CHESS

Chess is a game between two people, each of whom has

16 movable pieces that are placed on a board divided into 64 squares or
squares. In its competition version, it is considered a sport.

It is played on an 8x8 square board (called squares).

alternating in white and black colors, which constitute the 64 possible
positions of the pieces for game development. At the beginning of the game each
the player has sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two bishops, two knights, two
towers and eight pawns. It is a strategy game in which the objective
is to "overthrow" the opponent's king. This is done by threatening the square that
occupy the king with one of your own pieces without the other player being able to
protect your king by placing a piece between your king and the piece that threatens it

threat, move their king to a free square or capture the piece that is threatening it

threatening, which results in checkmate and the end of the game.

A game of chess is played between two players; each has 16.

pieces, with those of a light-colored player, called white, and those of their
dark-colored opponent, black pieces. The pieces move on a
the chessboard square of 8×8 = 64 squares or spaces also
squares, alternating light and dark colors (32 and 32). The pieces of each
player at the beginning of the match are:
A king
A lady, also popularly known as a queen.
Two bishops
Two horses
Two towers
Eight pawns
Each type of piece moves in a different way, which will determine its
power and its importance in game development.
Game elements
To play, it is necessary to have the chessboard and the pieces; although two
people who know the positions by heart can play (blindfolded)
simply stating the moves. In addition, the rules must be known.
of the game. Optionally, a chess clock can be used, which is
essential in competitions.
A physical space is also necessary, where players can develop their skills.
matches. In competitive matches, these are usually played regularly
within a chess club and if the club's capacity or attendance can accommodate
the maximum number of simultaneous matches is exceeded, usually the
organizers enable a building, through permission or negotiation with their
owners, like the open play space of a covered stadium, adapt
a meeting room or use school classrooms as game venues.

The rules of chess

In chess, there are always two players, although with the advancement of
computer science already we have chess tournaments in which only play
computers!! But it's not the most common.
Notation of the moves
To facilitate the notation of the plays so that we can reproduce matches or
that students can learn by reading books, all the boxes have a
name they receive as it was done in the ancient 'game of little boats' or
sink the fleet.
The rows
That is, from the perspective of the white player, the ranks are numbered.
in the following way: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8; the lowest row (or closest to
the white player has the number 1, and the top row (closest to the player
of black) has the number 8.
The columns
The columns are named, from left to right, a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h.
Thus, all the squares are defined with a letter and a number, for example, the
the lower left corner square (of the white) is called 'a1'.
The game always starts with a move.
from the white and, then, the black responds, thus
until the game ends. That is, never
a player moves twice in a row.
A move consists of moving one of the pieces to
a different box, following the rules of
movement for each piece. There is only one
exception which is called castling, where the
players move two pieces at the same time.
A player can capture an opponent's piece by moving one of theirs.
to the square where the opponent's piece is located. In that case, the opponent's piece
he/she withdraws from the board and remains out for the rest of the game.
At the beginning of the match, the position of the pieces is as you see in the
upper diagram.
Therefore, on the second row, there are eight white pawns; on the seventh row,
there are eight black pawns. In the first row, from left to right, we have
a: rook, knight, bishop, queen, king, bishop, knight, and the rook.
Something very important that you need to keep in mind is that the ladies
they start in the squares of their own color. This rule is important for
do not confuse the king's position with that of the queen.

The movement of the pieces

Tower
The tower moves in a straight line, horizontally or vertically. The
the rook cannot jump over other pieces, that is to say: all the
squares between the square where the rook begins its movement and
Where the tower ends its movement must be empty.

The bishop
The bishop moves in a straight diagonal line. Just as happens with
the rook cannot jump over other pieces either.
Lady
The lady moves with the combined movements of the
rook and the bishop, meaning the queen can move in any
straight line, horizontal, vertical or diagonal.

Horse
The horse makes a movement that consists of
a first step in a horizontal direction or
vertical, and then a diagonal step in a
outward direction. The horse jumps: it is allowed
that the first square it passes through is occupied
for any piece. For example, the white
you can start the game by moving the knight from b1 to
c3. The piece that jumped (the pawn from b2) is not affected by the knight. For
capture a piece with the knight, it must be located on the square of
destination, not in the box that is skipped.

Pawn
The pawn moves differently to
to move to eat. When a laborer does not eat,
moves forward step by step, that is, from one
box each time. There is only one exception to this rule that
is when the pawn has not moved at all, that is,
when the pawn is still on the second rank or
in the seventh, the pawn can take a double step, it is
say, move two squares at once. For example, a white pawn on d2
you can move to d4.
When you want to eat with the pawn, you will do it diagonally, as shown in the
graph below.

There is a special rule, called 'eating at'

. When a pawn makes a move from the
second row to the fourth (or from the seventh to
the fifth if you are black), and there is an enemy pawn in
an adjacent square in the fourth row (or in the fifth for the black pieces), this
Enemy pawn can capture our pawn diagonally to the square that it was.
protected by him. This maneuver looks much better in the graph below: the
White pawn has moved to f4 from f2 and can be captured by the black pawn.
in f3.

The pawns that reach the last row of the board are crowned. This means
that the pawn becomes the piece you want, except a pawn or a king.
Generally, in 99% of cases, players promote their pawn to
lady, which is the most valuable piece. There are very exceptional cases in which
It is interesting to crown with a horse, but it happens rarely in practice. To
Contrary to what many people think, it is not necessary for the pawn to promote.
to a previously captured piece. Therefore, it is possible that, for example,
a player has two queens at a certain moment.
In this video, I show you how to learn to play chess in just 20.
minutes.
Ray
The king moves to a square in any direction
horizontal, vertical or diagonal. There is a special type of
movement, made by the king and the rook in form
simultaneous, called castling: see below.

The king is the most important piece of the game, and always
must move in such a way that it is not in check: see below.

Castling
Under certain rules, the king and the rook can move from
simultaneous form taking shelter. But there are some
conditions that must be met:
The king that castles has not had to
to move even in the game.
The rook that makes the castling has not had to
move either.
The king cannot be in check.
 The king cannot move when castling through a square threatened by
a piece of the rival.
It also cannot end up on a square that is threatened by a
enemy piece, since in that case the king would be in check.
All the squares between the rook and the king before the occurs
the rooks must be empty.
The king and the tower must occupy the same row

The check
When a player's king can be captured by an opponent's piece,
It is said that the king is in check. For example, the white player moves their rook.
to a position that attacks the black king, that is, if black does nothing
regarding, the rook could take the black king in the next move: it is said
the white tower gives check. It is not mandatory to say 'check' but it's fine
seen.
It is not allowed to make a move that places one's own king in a position of
check.

Checkmate
When a player is in check, and has no way to
to defend oneself is said to be in checkmate and this means
who has lost the game.
Keep in mind that there are three possible different forms for
avoid a check:
Move the king to a square where it is not in check.
To eat the piece that gives the check.

Interpose a piece between the attacking piece and our king (make a
type of shield.
IMPORTANTCHESS LAWS

Abandonment and the offering of tables

A player can leave the game, which means they have lost and their
The opponent has won. It's like throwing in the towel in boxing.

After making a move, a player can propose a draw: their

the opponent can accept the proposal (in which case the game ends and it is a
tie) or reject the proposal (in which case the game continues).

In what cases is a chess game a draw?

Insufficiency of materials

This situation occurs when none of the players have material.

enough to checkmate the opposing king. This happens when on the board only
remain:

King against King

King and Knight against King, or against King and Knight
King and Bishop* against King, or against King and Knight, or against King and Bishop*

(Additional pieces of the same color do not change the situation)

With a King and two Knights, it is technically possible to checkmate in some situations.
situation, but that can be carried out depends on whether the opponent is
corner yourself, that is to say, if the opponent plays moderately well you are not going to

give it a mate.

It should be taken into account that if any player has a pawn, this
can promote, so it would not fall within this situation.

For drowned

It occurs when a player on their turn, without being in check, cannot

take no legal action. This situation is called 'drowned' and the
the game automatically ends in a draw.
Triple repetition of position

According to FIDE regulations, the game is a draw if the player who is

in the game claims correctly, when at least for the third time the
the same position is going to be repeated or has just occurred. Repeat a position
it means that, visually, the position presented is identical, but
besides that the conditions are the same (game shift, possibility or not
of castling, and the possibility or not of capturing en passant); it is also necessary to consider

that the repeated position may or may not occur sequentially.

Fifty-Move Rule

If after 50 plays between both players, the game is not decided, and not
a capture occurs or a pawn advances, the game ends in a draw if
one of the players requests it before there is checkmate.

Damarisy Judit know very well the

intricacies of chess
There are certain endings in which
there are no tables due to insufficiency of

material, since theoretically there is

situations in which it is possible
friend, but the mate in that situation
presents certain execution difficulties
(for example, the checkmate with a bishop and a knight)

against the king), so it is necessary to

manage to do it within these 50

plays. This is a rule introduced to prevent matches from
they stretch indefinitely in situations where one side can win but does not.
He/she knows how, or simply believes that he/she can win, and that is not true.

Piece played piece moved

If you touch a piece, you have to move it! That is, if it's a player's turn.
moving and touching a piece of both his own and his opponent's is obliged to move it (if

it is the opposite of capturing it), let's see how this rule works exactly
so important in various scenarios:

1. a) During your turn, if you touch one or more of your own pieces, you must move them.

first movable piece played.

2. b) Touch one or more pieces of the opponent, you must capture the first one.
touched piece that can be captured.
3. c) Touch a piece of each color, you must capture the piece of the
Opponent with theirs or, if that is illegal, move or capture the first one.
piece touched that can be moved or captured. If it becomes impossible
establish which piece was played first, it will be the original piece
that is considered as a played piece.
Exceptions:

If a piece is touched that has no legal moves, there is no

why move it.
2. If an illegal move has been made and the clock has not been pressed
we can rectify, but with the obligation to move that piece
whenever there is a legal movement (at a fast pace (less than 15
(minutes) the illegal loses the game).
3. The question of having intentionality, if we are going to move a piece and
unintentionally we touched her with the sleeve, the wrist, arm,... and the

It is clear that there is no intentionality.

If a piece is wrongly placed on the board and we want to place it better
(compose it), we must say before doing it "I compose"; BEFORE and not
after.