I.E.

RICARDO PALMA
MIRAMAR–PAITA

YEAR OF THE CONSOLIDATION OF THE GRAU SEA

students_responsible_for_the_project
Carmen del Rosario Moreno Vivas
MORE DE LA CRUZ LEONELA BEANNE

GRADE: 5th SECTION: UNIQUE

TEACHER: Luz Anita Chiroque Bustamante

EMAIL. lanichb_74@[Link]

SPECIALTY: PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY

EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION: RICARDO PALMA

DIRECTION Buenos Aires Street No. 116 - Miramar - Vichayal

Email : ricardo_pie81@[Link]
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PRESENTATION

The project consists of the construction of an electric power generator.

based on easily obtainable materials, all this to be able to demonstrate the
generation of electrical energy from a jet of water.

The stream of water coming from an elevated tank falls colliding with the
spoons, which are stuck around the wheel, this jet causes the
the wheel rotates around its axis, this axis is attached to a motor that makes it
produce electric energy by turning on a light bulb.

The water flow found in elevated areas is a source of

energy known as hydraulic energy, this energy is captured through
turbines that have a water wheel and whose job is to transform the
potential energy of water into kinetic energy. This kinetic energy that is
the turbine shaft is transmitted to a power generator
electric, which in our case is the motor.
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SUMMARY
This work presents a hydraulic generator that is governed by the principle of
conservation of energy; due to its transformations that it undergoes when put into
practice. The main objective of the prototype is to generate electrical energy (reaching
a maximum of 4 volts) from hydraulics, knowing the energies that are
they transform by making it work, managing to turn on 5 leds a high intensity
bright. Considering that electricity is a clean energy
renewable that does not pollute, which I found interesting for the realization of this.

Throughout the work, it is shown how its development was achieved and the steps that were taken.
they followed to make it work based on the principle that governs it, knowing the concepts of
the energies that will be transformed to reach electrical energy; taking into account
that energy will be conserved, meaning; the same that is at the beginning will be at the end. Also
noting that the hydraulic expenditure can be determined from the flow of water that will fall in the
hydraulic generator; based on Bernoulli's principle.
Later, the generator will be implemented in order to apply different amounts of
water and see how it influences the intensity of the lit LEDs and the
volts generated, taking note and comparing, in order to analyze and discuss them
results obtained. Now based on the objectives set, it can be said
That generator works correctly, since it generates hydraulic energy.
without major problems and without polluting the environment; which results in
beneficial for rural cities, as the generator can be built in the
rivers, flows, water dams, etc.

INTRODUCTION
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

In this work, we will appreciate the principle of conservation of energy through the
hydraulic generator to know how mechanical energy is transformed into
electric.
The conservation of mechanical energy is 1 a law and is the origin of the expression
"conservative force." When the mechanical energy of a system is conserved,
we can relate the final mechanical energy of the system to the mechanical energy without
to have to consider the intermediate movement nor the work done by the forces
involved. Therefore, the conservation of mechanical energy allows us to solve
problems that might be difficult to solve based on Newton's laws. It is worth noting
mention that mechanical energy does not depend on the path, in case there is none
friction; as is the case with the hydraulic generator.
To start the development of this experimental project, I began with
the search for information from various sources such as internet pages and
books to be able to know and support the principle on which this project is based, which
it is a hydraulic generator.
Knowing the following basic concepts:

(Miñarro, 2013) Principle of conservation of energy. The Principle of

the conservation of energy indicates that energy is neither created nor destroyed; it only is
transform
in one way or another. In these transformations, the total energy remains
constant;
that is, the total energy is the same before and after each transformation. In
4
this prototype the energies2 that undergo transformation are:
Potential energy: It is the energy that can be associated with a body or system.
conservative by virtue of his position.
Kinetic energy: Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity. associated with
movement of each of the particles in the system.

Mechanical energy: It is the energy that is due to the position and movement of a body.
therefore, it is the sum of the potential and kinetic energies of a mechanical system.

Hydraulic energy: It is obtained from the exploitation of the

kinetic and potential energies of water flow, waterfalls or tides.

Hydraulics: It is a branch of physics and engineering that deals with the study of the
mechanical properties of fluids. The concepts of Fluid Mechanics are
summary in three chapters: statics, kinematics, and dynamics. In statics, the study is focused on
the water at rest; in kinematics, it deals with the flow lines and the trajectories
And in dynamics, the forces that produce the movement of water are studied. 3

Bernoulli's Principle: Also 4 known as Bernoulli's equation or Trinomial

of Bernoulli, describes the behavior of alaminar flow meseeing along
of astream of [Link] was exposedby Daniel Bernoulli expressure in a fluid
ideal (sinneither viscosityfrictionin a circulation regime through a conduit, the
energy quand the fluid's flow remains constant throughout its journey. The energy
a fluid at any moment consists of three components:
1. Kinetic: it is the energy due to the speed of the fluid.
2. Gravitational potential: it is the energy due to the altitude that a fluid possesses.
3. Flow energy: it is the energy that a fluid contains due to the pressure it has.
has.
Hydraulic expenditure:5 It is also called the continuity equation, it represents
the conservation of mass: it means that mass cannot be
created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed, similar to the conservation of energy.
For an incompressible fluid, that is, of constant density, the continuity equation
It is reduced to: G = AV
The same amount of fluid that enters one side of the tube exits from the other side.
in the same time frame.

1
Fundamentals of Physics
2
[Link]
Physics. Paul E. Tippens. Concepts and Applications. McGraw-Hill Publishing, 6th edition, 2001. Pages: 156-
160.
3
Unable to access external websites.
4
Paul A. Tipler. Physics for Science and Technology. Reverté Publishing, 6th edition. Mexico, 2010. Pages:
440-445.
5
Unable to access external URLs or documents.
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Objectives

Build a hydraulic energy generator that takes advantage of the movement of

water.
Obtain electrical energy from the hydraulic energy that will be produced
generator through a motor.
Describe where and what type of energy is transformed in this generator.

Problem
The main problem addressed by this experimental project is that it can be supplied.
of electrical energy to a community; taking advantage of the large water flows;
how are rivers, waterfalls, dams; among others, taking into account that it should be a
larger hydraulic generator; since in the prototype created; it will be able to
observe that the volts it generates are used to charge a cell phone battery; therefore
it will be the main use of electrical energy that can be given to it. Observing that
this energy will be generated without polluting the environment; due to its conservation and
transformation.

HYPOTHESIS
Depending on the water supplied to the dispenser; we can affect the intensity.
luminous of the LEDs and the volts generated.

DEVELOPMENT OF OUR PROJECT

The hydraulic generator refers to a system that generates electrical energy from the
movement of water that passes, either through a single channel via the spoons; that
they will receive the water by turning the wooden wheel, which in turn will make a ...
gear adapted to the 12-volt motor, in order to turn on 5 LEDs and obtain energy
electric, observing how many volts it shows on the voltmeter.
Later knowing what principle the hydraulic generator is governed by and what must be
I started with the development of the prototype: an attempt is made to obtain a generator.
hydraulic that has the characteristics of one applied to dams, flows, rivers, etc.

Using the following materials

Materials⇩
➯various pieces of wood or other material
➯wire of 3 or 4 mm thickness
➯2 discs
➯1 12-volt motor with its pulley
➯2 tapas
➯16 disposable spoons
➯silicone gun
➯glue
➯1 rubber band
➯1 large plastic bottle
6
➯1 pipe or a faucet
➯2 tweezers
➯5 led
➯nails
Tools
➯screwdriver
➯rule
➯pencil
➯punch

PROCEDURE
1st step:
To start the project, the above materials are needed; once these are obtained,
materials, we will start by making the base we must cut the pieces of wood one
taller than the other, the measurements are to everyone's liking, then we cut two pieces.
from plywood for the base of the 2 pieces forming two 'T' shapes, we paint
the bases and we fixed some to the others.
Second step:
Now let's go for the aspas, where the ruler, glue, and 8 spoons are used.
As a first indication, lines are drawn on the CD disk for a perfect attachment.
then the spoons are placed one by one, it is easier to place four spoons first
at an equidistant manner to specify, once the 8 spoons are attached, they should be placed
the others.

3rd step:
Now we are going to make the pulley with the cut wooden circles, likewise we
They must be sanded to be fixed; once sanded, we apply glue and join them together.
but taking into account that the hole made for the wire to pass through matches.
4th place:
Pass the wire through the holes of the pulley and pass an axle (The smooth rod with
tip). And placing the brackets and the pulley on the axis using the corks will secure it.
Pulley. A soda cap will be placed at the end of the rod for safety.
5th step:
Now let's move on to the electrical part, this is where we are going to place the motor or dynamo.
of 12 volts and the LED diode on the smallest 'T' we fix them in a way
safe.

Step 6:
We will place the string (or cord) to act as if it were a band over the
pulley and the motor shaft.

Step 7:
Once the hydraulic generator at scale is completed, we will turn it on.
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DESCRIPTION
The present invention relates to a system for generating electricity from
movement of water that passes, either through a single channel or along the shore
with the use of a channel for that purpose, with a system of gates that would expand the
flow and therefore the force of the water that passes through the mill of the system
hydraulic generator.

How does it work?

Hydroelectric energy works in a very simple way. To use the energy

natural of a river that flows rapidly from an elevation to a lower ground
below its flow rate must be controlled. This is achieved by constructing a
dam. It stops the normal flow of the river and creates a reservoir behind it. A
Power plant built inside or along the dam has two engines.
different: a turbine and a generator. The turbine consists of a series of blades
mounted angularly on a central axis. The turbine spins while a controlled flow
water goes through the power plant. The movement of the turbine drives the
generator, which then produces electricity.
Hydroelectric plants provide 650,000 megawatts of energy worldwide.
world. However, not all places in the world meet the conditions
necessary to produce this type of energy. To achieve this, a region needs to have
mountains, rivers and streams or heavy rainfall.

Advantages
The plants are facilities for harnessing hydraulic power and converting it into
electricity, with low maintenance and operating costs, operates at temperature
environment, therefore heating or cooling devices are not needed for the work and
exploitation, that is to say there is no gas emission, dams help to prevent the
floods and provide a water flow regulation intended for irrigation.

Disadvantages
Those of the fish that must swim downstream for spawning and encounter the
high walls of the dams that are impassable, the river loses nutrients and
salinity, ideal for aquatic fauna decreases, are major works of
infrastructure, so they need a lot of space to be installed, many
Animal species tend to disappear.

conclusions
Electric generators are very reliable machines, they have high
resistance to high electrical, mechanical, thermal stresses and
environmental.
These teams are expected to have a lifespan of thirty years of work.
 I continue. However, they can suffer failures that need to be prevented.
8
There lies the importance of knowing the mechanisms of deterioration that
allow taking preventive actions to avoid its exit due to failure.
The hydroelectric power plant, utilizing the hydraulic force contained in the
riverbeds.

RECOMMENDATIONS:
For this type of large-scale projects, it is recommended to be environmentally friendly.
environment, try to use recyclable material as much as possible.
The larger the circumference, the more effort it takes to rotate it, which is a waste.
of energy.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY:

PHYSICS 2 _ Edmundo V. Salinas Pineda (Fourth Edition)

GENERAL PHYSICS _ Antonio Máximo & Beatriz
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT 5th MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
[Link]
Hydraulic/[Link]://[Link]/watch?v=gjDDGLelPk4
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Invalid input. Please provide text for translation.
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MATERIALS TO BE USED IN OUR PROJECT

DOS CD

16 plastic spoons
 Wood for the base

Wooden circles for the pulley

12 v motor
FINISHED MODEL OF OUR
HYDRAULIC GENERATOR