Electrical Machines 1

APPLICATION EXAMPLE
The figure shows a simple coil rotating between curved polar faces, connected to a battery and a
resistance through a switch. The shown resistance represents the total resistance of the battery and the
machine wire. The dimensions and physical characteristics of the machine are:
r=0.5 [m]
l=1[m]
R=0.3 [ ]
0.25 [T]
VB=120[V]
B 0.25[T]

a.- What is the maximum starting current of the machine? What is its steady-state angular speed?
stationary in vacuum?
b.- Assume that a load is placed on the coil in a vacuum condition and the resulting torque is 10 N.m. What?
Would it be the new steady-state speed? How much power is supplied to the machine's shaft?
How much power does the battery supply? Is this machine a motor or a generator?
c.- Suppose that the machine is unloaded again and a torque of 7.5 N.m is applied to the shaft in the direction of
rotation What is the new steady-state speed? Is this machine a motor or a generator?
d.- Assume that the machine is running unloaded (empty). What would be the final steady-state speed?
Would the rotor stationary state be achieved if the flux density were reduced to 0.20T?

SOLUTION
a.- What is the maximum startup current of the machine?
What is its steady-state angular velocity in vacuum?

a.-When the switch closes at t = 0 (start moment),

V e ind V0 V
The starting current is: ia B B B
R R R

The induced tension at the moment of starting eind= 0, because the speed is V = 0
V 120V
The starting current is: B
ia 400[A]
R 0.3

b.-This starting current flows through the rotating coil producing an INDUCED TORQUE.

2
until
I
Counterclockwise

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 Electrical Machines 1

This induced pair produces an angular acceleration in the counter-clockwise direction, so

that the rotor of the machine begins to rotate and an induced voltage is produced in the motor, given by:
2 VB eind
eind w[V]making the current go down i [A]Until the INDUCED TENSION
R
VB eind
MATCH THE BATTERY VOLTAGEVB eind……i 0[A]Making the current
R
make zero.
2
Therefore, the INDUCED [Link] i[N decreases until it reaches zero ind 0 MOMENT IN WHICH

THE MACHINE REACHES VACUUM STABILITY and the machine rotates at a constant angular velocity
until another external force changes that situation.
2 VB e ind
Like:VB e ss So then
w[V] wss [rad/seg]
ind 2

VB e ind
Like the flow of the pole polo r l B[W]So wss [rad/seg] Replacing values:
2 r l B
120V
wss 480 [rad/sec]Steady state or constant vacuum speed
(2) 0.5 (1) (0.25)

If a load torque of 10N.m is applied to the machine's axis, it begins to decrease in speed.

2 VB e ind
but how it decreases, eind w [V]decreases and the rotor current increases i [A]
R
2
As the rotor current increases, ind i[N also increases until that ind carg a

Reaching a constant speedss but inferior.

2 c arg
Therefore, in a steady state, c arg ind i[N m]then.I N m]
2

c arg ind 10Nm

Like the flow of the pole polo r l B[Wb]Soi 40[A]
2 r l B (2) 0.5 (1) (0.25)

According to Kirchhoff's law,eind VB i R[V]theneind 120 (40) 0.3 108[V]

2 eind
How:eind ssw[V]then wss [rad/seg] and the flow of the pole polo r l B[Wb]So
2

eind 108V
wss [rad/seg]Finally, the speed of the axis is wss 432[rad/s]
2 r l B (2) 0.5 (1) 0.25

Steady state or constant speed ASSIGNSw 432 [rad/s]at a lower

ss speed
How:VB eindso it is a MOTOR therefore:

The power supplied to the shaft is: Pdude c arg w (10Nm) (432 rad/s) 4320[W]EXIT DOOR.
ss

The power SUPPLIED by the battery is: Pelec VB I 120V (40A) 4800[W]POT. ENTRY

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 Electrical Machines 1

This machine operates as a motor, converting electrical power into mechanical power.
Pexit Pmechanics 4320W
Therefore, the yield will be:n 0.9 90%
Pentry Pelectric 4800W

d.-If a torque is applied in the direction of the movement, the rotor accelerates. As the speed increases,

the internal voltage increases and exceeds so that the current flows out of the part
upper part of the bar and inward of the battery. This machine is now a generator. This current
induced torque opposite to the direction of movement. The induced torque opposes the external torque applied.
and, over time, l l= l at a higher speed ω the current in the rotor will be:

The induced voltage it

Finally, the speed on the axis is

Since the machine is initially unloaded under the original conditions, the speed
ω=480 rad/s. If the flow decreases, a transient occurs. However, after it is surpassed
transitory, the machine must have zero torque again since there is no load yet on its axis. If
the rotor current must be zero

Note that when the flow in the machine decreases, its speed increases. This is the same
observed behavior in the linear machine and this is how real DC motors behave.

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