Index

Introduction

Objectives

Rational numbers.............................................................................................................3

Operations with rational numbers....................................................................................3

Rational numbers and recurring decimals....................................................4

Positive rational numbers..............................................................................................5

Negative rational numbers.............................................................................................5

Fractional writing ............................................................................................................5

Predecessor and successor of rational numbers...................................................................5

Equivalence class.......................................................................................................5

Comparison of rational numbers in fraction form:..................................................7

Comparison of rational numbers in decimal form.......................................................8

Representation of rational numbers on the number line..................................................9

Domain of the set of rational numbers............................................................9

Solved exercises.......................................................................................................10

Conclusion

BIBLIOGRAPHY:............................................................................................................13

1
Introduction
Rational numbers are numbers that can be written in the form of a fraction. These
numbers can also have finite decimal representation or infinite and periodic decimal representation.

Note that the set of rational numbers is represented by straight numbers.

rational numbers, contain the set of integers, which in turn contains the set
two natural numbers, that is, straight natural numbers subset straight integers
straight subset of rational numbers

Objectives
General objective:

To know the definition of rational numbers

Specific objectives

Describe the operations with rational numbers

Give examples of rational numbers

2
Rational numbers
It is said that a number is an absolute rational when we can represent it as
result of a division. Furthermore, Q+ can be represented as:

a
Q+¿ {a, b belong to N/b ≠ 0 =¿ — }
b

We denote a rational number or the quotient of two integers (divisor different

from zero), that is, any number that can be expressed in fractional form, in which the
numerator and denominator are integers.

Operations with rational numbers

Let's see how to perform the four basic mathematical operations (addition, subtraction,
multiplication and division) with rational numbers in fractional representation. For this,
a c
Let's consider operations among rational numbers e in whichb ≠ 0 ,e d ≠ 0
b d

Addition of rational numbers

a c AD+c.d
+
b d ,,= b.d

Here is an example:

3 2 3.9+2.5 27+10 37
+ = = =
5 9 5.9 45 45

Subtraction between rational numbers

a c A . D . −c.d
−
b d
= b.d

3
See an example:

4 1 4.2−1.3 8−3 5
− = = =
3 2 6 3.2 6

Multiplication between rational numbers

a c a.c
.
b d
= b.d

See an example:

8 7 8.7 56
.= =
10 4 10.4 40

Division between rational numbers

a c
÷
b d
==ab . dc Ab ..cD .

Here is an example:

4 1 4 3 4.3 12
÷
9 3
= .= =
9 1 9.1 9

Rational numbers and recurring decimals

Repeating decimals are numbers whose decimal part is infinite and periodic. All
repeating decimal can be written in the form of a fraction where the numerator and the
The denominator is an integer. Thus, repeating decimals are rational numbers.
See the examples:

1.3333... it is rational, for 1,3333…=43

The recurring decimal

2.4444... it is rational, for 2.4444...=229

The repeating decimal

4
The quotient of many divisions between natural numbers is an absolute rational number.

Positive rational numbers

These numbers are quotients of two integers with the same sign.

( +8) : (+5)

(-3) : (-5)

Negative rational numbers

They are quotients of two integers with different signs.

-8 divided by +5

(-3) : (+5)

Fractional writing
−1 −1
have a value equal to and represent the rational number . .
3 3

Note: Every integer is a rational number, as it can be written in the form

fractional

Predecessor and successor of rational numbers

As for the Set of Rational Numbers, these numbers do not have a predecessor or
successor. For it is not known the number that comes before or after the other. Thus the
the set of rational numbers cannot be represented as the set of numbers
integers.

Equivalence class
Follow the following example: Two brothers João and Wilson held a party
In Luanda at the Epic Sana Hotel, they ate 1/2 and 3/6, respectively, of a cake on the day.
of your younger brother Henriques' birthday. Which of the brothers ate more?
amount of cake?

5
Resolution

1
First, let's divide the cake into two equal parts, representing the fraction
2
rational numbers and then consider a part.

Later, we will divide the cake into 6 equal parts and consider 3 to represent the
3
fraction
6 .

Finally, analyzing the two figures, we can conclude that the two brothers ate
1 3
the same amount of cake. Therefore = Rational numbers are fractions
2 6
equivalents, as they represent the same portion.

Equivalence class (EC) is the set of fractional numbers that represent the
same number.

To find the equivalence class of each fraction, simply multiply the numerator and
the denominator by the same number.

1
Example: Given the fraction Equivalence classes of rational numbers, determine the
2
equivalence class:

To determine equivalent fractions, we must multiply the numerator and the

denominator with the following numbers: (2,3,4,…).

6
 ( 4 )= ,{8 ,12 16 , 20 }
1 2 3 4 5
CE

First, multiply the numerator (1) by 2. We then obtain: 1×2=2;

Subsequently, the denominator (4) is multiplied by 2. We obtain: 4×2=8.

Example:

( 3 )= ,{6 , 9 }
1 4 6 8 10
CE ,
12 15

To determine equivalent fractions, we must multiply the numerator and the

denominator with the following numbers: (2,3,4,…).

Initially, the numerator (2) is multiplied by 2. We then obtain: 2×2=4;

Subsequently, the denominator (3) is multiplied by 2. We obtain: 3×2=6.

Relation or comparison of rational numbers

Just like integers, to compare rational numbers, you only need to use the
the following symbols:

Comparison of rational numbers in fraction form:

Comparison of rational numbers with the same denominator: When the
if the denominators are the same, the largest fraction will be the one with the largest numerator. In this

In this case, only the numerators are compared.

4 8
Example: Compare the fractions 5 e 5 .

To verify the largest fraction, we only need to compare the numerators. In this way,
4 <8.
we have:

4 8
Logo < .
5 5

7
Comparison of rational numbers with different denominators: When the
when the denominators are different, the common denominators are determined.
Subsequently, the fraction with the largest numerator is analyzed.

5 11
Example: Compare the following fractions e .
7 14

First, we determine the same denominators. To do this, we multiply the

5 11
fraction by 2. Thus, we have: ..
7 14

Subsequently, we compared the numerators. 10<11 .

Note: In the comparison of rational numbers that are represented by fractions

with denominator 1 behave just like the natural numbers assigned to them.

Comparison of rational numbers in decimal form

To compare two or more rational numbers in decimal form: first, it should be...
First, check the integer part; then check the decimal part.

Example: compare the decimal rational numbers:

a). 0 . 2 5 e 2 . 4 5

Resolution

In the first decimal number, in the whole part we have the digit (0), in the second we have
the digit (2) in the integer part. Subsequently, the two digits are compared. As it is
thus, we have:0< 2.

Therefore:0 . 2 5 <2 . 4 5

b). 3 . 4 0 E 3 . 5

The integer parts of the two decimal numbers are identical. In this case, we will compare.
the decimal parts.

In the first decimal number, we have the digit (40) in the decimal part, in the second
In the decimal number we have the digit (5). Therefore, 40 <5, because the digit zero (0) of

8
the decimal part when it appears in the last position has no value. In this case, we can
say that: 3.40 = 3.4.

Therefore:3 . 4 0 <3.5

Representation of rational numbers on the number line

On the axis where we represent the elements of the set of integers,
we can represent other numbers. To represent a fractional number, divide-
if the fraction is given and the respective number is to be situated on the line.

−7 1 3
Example: Represents the rational numbers on the line: ,+ +2 . 5 + .
2 2 4

−7
First, the fractional numbers are divided. In this case we have: =−3 . 5
2
among the digits −4 e - 3 .

Given that decimal numbers +0 . 5 e + 0 . 7 5 they have the same integer part (0), they are compared
the decimal part(5<75) In this case we have:+0 . 5 <+0.75 The two numbers are between 0.
and 1.

Finally, we have the number +2 . 5 what is between the numbers 2 and 3.

Representing decimal numbers on the line, we have

Domain of the set of rational numbers

In this domain, there are (4) essential operations of mathematics: Addition,
subtraction, multiplication and division.

Regarding the domains of Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and Division of numbers

rational, just perform the calculations without any restrictions.

9
Resolved exercises
Observe the numbers on the board:

19
4
-7 -6 3 0 8 1 4 -4 9

a) What are the non-negative rational numbers?

b) What are rational numbers?
c) What are the non-positive rational numbers?

Resolution

a) The non-negative rational numbers are: (1 , 3 , 8 , 1 9 / 4)

(−7 , −6 −4 , 0 , 1 , 3 , 8 , 1 9 /4 )
b) b). The rational numbers are:
c). The non-positive rational numbers are: (−7 , −6 , −4)

2. Compare the following fractions:

7 4
a) <
3 3

Resolution

Since the two fractions have the same denominator. To compare the two fractions.
just compare the numerators. In this case, we have: 2<4. So the digit 4 is greater.

1 3
b¿ e
5 2

To make the comparison, we must determine the least common multiple of

1
fractions that will be (10). In this case, we have to multiply the first fraction by 2.
5
2
Thus, we have:
10

3 15
Subsequently, they multiply the second fraction by 5. Thus, we have: .
2 10

10
 2 15
In the fractions e we can observe that the denominators are equal. In this case,
10 10
we compare only the numerators 2<15.

2 15
Therefore, <
10 10

11
Conclusion
m
A rational number can be expressed in the form where m and
n they are integers,

since n≠0, that is, it must be different from zero. Commonly we use m/n to mean
the division of m by n. When division is not possible, we simply use
a letter like that to understand that this number is a rational number.

We observe that rational numbers can be obtained through the ratio (in Latin:
ratio=reason=division=quotient) between two integers, which is why the
the set of all rational numbers is denoted by the letter Q for quotient. Thus, it is
it is common for us to read in literature the notation:

Q={m/n:m, n∈Z, n≠0}

When there is interest, we use Q+¿ to understand the set of rational numbers
Q−¿ for the set of negative rational numbers. The number zero is
positives and
also a rational number.

12
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Nhezê, Ismael. (2017) Mathematics Book 8th Grade. Maputo. Textros Publishers

Paulo, Luís de Nascimento & Muchango, Orlando. (20210). Module 1 of mathematics, 8th
class, Distance Secondary Education.

Chissico, Paulo & Mondlane, Abel. (2020) Module 1 of Mathematics, Course of

Training of Primary School Teachers in Practice, via Distance Education

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