LOGICAL THINKING REPORT - GROUP 7

STUDENT 1
Arenas Paredes Anthony STUDENT 5
Bardales Perez Nathalia
David Marciel
STUDENT 2
De la Torre Castro Carlos STUDENT 6
Andres
STUDENT 3 Crespín Chávez Elí STUDENT 7

STUDENT 4
Guerrero Reyes Seymi STUDENT 8
Navely
STUDENT 9 STUDENT 10

Date April 19, 2023 Teacher Hector Checasaca Arpita NOTE

Contextual Situation 2:

How to calculate productivity in a manufacturing company

January 31, 2019
CAMILO HERNANDEZ

[Link]

The basic formula used by those who know how to calculate productivity is based on the relationship
between the products produced and the inputs used in their production. Although when it comes to
To confront this calculation, it is important to consider that there are many different types of processes.
production and that they all have peculiarities that distinguish them from the others. This means that
It cannot be generalized and the formula must be adjusted to the specific case.

The most common inputs are labor hours, capital, and materials, while sales or the
The amount of goods produced are common production units. Some of the measurements of
the most common productivity measures are the total labor productivity of employees as a whole,
employee labor productivity at the individual level and sales productivity. But they are not the
the only ones that interest those who are looking for how to calculate productivity.

What is productivity?

The productivity rate is the amount of production generated in one hour of work. In reality, the
Productivity simply refers to the measurement of the efficiency of a production process of a
company. This measurement is taken from the inputs and outputs involved in the production process.

Managers use these productivity measurements to determine which departments, plants or

employees are more efficient and how to maximize the use of company resources to achieve
an optimal level of production and higher sales or income.

Although there is a basic formula for productivity, there are different ways to calculate it.
productivity in different activities.

How to calculate productivity?

LOGICAL THINKING 2021

The most common way used by those who know how to calculate productivity is to take the
total production achieved by all employees of the company and divide it by the hours
worked.

Productivity = production / hours worked

Production is typically represented as an amount in euros, representing the value.

added for the hours worked.

Alternatively, production can be measured in production units or any other measure that
significant for the business. This is useful when the amounts of value added in euros are
difficult to estimate. Thus, the way to calculate productivity with this method would be to divide the 100,000
units produced over the 80 hours worked to achieve it. The result would be 1250 units
manufactured per hour.

Knowing how to calculate productivity helps decision-makers in business to

introduce the necessary adjustments and optimize the use of the available resources in your
business.

Identifique

Magnitude UNIT
Time (t) Hours
Mass (k) Parts
Productivity (p) production / hours worked

b) An industrial company that produces parts for all types of vehicles. It needs to produce a
batch of 150,000 pieces, for which it has 3 machines:

Machine A works 20 pieces per hour.

Machine B works 25 pieces per hour.
Machine C works 30 pieces per hour.

How many pieces will each machine make respectively?

First, we need to add the total number of pieces that the machines make per hour of
work

K=Machine A pxh + Machine B pxh + Machine C pxh

K= 20 + 25 + 30

K= 75 pxh

Then the total number of pieces desired, which in this case would be 150,000, is divided.
piece among the total pieces available in an hour. To know the total hours to work

T=150000 / K

T = 150000 / 75

LOGICAL THINKING 2021

 T= 2000

We find that in 2000 hours of work we will have 150,000 pieces, replacing the variables.
is obtained:

Machine A works on 20 pieces per hour.

k=p/t

20 = p / t

P = 20 * 2000

P(A) = 40000

Machine B works 25 pieces per hour

k=p/t

25 = p / t

P = 25 * 2000

P(B) = 50000

Machine C works 30 pieces per hour.

k=p/t

30 = p / t

P =30 * 2000

P(C) = 60000

It is identified that machine A will make 40,000 pieces, machine B will make 50,000 pieces and the machine
C will make 60,000 pieces.

Contextual Situation 3:

COVID-19: Expert shares WHO recipe for making homemade disinfectant

Mar, 31 Mar 2020

Dr. Jorge Ibáñez Cornejo, an academic in Chemical Engineering, translated and adapted a recipe from the
World Health Organization that can be done at home.

LOGICAL THINKING 2021

 Dr. Jorge Ibáñez Cornejo, academic of the Department of
Chemical, Industrial and Food Engineering of the University
Iberoamericana translated and adapted the formula for disinfectant of
handmade by the World Health Organization (WHO),
made from alcohol.

The academic pointed out that it is a simple recipe that

can be prepared at home with substances that are within reach,
but with the instruction to mix the necessary amounts.
He detailed that according to the consensus opinion of a group of
WHO experts, this formula can be used both for the
hygienic hand antisepsis as well as for pre-surgical preparation.

Likewise, Ibáñez Cornejo called for attention to the care that the federal government has announced through
from the different health instances to avoid being transmitters or receivers of COVID-19; for
which, after being in contact with surfaces or people who may have the virus, is important
wash hands and disinfect.

He added that, among other substances, this formula contains ethanol to eliminate microorganisms.
as well as with glycerin which gives consistency to the formula and offers a smoothing effect on the skin.
Similarly, he suggested that once the disinfectant is finished, it should be labeled for precaution because
It is a chemical product.

Recommended product quantity: For 1L

● 833 ml ethanol, at 96%
42 3% hydrogen peroxide, ml
15 ml glycerin (glycerol), at 98%
110 ml distilled water or boiled water, cold

Glass or plastic bottle with a screw cap or a plastic container (preferably of

high-density polypropylene or translucent polyethylene to see the liquid level), or a
stainless steel tank (for mixing without overflowing)
Wood, plastic, or metal palette for mixing (optional)
Measuring cylinder or measuring jug
Plastic or metal funnel
● An alcohol meter (optional): the temperature scale is at the bottom and the
ethanol concentration (v/v percentage) in the upper part.

Procedure:

In a room that is not hot, and where there are no flames or smoking:
833 ml of ethanol is added to the mixing container using a funnel.
2. Similarly add 42 ml of hydrogen peroxide.
3. Then the 15 ml of glycerin; given its viscous nature, the remnants are rinsed.
let them remain in the funnel with distilled or boiled water and continue adding water until reaching
to the 1 L mark.
4. The container is covered to prevent the evaporation of volatile components. The mixture is shaken.
through vigorous movements of the container, or with a mixing paddle to achieve
a homogeneous solution.

LOGICAL THINKING 2021

If desired, the total solution is divided into parts in plastic containers with screw caps.

The resulting solution is left in quarantine for 72 hours before use in order to destroy any spores.
present or acquired from any container.
Recovered from:
Unable to access external URLs.

With reference to the information presented, respond:

Identifique las magnitudes y sus respectivas unidades del texto.

Magnitude UNIT
Volume ML/M
Percentage %
Time hours

b) Assuming that it is desired to prepare 72 liters of disinfectant with ethanol, water

hydrogen peroxide, glycerin, and cooled boiled water. Calculate the amount of liters of each ingredient.
What should be added to the preparation?
Solution: We use the solution phases of Pólya's method:

Liter Ethanol Hydrogen peroxide Glycerin Distilled water

s a
1 833ml 42ml 15ml 110ml
72 X X X X

By using direct proportion, because the more liters of disinfectant to prepare,

you must increase the ingredients
Ethanol solution 833ml/1*72 = 59.976ml = 59l with 976ml
Solution. Hydrogen peroxide; 42ml/1*72 = 3,024ml = 3 liters with 24ml
Glycerol: 15ml/1*72 = 1,080ml = 1l with 80ml
Solution. Distilled water. 110ml/1*72 = 7,920 = 7 liters with 920ml

c) In a provisional laboratory, 50 liters of disinfectant have been produced. Calculate the amount.
of hydrogen peroxide and glycerin.

Solution: We use the solution phases of Pólya's method:

liters of hydrogen peroxide glycerin

1 42ml 15ml

50 X X

Using direct proportionality, because the more liters of disinfectants that

prepare, more ingredients will be used, such as hydrogen peroxide and glycerin than
add.

LOGICAL THINKING 2021

Solution. Hydrogen peroxide 42ml/1*50 = 2,100 ml

Therefore, we find that 2 liters with 100 ml of hydrogen peroxide are needed to
to manufacture 50 liters of disinfectants.

Glycerin solution: 15ml/1*50 = 750ml

Therefore, we find that 750 milliliters of glycerin are needed to produce 50.
liters of disinfectants

Contextual Situation 4:

Piura: Oil cannon generated revenues of over S/ 138 million in the first quarter of the year

Currently, due to the external war situation and crisis in Peru, the price of a barrel of oil is
It is valued at approximately 108 dollars, compared to 2021 when it closed the year at 80.
dollars.
By Gabriela Bárcena
April 28, 2022 13:55

In the oil canon of Piura, more than 7 billion has been obtained from 2020 until March 2022.
soles.

Of this money, 70% is allocated to provincial and district municipalities, and 20% to governments.
regional and 5% each for national universities and higher technological institutes
pedagogical, as indicated by PeruPetro in a press conference given by the entity.

Additionally, it was indicated that Piura is the second department that has received the most canon so far this year.
2022, with an amount of 138.1 million soles.

The first place is occupied by Cusco with more than 971 million. This data refers to the last
canon transfer made in the month of March.

Distribution of royalty transfers

PeruPetro is the entity responsible for collecting royalty payments in dollars from oil canon.
Subsequently, they convert it to soles to deliver the money to the Ministry of Economy and
Finance (MEF), who, together with the INEI, prepare the distribution indices to know how much it
corresponds to each regional and municipal government.

The MEF along with the PCM are responsible for distributing the canon according to the established indices.

The money raised from the fee must be used in the case of regional governments, for the
financing of projects and infrastructure works of regional or local impact.

On the other hand, local governments must make investment expenditures and also allocate 30% to the
productive investment for the sustainable development of the communities where the resource is exploited.

In the case of Piura, it is the region that has invested the most canon money in roads, schools and
hospitals.
LOGICAL THINKING 2021
Trend in oil production

According to Jessica Gallo, representative of PeruPetro, in 2020 there was the biggest drop.
abrupt, which represented a significant decrease in the transfer of the canon.

Currently, due to the external war situation and crisis in Peru, the price of a barrel of oil is
is valued at approximately 108 dollars, compared to 2021 which closed the year at 80
dollars.

While it is true that the increase in oil prices causes the costs of other products to rise, it is
Harmful to people, selling at the current price means higher income to the canon and therefore
it would significantly increase the amount of the transfers.

The oil cannon in Piura generated revenues of more than 138 million soles.
until-march-2022-280422-gb/

From the information provided in the situation, respond:

magnitudes

Magnitude UNIT
Division percentages Percent %
Prices Dollar money
Income Dollar money

b) How much money corresponds to the higher technological and pedagogical institutes, if the
The distribution indices are respectively 70%, 20%, and 5% each, for the government.
regional, to the local municipalities, to the universities and higher institutes each one?
(uses the principle of proportional distribution)

Solution: We use the solution phases of Pólya's method:

Municipalities and provinces: MP70%

Regional governments: GB20%
Universities and institutes: UI 5%
Amount to be distributed 7 billion soles

Law of proportionality

MP*70% = GB*20% = UI*5% = K

Procedure

7 billion = 100%
X = 1%

LOGICAL THINKING 2021

X=70 million

MP: x=70*70
MP: x=4.9 billion

X=70*20
X=1400 million

UI: X=70*5
UI: x=350 million

Therefore, the distribution indices according to the percentage that corresponds to each
one respectively are to the Municipalities and Provinces 4900 million soles, to
the regional governments 1400 million soles and to the universities and institutes
publics 350 million

LOGICAL THINKING 2021

Contextual Situation 5:

According to the National Center for Epidemiology, Prevention and Control of Diseases - MINSA.
Until the
Epidemiological week number 14 - 2022, (from April 3 to April 9), reported according to the statistical chart:

According to the shown graph, there is a batch of 387,480 Paracetamol pills, distributed among
in a directly proportional manner to the number of Dengue cases in adolescents (12 to
17 years old), young people (18 - 29 years old) and adults (30 - 59 years old).

What amount of Paracetamol tablets corresponds to each mentioned age group?

Solution: We use the solution phases of Pólya's method:

MAGNITUDE UNIT
Age Years
Cases Numbers / unit
Distribution crew Numbers / unit

LOGICAL THINKING 2021

Number of pills 387480 to distribute:
(A) Adolescents (12-17) 3566 cases of dengue
Young people (18-29) 6153 cases
C: Adults (30-59) 9655 cases

AGE of infections
12 to 17 3566
18 to 29 6153
30 to 59 9643

Procedure

We know that the distribution of the number of pills will be according to the quantity.
of infections then:

A+B+C=K
3566K + 6153K + 9659K = 387480
19374k=387480
K=20

We replace k:

Adolescents: 3566(20) = 71320

Youth: 6153(20) = 123060
Adults: 9643(20) = 192860

Therefore, each group of people according to the number of infected will

71320 paracetamol pills
paracetamol pills and adults 192860 paracetamol pills.

LOGICAL THINKING 2021