POLYSTYRENE CUTTER PROJECT

Description
The foam cutter is a device used to cut sheets of
tecnopor using the heat from a nichrome wire resistance in short circuit,
with the secondary of the transformer, so its construction is simple and easy to
to build.

Explanation
The cutter circuit is quite simple, consisting of a 12-volt transformer,
which reduces the tension from 220 volts to 12 volts, in order to be able to use it and heat a
heating element such as nichrome wire.

Materials
A plug - 3 m twin cord No. 18
A chassis box
A 220-12 V transformer.
A switch with a pilot
15 cm of ¾ inch PVC pipe
2 reggaeton songs
1 meter of galvanized wire No. 14
10 cm of nichrome wire No. 27

Procedure.-Operations:
Select the materials.
Design the electrical circuit
Number of components
Cut 30 cm. of galvanized wire
Straighten the wire and make loops at one of its ends
Prepare the 15 cm PVC handle and make 2 holes of 5/32' in it.
extremes
Place both wires in the handle, previously connecting the cord.
twin
Hold wires to the tube with 5/32' stove bolts
Put reggaetones on both ends of the handle
Place the nichrome wire
Mount transformer on chassis
Make electrical connections
Test the project.
 How to make a homemade foam cutter

Creating a simple tool to cut foam or

polystyrene. With it, we can easily create multiple shapes in these
materials, from simple letters to airplane models.

Materials:
Some wooden tweezers.
Two stacks.
Two pushpins.
Insulating tape.
Some scissors.
A thin wire.
A couple of pieces of wire.
Procedure:
We put a pushpin at each end of the wooden stick, without fully driving it in,
this form:

To keep the clamps open, we put cotton between the two sticks. The material doesn't matter.
The important thing is that it stays well secured. If necessary, we will reinforce it with electrical tape so that it doesn't
move.
 Next, we place the piece of thin wire in the opening, wrapping its ends around.
the points of the pushpins until they are taut.

After this, we take the two batteries and place one after the other, in such a way
that the positive pole of one is next to the negative pole of the other. We put tape around the union and
We stick them at the end of the clamp opposite the wire, also with insulating tape.

Now we take a cable and, with the help of scissors, we remove the plastic from one end.
cutting the cable very carefully not to break any of the internal wires. The shape
it's easier to slice the plastic with a circular motion until it is separated and then
take it out.
Once the plastic is removed from one end, we roll up those wires that have been left at the.
discovered on one of the thumbtacks, in the same way as the previous thin wire.
We repeat the process with the other end of the same cable and this time we connect it to one of the
poles of the batteries, sticking it with a piece of insulating tape.
We do exactly the same with the second wire and connect its ends to the thumbtack and the
which have been left free.
Our homemade foam cutter is now finished. The fine wire will begin to heat up and already
we can start using it. To turn it off, we just need to separate one of the two ends of
cable from one of the battery terminals.
When we want to turn it back on, we must check that the thin wire is still tense, as when
Heating tends to expand. If it is not, we will roll it up a little more on the thumbtacks until
achieve it.
As we said at the beginning, this is the easiest way to make a homemade foam cutter.
but there are many more. The important thing is that the structure is made of wood, since this material is
heat insulator. If we need the cutting area to be larger, we can join three sticks.
wood (with insulating tape, for example) instead of using a clamp. Or we can also make
a static cutter, so that what we move is the foam or polystyrene as we wish
cut it, like in this photo:
 Sugar crystal

Materials:
2 glasses of water
5 cups of sugar
skewers
thick paper
transparent vases
a pot
food coloring

Procedure:
In a quarter glass of water, prepare sugar syrup with a couple of teaspoons.
of sugar. Sprinkle a little sugar on the paper. Then you must spread a stick with
the syrup and then pass it through the paper with sugar, in such a way that the sugar granules
stick along the stick.
Leave the sticks to dry overnight. The next day, dissolve the equivalent of five
sugar glasses in two of water. You can let the syrup settle a bit (around
for 15 minutes), but not too much, because otherwise, the crystals will not appear. After
Pour evenly into all the transparent glasses, and add a little food coloring.
of food to each one. Insert the sticks you prepared the day before into the cups
with syrup and coloring, avoiding that they touch the walls of the container, you can do that
make with a clothes hanger, for example.
Now you just have to wait, and observe the process, and well, then sit down and enjoy.
of the candy.

Explanation:
When the water settles, the sugar saturation decreases, and this begins
to accumulate on the walls of the container, and on the stick, and that causes the formation of the
crystals, which you and your children will then eat.
 Emergency Homemade Light Bulb or Lamp
As we know, Edison was the inventor of the filament light bulb, and in his journey through
to create one that works and stays on for a considerable time without burning out, failed
more than a thousand times, according to historians.

Objective:
Make a Homemade Lamp (Light Bulb) with Household Materials.

Materials:
Pencil
2 pieces of electrical conductors
Car or motorcycle battery
Knife or cutter

Procedure:
The first step is to obtain a piece of pencil lead. For this, take the knife and remove the
wood carefully, although you can also try to make a longitudinal cut in
she to try to completely open the pencil. With an approximate length of three
centimeters will be fine (length of the mine).
Remove the insulation from the ends of both conductors. Now roll one end of
each conductor at the ends of the mine. Finally, connect the two ends.
excesses at the battery terminals.

How It Works:
Some materials offer more resistance to the flow of electric current than others.
That is why some are classified as conductors, while others are insulators.
The mine is made of graphite, which, while it conducts current, does so very
difficulty. It is then said that the material has a high electrical resistance.
The physicist James Prescott Joule discovered that a current generates heat when passing through a
conductor, and this increases as it becomes more resistant. This
known as the 'Joule Effect' and explains why so much heat is generated in the mine of
pencil, when it is passed through the current. The generated heat is so high that the lead
becomes incandescent.
Do not touch the mine or the conductors with your hands, as they can get hot.
too much and cause you burns.
 OUR DARK ROOM

What do I need?
Black cardboard
Wax paper
An empty aluminum can
Adhesive tape
Scissors or can opener
A pin

How is it done?
With a can opener or scissors cut the
top of the can, so that the can is in the shape of a glass.
Roll the black cardboard into a cone and cut the tip.
width until it fits into the opening of the can. With tape
adhesive stick the cone so that it does not unravel.
3. With the wax paper, cut out a circle slightly larger than the
wide end of your paper cone, so that it works as a
lid.
4. Stick the circle you cut out to the wide end of the cone. This will be your
observation screen.
5. Use a pin to make a small hole at the closed end of the
can
Point the hole of the can at a bright light or a well-lit scene.
through the sun and look through the cone. You will see a projected image of
reverse way on the screen.

What does it mean?

In our experiment, we try to test how images are formed within
a camera obscura, similar to what a French physicist named Nicéphore Niépce used
when taking the first photograph in 1826.
The light forms a perpendicular line that, when it strikes a smooth or polished surface
bounces in a specific direction; in this experiment, the light follows its trajectory
inside the hole and collides with the walls of the can, ultimately projecting into
the wax paper, which will allow for an image to be observed, since the
Black cardboard does not let through more light than what enters through the hole.
The image seen on the paper will be inverted, this is because the hole only
take two reflection points of the object, the upper part and the lower part
By sliding the cone outward, more light is allowed in, which makes the
the image enlarges, otherwise, if the cone moves inward, the image
it will reduce or it will look more opaque.

How is it related to your daily life?

We usually use cameras without knowing how they work, this
It is a good exercise to start or understand that process.

Recommendations for its application:

Due to the degree of complexity, it is suggested that it be demonstrative.
Ø Implement this activity in open spaces with plenty of light
Through questions, awaken the child's interest so that they question why they...
invest.
 Crystal letters
Materials

Pipe cleaner
Hello
Wooden stick (or pencil)
Scissors
Medium plastic container
Measuring jug
Spoon
Food coloring (optional)
Boric powder or sodium percarbonate (it is a common component in
soaps and detergents, and they can be found in supermarkets.

Instructions

First, shape the pipe cleaner to make the letters of your name.
Tie it with a thread and knot the other end to a wooden stick.
Heat a pot of water until it boils. With the help of a pitcher
measuring cup, pour 750ml of hot water into a medium plastic container,
add 9 tablespoons of borax or sodium percarbonate and dissolve it (3
tablespoons per 250ml of water.
Finally, introduce the pipe cleaner in the shape of your name into the liquid without
that it touches none of the sides and leave it suspended inside for the entire
night for the crystals to form.
To make your crystal name colorful, you can use pipe cleaners.
colors or add food coloring to the water with borax to dye it.
Explanation

When borax is dissolved in water, a suspension is created, that is,

mix of solid particles (borax) that are large enough to
sedimentation. Over time, the borax begins to sediment and to
crystallize on solid surfaces, forming a layer of crystal around the
pipe cleaner.
 Year of the Fight against Corruption and Impunity

STUDENT:
Renzo Gustavo Alanya Pariona
TEACHER:
Elisa Paredes
Degree:
1st Grade

2019