Understanding RL Circuits and Applications
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsUnderstanding RL Circuits and Applications
Translated by
ScribdTranslationsOmar Naranjo Barboza-Álvaro Ochoa Simanca
RL Circuits
They are those circuits that have a resistor (R), an inductor or coil.
as a solenoid (L) and an EMF (electromotive force) or voltage source.
Now as the current moves through the circuit (always from more to
less), the inductor starts to charge and begins to generate a current
electric in the opposite direction (acts as reverse Fem). In particular in this
in this type of circuits, energy is dissipated by the resistance, and the coil generates
that there are no sudden changes in current.
Establishment of a current in a circuit
When a Fem V0 is applied to a circuit by closing a switch, the current
does not instantly reach the value V0/R given by Ohm's law, but rather
takes a certain time, theoretically infinite, in practice, an interval of
time that depends on resistance. The reason for this behavior must be
search it in the role played by autoinduction L that generates an EMF that is
opposes the increase in current.
In the figure, a circuit is shown consisting of a battery, a resistor, and
a self-induction. The battery is connected and the current i increases over time.
To formulate the circuit equation, we replace the self-induction with an electromotive force.
equivalent. We measure the potential difference between the ends of each one
of the three elements that make up the circuit. It will be fulfilled that:
Vab + Vbc + Vca = 0
Current drop in an RL circuit
If the maximum current in the circuit has been established and we disconnect the
battery, the current does not reach zero instantly, but takes time
certain time to disappear from the circuit. Again, the reason for this
behavior must be sought in the role played by self-induction L in the
a Fem is generated that opposes the decrease in current.
To formulate the circuit equation, we replace self-induction with an emf.
equivalent. We measure the potential difference between the ends of each one of
the two elements that form the circuit. It must be taken into account that i
decreases over time so its derivative di/dt < 0 is negative
Vab + Vba = 0
Integrating, we find the expression of i as a function of time with the conditions
initials t=0, i=i0.
The current decreases exponentially over time. In most of the
cases, R/The large, so the current disappears very quickly.
Energy of the magnetic field
We have seen that to maintain a current in a circuit it is necessary
supply energy. The energy supplied by the battery per unit of time
This energy is dissipated in the resistance by Joule effect and is accumulated in
self-induction in the form of magnetic energy. From the circuit equation
iR=V0+VL
Multiplying both sides by the intensity i.
The term R·i2 is the energy per unit of time dissipated in the resistance.
the first term V0·i is the energy supplied by the battery. The last term,
it is the energy per unit of time needed to establish the current in
self-induction or its associated magnetic field.
Simplifying dt and integrating from 0 to i, we obtain
This is the energy accumulated in the form of a magnetic field when it flows through the
coil a current of intensity i.
Exercises
RL circuit applications
Electromagnets
Electromagnets are widely used as components of others.
electrical devices, such asmotors, generators, relays, speakers, hard drives,
MRI machinesscientific instruments and equipment ofmagnetic separation. The
Electromagnets are also used in industry to pick up and move objects.
heavy, like scrap iron and steel
Car ignition system
Through the RL circuit, the inductor of that circuit provides a
sudden increase in voltage so great that it causes a spark in the spark plug that is
connected in parallel to that coil since the inductor cannot change the
flows very quickly.
RLC Circuit
An RLC circuit is an electrical circuit that consists of a resistor (R), a
inductor (L) and a capacitor (C), connected in series or in parallel.
The name of the circuit is derived from the letters in English that are used to denote
the constituent components of this circuit, where the sequence of the
components may vary according to the RLC.
The circuit forms a harmonic oscillator for the current and resonates in a way
similar to an LC circuit (or resonant circuit).
The introduction of resistance increases the reduction of these oscillations.
which is also known as dumping or cushioning.
The resistance also reduces the maximum resonant frequency. Some resistance
it is inevitable in real circuits, even if a resistor is not included
specifically as a component.
An ideal LC circuit exists only in the domain of superconductivity.
RCL circuit applications
RLC circuits have many applications such as oscillating circuits.
radio receivers and televisions use them to tune in and thus select a
narrow frequency range of ambient radio waves. In this function,
circuit is often referred to as a tuning circuit.
An RLC circuit can be used as a band-pass filter, notch filter.
band, low-pass filter or high-pass filter. The adjustment application, for example,
it is an example of bandpass filtering. The RLC filter is described as a
second order circuit, which means that any voltage or current in the
the circuit can be described by a second-order differential equation in
the circuit analysis.
The three circuit elements, R, L, and C, can be combined in various topologies.
different. The three elements in series or the three elements in parallel are the most
simple in concept and the easiest to analyze.
However, there are other arrangements, some of practical importance in circuits.
real. A common problem is the need to take into account the resistance of
Inductor. Inductors are typically constructed from wire coils,
whose resistance is generally undesirable, but often has an effect
significant in the circuit.