IMMACULATE CONCEPTION INSTITUTE VALDIVIA

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION

READING COMPREHENSION WORKSHOP
PROFESORA: Sandy Milling y Lorena Moncada

LEARNING GUIDE ON THE WRITING PLAN I°A-B

How can we arrange the statements?

………………………………………………
CAPACITY: Logical Reasoning and Written Expression.
SKILL: Recognize and Produce
freedom
ATTITUDE: autonomy

Writing plan and the letter

THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF WRITING PLANS

DEDUCTIVE PLAN

SEQUENTIALOR CHRONOLOGICAL

Cause - Effect

How to recognize if the Plan is DEDUCTIVE?

It consists of arranging the statements from the one that expresses the most general idea to the specific idea.

more specifically, considering the structure: introduction, development, conclusion.

Example:

Naturalism in literature
Chilean naturalist writers.
2. Origin and causes of literary naturalism.
3. Main naturalist writers and literary works.
4. Analysis of Chilean naturalist literary works.
5. Definition of naturalism.

A) 2 – 5 – 1 – 3 – 4
B) 5 – 2 – 3 – 1 – 4
2–3–5–1–4
D) 5 – 3 – 2 -1 – 4
E) 5 –1 –4 –2 - 3

Alternative B because it goes from the most general to the most specific.

NOTE: The definition will always come first and then the origin.
The criterion for ordering the text is the time in which events occur and follow one another.
presented in each statement.

Example:

The Renaissance in Europe in the 15th and 16th centuries

The Middle Ages and its religious conception of the world.
2. Development, rise and expansion of Renaissance art.
3. Main Renaissance artists and works.
4. Definition of Renaissance and its significance in the era.
5. Historical Background of the Renaissance.
A) 2 – 5 – 4 – 3 – 1
B) 1 – 4 – 5 – 2 – 3
C) 4 – 5 – 2 – 1 - 3
D) 5 – 1 – 3 – 4 – 2
E) 4 –3 –5-1- 2

ANSWER: The correct option is B, because it goes from the first to the last.
Generally, when there are dates, it is chronological.

How to recognize the CAUSE-EFFECT Plan?

We must consider the principle of causality: every fact has a CAUSE (reason or
reason). Therefore, the causes are presented first and then the EFFECTS.

Jellyfish
Extraordinary organism: ninety-nine and a half parts of liquid and half a part
of solid substances.
Most of them are phosphorescent.
3. Marine animals with a bell-shaped, transparent, and soft body.
4. Generally, they float in flocks on the surface of the waves.
At night, they give navigators a wonderful spectacle.

A) 3 – 1 – 5 – 2 – 4
B) 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5
C) 3 – 2 – 1 – 4 – 5
D) 3 – 1 – 4 – 2 – 5
E) 1 –2 –4 –5 - 3

The correct alternative is B, because the reason is that they are phosphorescent and
At night they offer a wonderful show, which is the reason.

METHODOLOGY FOR RESOLUTION WRITING PLAN

Next, I will present the most suitable and practical development framework.
read it and practice it in the exercises that will be presented to you later:

The question 'What or who is?' is asked about the title as appropriate.
If a response is obtained, it will be the definition and will correspond to the first
statement. Then the following statements should be determined
according to what is indicated in the basic deductive criterion.

2. In case there is no response to the question What or who is?

that means it does not correspond to the deductive criterion, which is why
causal, which is why we must look for a cause and effect process, in the
each statement provokes the next and so on.

4. It is important to remember that above all criteria is the

deductive, so if it cannot be solved in another way,
we necessarily need to look for an order from the most general to the
more specific.

On the other hand, the final statements are also important, as they can
determine the choice of an alternative: In this final position, they may go the
following statements:

1.- The most specific.

2.- The most current. (the latest date)
3. The works, creations, the examples.
4. The conclusions.
5. The recommendations, comments or projections.
6. Death, the end of a process.
7. The types or minor classifications.
8. The treatments, the solutions.
9. The by-products.
10. The changes of topic.

Strategy:
Recognize the writing plan considering the resolution methodology, placing a
X independently chooses the correct alternative.

The coffee

Today society requires large amounts of coffee to satisfy millions of

caffeine addicts.
Originating from Central America, it spread throughout the East since the 16th century.
3. Beverage prepared by infusion with roasted and ground coffee.
In the 17th century, it passed to Europe and from there to South America.
5. The first coffee producers were: Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela.

2-3-4-5-1
b) 2-3-1-5-4
c) 3-2-1-4-5
d) 3-2-4-5-1
5-4-2-1-3

My first experience
I waited for the right time.
When I tried it, I realized that I had forgotten the salt.
I started by reading a recipe.
I prepared the potatoes, the bell pepper, and the carrots and put everything inside a pot with the
rice.
That day, I had decided to learn how to cook.

5-3-4-1-2
b) 2-5-4-3-1
c) 3-5-4-1-2
5. The influence of Uranus will illuminate you during the afternoon.

a) 1-2-3-4-5
b) 5-2-1-4-3
c) 3-1-2-5-4
5-4-1-3-2
e) 3-1-2-4-5

4.- "Romanticism"

It is a subjective and sentimental cultural movement.

2. Esteban Echeverría and José Mármol, American romanticists.
3. Romanticism in America.
4. Romanticism in Europe.
5. Analysis of "The Slaughterhouse" by Esteban Echeverría.
a) 4-3-1-5-2
b) 1-4-3-2-5
c) 4-3-1-2-5
d) 1-3-4-2-5
e) 4-3-2-1-5

5.- "A dissertation"

It is necessary to investigate the topic very thoroughly.
2. Next, analyze the obtained results.
3. At the very moment introduce the subject that will be discussed.
4. To summarize what has been discussed in a brief summary table.
5. Then, present the objective facts about the topic.

a) 1-3-5-2-4
b) 3-1-5-4-2
c) 5-1-2-3-4
d) 4-3-5-2-1
3-5-2-4-1

6.- The Modernism

Rubén Darío, the foremost exponent of American Modernism.

2. Poetic movement of great aesthetic value.
It mainly had two manifestations: the European and the American.
4. First manifestations in poems about nature.
It served to restore beauty to literature and give value to the landscape.

a) 2-1-3-5-4
5-4-3-2-1
c) 2-4-5-3-1
d) 3-4-5-2-1
e) 2-3-4-5-1

The kites

In China, they were already being made many years ago.

It works by the action of the wind on its aerodynamic lines.
It is a game of great entertainment for everyone, both young and old.
4. Made of thin paper and with flexible rods.
There are kites called ñeclas.
Famous Russian national composers.
What is nationalism in music?
3. First manifestations.
4. Rimsky-Korsakov and his contribution to nationalism in Russia.
Its importance lies in the rescue of nationalist values.

a) 2-5-1-3-4
b) 2-3-5-1-4
c) 2-5-3-1-4
4-3-5-2-1
e) 3-2-1-5-4

9.- "The monks"

Famous are the works of the monks who hand-copied ancient writings.
Currently, some works transcribed in this way are still preserved.
3. In the Middle Ages, monks were dedicated to cultivating the land and the intellect, away from the
worldly noise.
Their chronicles left an important historical testimony.
5. The monasteries were true temples of knowledge where the
wisest men of the time.

2-1-4-5-3
b) 3-5-2-1-4
c) 2-3-4-5-1
d) 3-5-1-4-2
e) 3-2-1-4-5

An automatic washing machine

The washing machine starts washing the clothes by pressing a button.

The clothes come out almost ironed.
3. Other tasks can be carried out while the process is ongoing.
4. The wash program is selected
5. Very necessary appliance in households.

a) 3-4-2-5-1
b) 5-4-1-3-2
5-4-2-1-3
5-2-1-3-4
e) 1-3-4-5-2

11.-.- "Breathing"

At the moment of birth, one starts to breathe.

The one who does not breathe is already a corpse.
3. During exhalation, the air contained in the lungs is expelled.
4. First, you take in inspiration by filling your lungs with air.
When did man as a species start to breathe is a mystery?

1-2-3-4-5
b) 5-3-4-2-1
c) 3-4-2-1-5
5-1-4-3-2
4-2-3-5-1

12.- "Naturalism"
b) 3-4-1-2-5
c) 3-4-1-5-2
4-3-1-5-2
e) 1-3-4-5-2

13.- "Novalis"

He was a German poet.

His most well-known work is 'Hymn of the Night'.
He was born in 1772 and died in 1801.
His name was Federico Leopoldo Herdenberg.
5. During his childhood, he studied in several European countries.

a) 1-4-5-2-3
b) 4-3-5-2-1
c) 5-4-3-1-2
d) 1-4-3-5-2
e) 4-1-3-2-5

14.- "The avant-garde theater"

1. Main characteristics of avant-garde theater.

2. Relevant works of avant-garde theater in Chile.
Important contemporary theatrical movement.
4. "The attic of the males": an important avant-garde work from Chile.
5. Most notable works of avant-garde theater.

a) 1-3-5-2-4
b) 3-1-2-5-4
c) 3-1-5-2-4
d) 3-5-1-2-4
5-2-1-3-4

William Shakespeare
He was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon, England.
He passed away on April 23, 1616, at the age of 52 in his hometown.
3. English playwright, poet, and actor.
He sought his arguments in stormy periods of English history.
5. Among the works that constitute his legacy to universal literature are 'Romeo and
"Juliet" and "Othello, the Moor of Venice."
Since his youth he wrote high-quality and significant dramas.

A. 1-2-3-4-5-6

B. 1-3-4-2-5-6

C. 3-1-4-6-5-2

D. 3-1-6-4-2-5

E. 6-3-1-4-2-5
Its main figures were Sevigné, Corneille, and Bossuet.
Its development is linked to certain Spanish and Italian influences.

A. 2-3-4-5-1

B. 3-2-5-1-4

C. 3-2-1-5-4

D. 3-1-2-5-4

E. 4-3-2-1-5

Pedro Salinas
Spanish poet born in Madrid in 1891.
He is one of the main representatives of the Generation of '27.
3. Within this group, he represents, above all, the poet of love.
He passed away in Boston in 1951.
5. He studied Law, Philosophy and Letters.
I managed to sing this universal feeling in a deep and delicate way.

A. 1-2-3-4-5-6

B. 2-3-1-5-6-4

C. 1-2-3-6-4-5

D. 1-5-2-3-6-4

E. 1-2-3-5-6-4

The picaresque novel

The rogue, despite his condition, captures the reader's sympathy.
One of the most famous rogues to this day is Lazarillo de Tormes.
The picaresque novel develops in the 16th and 17th centuries.
4. Proposes, for the first time in literature, a protagonist with characteristics of
marginal character.
5. It portrays the life of criminals and rogues.

A. 1-2-3-4-5
 E. 3-5-2-1-4

19. 'Humanism'
Its origin is located in the 14th century on the Italian peninsula.
2. The movement had an aesthetic embodied, for example, in a new typeface,
known as humanistic script.
3. It imitated the ancient Latin uncial script, which gradually replaced the uncomfortable ones.
sticks of medieval Gothic lettering.
It is a philosophical, educational, and philological European movement closely linked to
Renaissance.
It remained hegemonic there until the late 16th century, when it began to transform.
thanks to the spiritual changes caused by the social and ideological evolution of
Europe.

A. 4-1-5-2-3

B. 1-2-4-3-5

C. 4-2-1-3-5

D. 2-4-1-3-5

E. 4-5-1-3-2

20. "The narration"

Anonymous origin, collective creation, oral diffusion: features of all primitive narrative.
2. Religious beliefs, historical legends: the first themes of primitive stories.
3. The popular tradition preserved in fairy tales and folklore, and literary creation
cultivated expressed in stories and novels: two universal narrative currents.
4. Listening to tales of fantastic or real events: an eternal hobby of human beings.
5. The narrative: the most widespread form of literary art today.

A. 5-1-3-2-4

B. 2-1-3-5-4

C. 1-2-3-5-4

D. 4-1-2-3-5

E. 4-5-2-3-1
2. Since 1930, he began publishing his poems in the weekly El Pueblo de Orihuela and in
the newspaper El Día de Alicante.
Amid bitter pains, acute hemorrhages, and cough fits, he dies on March 28, 1942.
at the age of thirty-one.
4. In the spring of 1934, he arrives in Madrid, where he will meet the older poets of that time.
moment: Altolaguirre, Alberti, Cernuda, Aleixandre and the Chilean Pablo Neruda.
5. Great contemporary Spanish poet of the Generation of '27, famous for his commitment
participation in the Spanish Civil War.
In the mid-1939, in the face of the general collapse of the republican front, Miguel
Hernández tries to cross the Portuguese border, but is returned to the authorities.
Spanish.

A. 5-1-2-4-6-3

B. 5-2-1-4-6-3

C. 5-2-4-6-3-1

D. 1-5-2-4-6-3

E. 1-2-3-4-5-6

22. "Günters Anders: philosopher of barbarism"

In 1933 he went into exile, along with his wife Hannah Arendt.
Born in Germany, in 1902.
3. Main work: The outdatedness of the human being.
At 85 years old, he causes controversy: "The only way out is violence," he writes.
In his youth, he was a student of Husserl and Heidegger.

A. 2-3-5-1-4

B. 2-5-1-3-4

C. 2-1-5-4-3

D. 3-2-5-1-4

E. 1-2-3-4-5

The Traditional Pottery

Each culture has its own way of shaping and decorating its pottery.
The potter shapes the clay when it is soft and gives it the form he wants.
 B. 1-4-5-3-2

C. 4-5-3-1-2

D. 4-1-5-3-2

E. 4-2-3-5-1

24 The Religious Heritage of Teotihuacan

Teotihuacán, according to the chroniclers, means 'the place of the gods.'
Abandoned for a long time, its structures were covered by dust, forming.
mounds that the Aztecs assumed were tombs of a giant humanity.
3. From there derives the number of myths and legends that have obscured the interpretation of
the archaeological remains.
4. The legends of the 'Five Suns' and of 'Quetzalcoatl' were the result of this.
conceptions.
They were also attributed with the creation of a new world, thus they considered it sacred.
the place and they believed that 'the dead buried there became Gods.'

A. 5-3-2-4-1

B. 1-4-2-5-3

C. 1-3-2-5-4

D. 1-2-3-4-5

E. 4-5-3-2-1

King Arthur
Movies, operas, and comics about the fabulous king.
2. The literary Arthur: its evolution from the earliest texts.
3. The myth: he, his sword, and his capital are exalted.
4. In addition to literary studies and history books that address it.
5. Debate about the historicity of the king. Did he really exist?

A. 5-3-2-1-4

B. 2-5-3-1-4

C. 3-2-1-4-5

D. 5-2-4-3-1

E. 2-3-1-4-5
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