensive income to the statement of financial position. Leaving the
zero result accounts.

3. In case of existing bank accounts with overdraft balance, a

reclassification entry.

4. The administrator must carry out the tax reconciliation to recognize the
percentage participation of the workers, and the respective value of the
income tax to be paid for the closing year. The entries must
be registered before the year-end closing.

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 CONCLUSIONS

Accounting in the management of Agricultural Enterprises constitutes a

primary element, since it contributes to the decision-making process
decisions in the company; since managing involves applying
all the necessary elements to achieve a favorable performance
and thus obtain optimal economic and social benefits in a way
continue.

Accounting in companies or businesses is a tool

indispensable and a very useful support medium for those who have in their
hands the task of managing.

Accounting is not difficult if policies and procedures are applied.

accountable responsibly, when one wants to take the most
relevant managing a record system that allows for collection

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 and properly process all the necessary information for the
achievement of the set objectives.

In general, accounting depends on how it is managed.

whatever type of company it was; agricultural, financial,
commercial, although it differs in the use of terms it is and will continue

being the same,

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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